Key message
We provide evidence that nucleotide sequence and methylation status changes occur in the
Arabidopsis
genome during
in vitro
tissue culture at a frequency high enough to represent an ...important source of variation.
Somaclonal variation is a general consequence of the tissue culture process that has to be analyzed specifically when regenerated plants are obtained in any plant species. Currently, there are few studies about the variability comprising sequence changes and methylation status at the DNA level, generated by the culture of
A. thaliana
cells and tissues. In this work, two types of highly reproducible molecular markers, modified methylation sensitive AFLP (metAFLP) and transposon methylation display (TMD) have been used for the first time in this species to analyze the nucleotide and cytosine methylation changes induced by transformation and tissue culture protocols. We found significantly higher average methylation values (7.5%) in regenerated and transgenic plants when compared to values obtained from seed derived plants (3.2%) and that the main component of the somaclonal variation present in
Arabidopsis
clonal plants is genetic rather than epigenetic. However, we have found that the
Arabidopsis
regenerated and transgenic plants had a higher number of non-fully methylated sites flanking transposable elements than the control plants, and therefore, their mobilization can be facilitated. These data provide further evidence that changes in nucleotide sequence and methylation status occur in the
Arabidopsis
genome during in vitro tissue culture frequently enough to be an important source of variation in this species.
There is no evidence that the epinephrine-3% hypertonic saline combination is more effective than 3% hypertonic saline alone for treating infants hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. We evaluated ...the efficacy of nebulized epinephrine in 3% hypertonic saline.
We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial in 208 infants hospitalized with acute moderate bronchiolitis. Infants were randomly assigned to receive nebulized 3% hypertonic saline with either 3 mL of epinephrine or 3 mL of placebo, administered every four hours. The primary outcome measure was the length of hospital stay.
A total of 185 infants were analyzed: 94 in the epinephrine plus 3% hypertonic saline group and 91 in the placebo plus 3% hypertonic saline group. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. Length of hospital stay was significantly reduced in the epinephrine group as compared with the placebo group (3.94 ±1.88 days vs. 4.82 ±2.30 days, P = 0.011). Disease severity also decreased significantly earlier in the epinephrine group (P = 0.029 and P = 0.036 on days 3 and 5, respectively).
In our setting, nebulized epinephrine in 3% hypertonic saline significantly shortens hospital stay in hospitalized infants with acute moderate bronchiolitis compared to 3% hypertonic saline alone, and improves the clinical scores of severity from the third day of treatment, but not before.
EudraCT 2009-016042-57.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Estrogen-dependent osteoarthritis (EDPOA) is a disease of perimenopausal-age women. Their manifestations are polyarticular pain with common co-morbidities (carpal tunnel syndrome, insomnia, fatigue, ...depression, and fibromyalgia). Based on dual role of glucocorticoids, its trophic action on the chondrocyte and its anti-inflammatory effect, we conducted a prospective interventional cohort study where we evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral low-dose GC in one hundred women with EDPOA. The pain intensity, number of tender joints as well as impact in co-morbidities were analyzed. We conclude that the use of low-dose GC in patients with EDPOA can be an effective and a safe therapeutic option.
The environments of poverty, marginalization, overcrowding, lack of resources and opportunities are influential factors in the behavior of individuals. The externalities, evaluated from the context ...and their influence on criminal behavior, are the object of study of the legal sciences. This research process leads the authors to determine dimensions and indicators in order to assess the effectiveness of the legal system, from sources manifested in material reality. Poverty is a contingent phenomenon, built on social inequality that affects the actions of the individual and that the law cannot ignore given its connotation and conditioning capacity and in particular because the phenomenon of poverty constitutes a fundamental factor in the criminal behavior of citizens. For this reason, the objective of this paper is to analyze the criminal behavior achieved in Quevedo, Ecuador, based on the use of spatial econometric techniques and the use of Neutrosophy, which are useful for the evaluation of the impact of the indicators of greater incidence on the criminal behavior achieved in the aforementioned region.
For culture and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing of
Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
results are typically available in 1 to 2 months. This report from Peru demonstrates that the ...microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay may be more sensitive for the detection of
M. tuberculosis
than the current standard techniques and that results are available in significantly less time (median, 7 days).
This report from Peru demonstrates that the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay may be more sensitive for the detection of
M. tuberculosis
than the current standard techniques and that results are available in significantly less time.
Every year, 1.7 million people die of tuberculosis, a curable disease.
1
The poor are disproportionately affected, and tuberculosis further impoverishes individual people and societies. Goal 6 of the Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations includes the halting and reversal of the rising incidence of tuberculosis, and the Stop TB Partnership aims to halve the prevalence of tuberculosis and resulting deaths by 2015.
2
Existing control strategies miss important opportunities to interrupt transmission. Improved tuberculosis detection and early identification of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis are key gaps.
Sputum-smear–based diagnosis under the Direct Observation of Therapy (Short Course) (DOTS) strategy of the World Health . . .
Mitochondrial diseases are a group of severe pathologies that cause complex neurodegenerative disorders for which, in most cases, no therapy or treatment is available. These organelles are critical ...regulators of both neurogenesis and homeostasis of the neurological system. Consequently, mitochondrial damage or dysfunction can occur as a cause or consequence of neurodevelopmental or neurodegenerative diseases. As genetic knowledge of neurodevelopmental disorders advances, associations have been identified between genes that encode mitochondrial proteins and neurological symptoms, such as neuropathy, encephalomyopathy, ataxia, seizures, and developmental delays, among others. Understanding how mitochondrial dysfunction can alter these processes is essential in researching rare diseases. Three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures, which self-assemble to form specialized structures composed of different cell types, represent an accessible manner to model organogenesis and neurodevelopmental disorders. In particular, brain organoids are revolutionizing the study of mitochondrial-based neurological diseases since they are organ-specific and model-generated from a patient’s cell, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of traditional animal and cell models. In this review, we have collected which neurological structures and functions recapitulate in the different types of reported brain organoids, focusing on those generated as models of mitochondrial diseases. In addition to advancements in the generation of brain organoids, techniques, and approaches for studying neuronal structures and physiology, drug screening and drug repositioning studies performed in brain organoids with mitochondrial damage and neurodevelopmental disorders have also been reviewed. This scope review will summarize the evidence on limitations in studying the function and dynamics of mitochondria in brain organoids.
Abstract
Background
CYD-TDV, a live, attenuated, tetravalent dengue vaccine, has been approved for the prevention of symptomatic dengue in previously dengue exposed individuals. This post hoc ...analysis assessed hospitalized and severe virologically confirmed dengue (VCD) over the complete 6-year follow-up of 3 CYD-TDV efficacy studies (CYD14, CYD15, and CYD23/CYD57).
Methods
The main outcomes were hazard ratios (HRs) for hospitalized or severe VCD by baseline dengue serostatus, focusing on those who were seropositive, and by age at immunization (<9 years/≥9 years). Baseline dengue serostatus was measured or inferred using several methods. Hospitalized VCD cases were characterized in terms of clinical signs and symptoms and wild-type viremia level. Antibody persistence was assessed up to 5 years after the last injection.
Results
In those aged ≥9 years and baseline seropositive, CYD-TDV protected against hospitalized and severe VCD over 6 years compared to placebo (HR 95% confidence interval multiple imputation from month 0 method, .19 .12–.30 and .15 .06–.39; other methods were consistent). Vaccine protection was observed over the different study periods, being highest during the first 2 years. Evidence for a decreased risk of hospitalized and severe VCD was also observed in seropositive participants aged 6–8 years. Clinical signs and symptoms, and quantified dengue viremia from participants with hospitalized VCD were comparable between groups.
Conclusions
CYD-TDV demonstrated robust protection against hospitalized and severe VCD over the entire 6-year follow-up in participants who were seropositive and ≥9 years old. Protection was also observed in seropositive 6–8 year-olds.
Clinical Trials Registration: NCT00842530, NCT01983553, NCT01373281, NCT01374516.
Wound healing is a dynamic and complicated process containing overlapping phases. Presently, definitive therapy is not available, and the investigation into optimal wound care is influenced by the ...efficacy and cost-effectiveness of developing therapies. Accumulating evidence demonstrated the potential role of mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) therapy in several tissue injuries and diseases due to their high proliferation and differentiation abilities along with an easy collection procedure, low tumorigenesis, and immuno‐privileged status. MSCs have also accelerated wound repair in all phases through their advantageous properties, such as accelerating wound closure, improving re-epithelialization, elevating angiogenesis, suppressing inflammation, and modulating extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In addition, the beneficial therapeutic impacts of MSCs are largely associated with their paracrine functions, including extracellular vesicles (EVs). Exosomes and microvesicles are the two main subgroups of EVs. These vesicles are heterogeneous bilayer membrane structures that contain several proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. EVs have emerged as a promising alternative to stem cell-based therapies because of their lower immunogenicity, tumorigenicity, and ease of management. MSCs from various sources have been widely investigated in skin wound healing and regeneration. Considering these features, in this review, we highlighted recent studies that the investigated therapeutic potential of various MSCs and MSC-EVs in skin damages and wounds.
The species Cordia verbenacea DC (Boraginaceae), known as the whaling herb and camaradinha, is a perennial shrub species native to the Atlantic Forest. Its leaves are used in folk medicine as an ...anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiulcerogenic and curative agent, in the form of teas or infusions for internal or topical use. The present study aimed to verify the cytotoxicity of the essential oil and the leishmanicidal and trypanocidal potential of C. verbenacea. The essential oil was characterized by GC-MS. The in vitro biological activity was determined by anti-Leishmania and anti-Trypanosoma assays. The cytotoxixity was determined using mammalian fibroblasts. The C. verbenacea species presented α-pinene (45.71%), β-caryophyllene (18.77%), tricyclo2,2,1-(2.6)heptane (12.56%) as their main compounds. The essential oil exhibited strong cytotoxicity at concentrations below 250 μg/mL (LC50 138.1 μg/mL) in mammalian fibroblasts. The potent anti-trypanosome and anti-promastigote activities occurred from the concentration of 62.5 μg/mL and was considered clinically relevant. The results also demonstrate that at low concentrations (<62.5 μg/mL), the essential oil of C. verbenacea managed to be lethal for these activities. This can be considered an indication of the power used in daily human consumption. Therefore, it can be concluded that the essential oil of C. verbenacea contains a compound with remarkable antiparasitic activities and requires further research.
Tannase catalyses the hydrolysis of gallic acid esters and hydrolysable tannins. This enzyme is produced by plants and microorganisms and it is industrially used as catalysts in the manufacture of ...gallic acid. Also, it is potentially used in beverage and food processing. Two critical factors, production costs and insufficient knowledge of the basic characteristics, physicochemical properties, catalytic characteristics, regulation mechanisms and potential uses, limit the use of tannase at the industrial level. This work reviews the state of critical aspects related to the tannase, emphasizing aspects such as sources, substrates, metabolic regulation mechanisms, physicochemical properties, inhibitors, production, applications and potential uses.
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