El presente trabajo reflexiona en torno a dos cuestiones fundamentales en relación a la litispendencia: su fundamento y el tiempo inicial de la misma. Se pretende demostrar, por un lado, que la razón ...de ser de la litispendencia tiene amparo constitucional y, por otro, que ni el fundamento positivo ni el dogmático que tradicionalmente se han invocado para explicar el momento inicial de la litis sirven para justificar en forma cabal la interpretación sostenida hasta ahora por la jurisprudencia y doctrina nacional predominante.
This paper reflects on two fundamental questions in relation to Litis pendentia: its basis and its initial time. It is intended to demonstrate, on the one hand, that the rationale of Litis pendentia has constitutional protection and, on the other hand, that neither the positive nor the dogmatic grounds that have been invoked to justify the initial time of the lis pendens serve to fully explain the interpretation held so far by the prevailing national jurisprudence and doctrine.
El propósito del artículo es analizar los principios de gestión de la calidad en estudios a distancia de universidades privadas en el estado Zulia. La investigación es descriptiva con diseño ...transeccional, no experimental y de campo. La población estuvo conformada por las universidades privadas con modalidad de estudios a distancia ubicadas en el estado Zulia. Los informantes claves fueron decanos, directores de escuelas, supervisores y coordinadores de Estudios a Distancia abordados mediante un instrumento de recolección de datos con 69 ítems relacionados directamente a la variable, dimensiones e indicadores. Este instrumento se sometió a validez por el juicio de cinco expertos y a través del método Alfa de Cronbach se obtuvo confiabilidad de 0,97. Para el análisis cuantitativo, se presentaron los resultados en tablas de frecuencias. Se concluyó que los principios de gestión de la calidad están presentes de manera muy favorable en las direcciones de estudios a distancia de universidades privadas del estado Zulia.
The application of methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as a green catalyst for the production of alkylate gasoline was successfully attained in the liquid (batch pressure reactor) and gas phase (1 atm, glass ...reactor, with MSA supported on silica gel) using real refinery hydrocarbon mixtures containing isobutane and butenes. The product quality was monitored by gas and liquid chromatography, yielding octane (C8s) selectivity of up to 92% in the gas phase and 70% in the liquid phase. The reaction temperature and catalyst/hydrocarbon mass ratio were the most influential reaction parameters affecting the conversion and selectivity. The addition of a liquid co-catalyst to MSA negatively affects the quality of the alkylate product, as well as the conversion of butenes. The presence of the silica support, in the gas phase at continuous regime alkylations, allowed us to obtain alkylate gasoline with sustained high conversions and selectivity to C8s at a quality similar or even higher to that obtained with sulfuric acid as the commercial catalyst. Characterization of the supported MSA reveals strong dipole–dipole interactions, revealed through the protonation of the surface –OH groups.
In the present work, the preparation, characterisation, and efficiency of two different silica nanostructures as release vehicles of Cisplatin are reported. The 1-hexadeciltrimethyl-ammonium bromide ...templating agent was used to obtain mesoporous silica nanoparticles which were later loaded with Cisplatin. While sol–gel silica was very fast prepared using an excess of acetic acid during the hydrolysis–condensation reactions of tetraethylorthosilicate and at the same time the Cisplatin was added. Several physicochemical techniques including spectroscopies, electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption were used to characterise the silica nanostructures. An in vitro Cisplatin release test was carried out using artificial cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, the toxicity of all silica nanostructures was tested using the C6 cancer cell line. The spectroscopic results showed the suitable stabilisation of Cisplatin into the two different silica nanostructures. A large surface area was obtained for the mesoporous silica nanoparticles, while low areas were obtained in the silica nanoparticles. Cisplatin was released faster from mesoporous silica channels than from inside of aggregates nanoparticles silica. Cisplatin alone, as well as, cisplatin released from both silica nanostructures exerted a toxic effect on cancer cells. In contrast, both silica structures without the drug did not exert any toxic effect.
El presente trabajo reflexiona en torno al régimen de las medidas cautelares cuando son solicitadas en forma previa al inicio del proceso. En este sentido, se analizan especialmente las condiciones ...bajo las cuales puede ser concedida y mantenida una medida cautelar bajo tales circunstancias y las razones por las cuales dichas condiciones son más rigurosas que las aplicables a las medidas requeridas bajo el régimen general. Finalmente se intentará demostrar que este régimen más riguroso es compatible con el derecho fundamental a la tutela cautelar.
Abstract Two contradictory judgments of the Supreme Court on the admissibility of adhesion to an appeal in a procedure before the Local Court Judge (Juzgado de Policial Local) regulated by Law No. ...18,287 are critically analyzed. Likewise, the admissibility of a complaint appeal is analyzed with respect to the resolution of a Court of Appeals that declares an appeal inadmissible.
Resumen Se analizan en forma crítica dos sentencias contradictorias de la Corte Suprema sobre la procedencia de la adhesión a la apelación procedimiento seguido ante los juzgados de policía local regulado por la Ley n.º 18287. Se estudia, asimismo, la procedencia de un recurso de hecho respecto de la resolución de una Corte de Apelaciones que declara improcedente o inadmisible un recurso de apelación.
We are at a juncture where social responsibility is perceived as a new way of doing citizenship and working for development, which generates interest in various groups of civil society, including ...universities, to strengthen its relevance in society. The objective of this paper is to analyze social responsibility as a strategy in university management. It is a descriptive documentary study, based on a systematic review of articles and texts selected with clearly defined criteria. The results indicate that social responsibility forces to restructure and rethink the university tasks in the 21st century, so that it can be at the forefront of the processes of transformation and change with scientific, technological, social and cultural orientation. It is concluded that under the strategy of university social responsibility it is possible to perceive the social, economic, political and welfare needs that are poorly met and require solutions, managing to articulate teaching, research and extension, with a view to strengthening the university-environment linkage.
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