The dynamics of mesophilic and thermophilic bacterial population was studied in the bulk soil and rhizosphere of the grass Aristida adscensionis L. in a caatinga of the semi-arid Brazilian Northeast. ...Mesophilic heterotrophic bacteria, sporeforming bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly more abundant than thermophiles, and their counts were 10(6) - 10(7) CFU g-1 dry soil, showing weak fluctuations over the one-year study period. Thermophiles were below 10(6) CFU g-1 dry soil and, in general, demonstrated stronger fluctuations over the studied period. Among them, thermophilic actinomycetes showed the greatest decline during the dry season. No significant differences in microbial number were observed between bulk and rhizosphere soil. Mesophilic bacteria were represented mainly by Gram positive, filamentous organisms (actinomycetes) and by Gram positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped organisms. All isolates of thermophilic bacteria were Gram positive, endospore-forming rods. Most of mesophilic isolates produced amylases and proteases, and 38% of isolates produced all studied extracellular enzymes: amylases, proteases, cellulases and chitinases. Among thermophilic bacteria, all isolates showed proteolytic activity and 77% produced amylases, but no one produced cellulases or chitinases.
A dinâmica das populações bacterianas meso e termofílicas foi estudada no solo sem raízes e rizosférico associado à gramínea Aristida adscensionis L. na caatinga da zona semi árida do nordeste brasileiro. As bactérias totais heterotróficas, as bactérias esporuladoras e actinomicetos mesofílicos foram significativamente mais abundantes que os termofílicos, suas contagens variando na ordem de 10(6) - 10(7) UFC g-1 de solo seco, apresentando flutuações discretas ao longo de um período de um ano. Microrganismos termófilos foram encontrados numa ordem de 10(6) UFC g-1 de solo seco e demonstraram, em geral, flutuações mais evidentes durante o mesmo período de estudo. Entre os termófilos, os actinomicetos apresentaram um maior declínio durante a estação seca. Nenhuma diferença significativa no número de microrganismos foi observada entre o solo rizosférico e o solo não rizosférico. As bactérias mesofílicas mais observadas foram as filamentosas Gram positivas (actinomicetos) e os bastonetes esporulantes Gram positivos. Todos os isolados termofílicos foram bactérias esporuladoras Gram positivas em forma de bacilo. A maioria dos isolados mesofílicos produziu amilases e proteases, enquanto que 38% das linhagens produziram todas as enzimas extracelulares estudadas: amilases, proteases, celulases e quitinases. Entre as bactérias termofílicas, todos os isolados apresentaram atividade proteolítica e 77% produziram amilases, mas nenhum produziu quitinases ou celulases.
The oil obtained from the Caryocar coriaceum Wittm. (pequi) fruit pulp (C. coriaceum fixed oil – CCFO), rich in fatty acids, has been secularly employed by traditional medicine in the treatment of ...respiratory affections, skin inflammation, and wounds. These observations encouraged us to investigate the antimicrobial activity of CCFO and to investigate its effect in combination with aminoglycosides. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CCFO alone and associated with aminoglycosides against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains were determined using microdilution assay. CCFO alone had a MIC of 512 µg/mL against E. coli and S. aureus resistant strains. Combining the CCFO with aminoglycosides reduced the MIC of aminoglycosides against the resistant strains of E. coli and S. aureus. The results obtained indicate that CCFO displays a significant synergistic antibiotic effect when combined with aminoglycosides, demonstrating that the oil constituents (fatty acids) may act as potentiators of the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides. These properties make CCFO oil an interesting alternative as a remedy or nutraceutical against multiresistant bacteria, preventing the development of resistance by these microorganisms.
Practical applications: This article demonstrates the capacity of the C. coriaceum oil to enhance the antibiotic activity of aminoglycosides. This activity could represent a new way to combat the growing bacterial resistance to antibiotics, an important problem of public health.
Multi-resistantmicroorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida tropicalis e Candida krusei are the main causes of microbial infections. Padina ...sanctae-crucis is a seaweed often used to check the contamination of ecosystems by materials such as heavy metals, but studies of the antimicrobial activity of the same seaweed were not found.
The tests for the minimum inhibitory concentration and modulation of microbial resistance, with the use of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Padina Sanctae-cruces combined with drugs of the class of aminoglycosides and antifungal were used to evaluate the activity against the cited microorganisms.
Was observed a modulation of antibiotic activity between the natural products and the E. coli and S. aureus strains, indicating a synergism and antagonism respectively.
The results showed a moderate modulatory effect against some microorganisms studied.
(syn.
) (Lamiaceae Family) has been used to treat several conditions such as gastrointestinal disorders, skin infections, nasal congestion, fever and cramps. The objective of this study was to ...evaluate the chemical composition, analgesic and anti-inflammatory profiles of ethanol extract from leaves of
(EEB). HPLC-DAD was used to determine the fingerprint chromatogram of the extract. Male Swiss mice were orally pretreated with EEB (100, 200 or 400 mg/kg; 60 min before initiating algesic stimulation) and antinociceptive activity was assessed using the acetic acid-induced writhing model, formalin test and hyperalgesia induced by glutamate or capsaicin. Also, peritonitis was induced by the intrathoracic injection of carrageenan to quantify the total number of leukocytes. The presence of phenolic compounds in the extract was confirmed using HPLC-DAD. The treatment with EEB, at all doses, produced a significant analgesic effect against acetic acid-induced antinociceptive activity. In the formalin test, only the 400-mg/kg-dose of EEB had a significant effect in the first phase. However, all doses tested were able to reverse nociception in the second phase. The effect of all doses of EEB also showed a significant antinociceptive effect in the glutamate and capsaicin tests and inhibited the carrageenan-induced leukocyte migration to the peritoneal cavity. The present study suggests that the EEB possesses peripheral analgesic action and showed potential in reducing the spreading of the inflammatory processes. Also, it seems to be related with vanilloid and glutamate receptors.
Candidiasis is the most frequent infection by opportunistic fungi such as Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. Ethanol extract from Eugenia uniflora was assayed, for its ...antifungal activity, either alone or combined with four selected chemotherapeutic antimicrobial agents, including anphotericin B, mebendazole, nistatin, and metronidazole against these strains. The obtained results indicated that the association of the extract of E. uniflora to metronidazole showed a potential antifungal activity against C. tropicalis. However, no synergistic activity against the other strains was observed, as observed when the extract was associated with the other, not enhancing their antifungal activity.
The species Croton rhamnifolioides is a shrub popularly known as "quebra faca", utilized in teas or infusions for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders as ulcers, gastric discomfort, vomiting ...and hemorrhagic diarrhea. This work has as its main objective to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oil of the Croton rhamnifolioides leaves (EOC), antibacterial activity and modulatory activity of antibiotic resistance, against bacterial strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and, and antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. The chemical composition was determined through chromatography with a gas phase coupled with mass spectrometry (CG/MS), whereas antimicrobial activity and modulation were determined by microdilution assay. The chemical composition of the oil revealed 21 compounds, with the major compounds being spathulenol (22.46%) and 1,8-cineol (18.32%). The antimicrobial activity was not significant with MIC>1024 µg/mL, however, was observed a synergistic interference when essential oil associated with the antibiotics aminoglycoside and β-lactam, and the antifungal polyene.
Background. Duguetia furfuracea is popular plant used in popular medicine. Hypothesis/Purpose. This claim evaluated the phytochemical composition of the hydroethanolic extract (HEDF), fractions of ...Duguetia furfuracea, and antioxidant and antifungal activity. Methods. The chemical profile was carried out by HPLC-DAD. The total phenolic contents and flavonoid components were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminium chloride reaction. The antioxidant activity was measured by scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) methods. The antifungal activity was determined by microdilution assay. Results. HPLC analysis revealed caffeic acid and rutin as major compounds (HEDF), caffeic acid and quercitrin (Mt-OH fraction), and quercitrin and isoquercitrin (Ac-OEt fraction). The highest levels of phenols and total flavonoids were found for Ac-OEt fraction, and the crude extract showed higher in vitro antioxidant potential. The antifungal activity showed synergic effect with fluconazole and EHDF against C. krusei, fluconazole and Mt-OH against C. krusei and C. tropicalis, and Ac-OE and fluconazole against C. albicans. Conclusion. The highest levels of phenols and total flavonoids were marked with antioxidant effect. This is the first report of bioactivity of the synergic effect of HEDF and fractions. More studies would be required to better clarify its mechanism of synergic action.
With the increase of neglected diseases such as leishmaniasis and Chagas disease, there was a need for the search for new therapeutic alternatives that reduce the harm caused by medicine available ...for treatment. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the antiparasitic activity of the essential oil from the fruits of
Jacq, against lines of
(MHOM/CO/88/UA301),
(MHOM/ES/92/BCN83) and
(LC-B5 clone). Before running protocols, an analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil was conducted, which presented monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. As major constituents, β-pinene and α-pinene were identified. Regarding to antiparasitic activity, the essential oil had an EC
values of 133.97 µg/mL and 143.59 µg/mL against variations promastigotes of
and
, respectively. As for trypanocidal activity, the oil showed EC
value of 140.31 µg/mL against epimastigote form of
. Moreover, it showed moderate cytotoxicity in fibroblasts with LC
value of 204.71 µg/mL. The observed effect may be related to the presence of terpenes contained in the essential oil, since it has its antiparasitic activity proven in the literature.
The antibacterial and synergistic activity of the ethanol extract from Hyptis martiusii Benth. was assayed by microdillution. The growth of two isolates of Escherichia coli tested was inhibited by ...the extract. The minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) values ranged from 512 and >1024 microg/ml for the E. coli 27 and 1024 and > 1024 microg/ml for the E. coli ATCC8539, respectively. A synergism between this extract and all aminoglycosides assayed was demonstrated. In the same form synergism between chlorpromazine and kanamycin, amikacin and tobramycin was observed, indicating the involvement of an efflux system. Extracts from H. martiusii could be used as a source of plant derived natural products with modifying antibiotic activity and these products may interact and affect multidrug resistance systems (MDR) as efflux pumps.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study evaluates the radical-scavenging activity of five plants used as food and medicines in the northeastern region of Brazil.
Spectrophotometric analysis of the plants' ethanol extracts was ...carried out. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl) test. The antioxidant capacity was measured using ascorbic acid as a positive control.
All tested plant extracts showed an antioxidant activity, but the highest activity was observed with the extracts of Momordica charantia and Eugenia jambolana.
Therefore, these species must be studied as a putative source of products for use in the prevention and treatment of diseases in which oxidants or free radicals are implicated.
PDF
