Introdução: Combinações múltiplas de drogas estão sendo utilizadas no combate à disseminação de bactérias patogênicas resistentes a antibióticos. No entanto, a utilização incorreta desses ...antibióticos fez com que algumas bactérias sejam selecionadas, deixando apenas as resistentes aos agentes antimicrobianos, com o consequente surgimento de resistência aos antibióticos. Objetivos: Nesse contexto, avaliaram-se as atividades microbiológicas dos antibióticos claritromicina, gentamicina, ciprofloxacino e imipenem, além de comparar as atividades da associação entre esses fármacos, frente às cepas bacterianas de Escherichia coli e Staphylococcus aureus. Materiais e Métodos: A Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) foi realizada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo para cada uma das amostras selecionadas. Posteriormente, com base nos valores das cims, foi avaliado o efeito antimicrobiano da combinação das drogas pelo método de modulação. Resultados: A associação demonstrou efeitos sinérgicos frente às linhagens testadas, sugerindo-se que a associação dos antibióticos testados aumenta o seu potencial antimicrobiano. Conclusão: Nesse sentido, o uso de antibióticos em combinação pode ser realizado mediante investigações posteriores que comprovem a segurança de seu uso.
•The detailed analysis of the reports revealed that plants are indispensable to face different cancers;.•Fifty plants were selected in this study based on their potent anticancer compounds;.•In vitro ...studies showed cancer cell inhibition through DNA damage and activation of apoptosis-inducing enzymes;.
Cancer being a life treating ailment is the second reason of death universally. The growing threats of medication-resistant cancers indicates an crucial need for the improvement of more effective anticancer agents. Herbal medication offers very reasonable alternate to modern medicine against cancer. The investigation of natural products is a valued method for the detection and expansion of newer biologically dynamic compounds having exclusive assemblies and pathways. This work reviews certain medicinal plant with active phytochemicals, methodology of researches and their pharmacological characteristics. This work is created after careful literature review directed through relevant exploration of keywords in Clarivate Analytical, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, MDPI, and Google Academic. This study was planned to accumulate the record of plants having anticancer activity and the evidences supporting their usage in cancer treatment. Fifty plants were selected based on their potenty as anticancer compounds. The thorough research studies exposed that plants and its phytochemicals can play a crucial role against oral, breast, lung, cervical, colon, stomach, hepatic cancers. The in vitro researches displayed that the plant secondary metabolites in extracts causes inhibition of cancer cell through DNA mutilation as well as stimulation of apoptosis-tempting enzymes in different models.
Leishmaniasis is caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania. Recent reports about leishmaniasis show a few number of drugs available, indicating the necessity of new drugs. In this study, the ...ethanol extract and fractions of Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) link. (Pteridaceae) were assayed to verify the cytotoxicity and in vitro leishmanicidal activity against promastigote forms of Leishmania brasiliensis. The cytotoxic assay was performed using fibroblasts NCTC929. The studies indicated a leishmanicidal effect of the ethanol extract and the ethyl-acetate fraction. However, a high cytotoxic effect was observed. The hexane and methanol fractions did not show leishmanicidal activity, nor cytotoxic effect. The phytochemical screening detected the presence of alkaloids, a class of secondary metabolites with a known leishmanicidal activity. This is the first study reporting an anti-Leishmania and cytotoxic effect of P. calomelanos, being an interesting approach in the search for drugs against this disease.
This study was aimed at investigating the phytochemical constituents, antifungal properties and antibiotic-modifying activity of the aqueous crude extract and fractions of
Amburana cearensis
seeds ...(CEFAC). The CEFAC were chemically characterized by LC–MS/MS–QTOF. In addition, the antifungal activity was assayed by the microdilution method against strains of
Candida albicans
. The phytochemical profile of CEFAC exhibited phenolic compounds, organic acids, and polyphenols. The results of the assessment of antifungal activity reveled an IC
50
ranging from 45.6 to 2048 µg/mL. Interestingly, when CEFAC was associated with Fluconazole, we evidenced a decreased IC
50
(1.81–11.9 µg/mL), suggesting a synergism with antibiotic. It was possible to identify in the crude extract and fractions several phenolic compounds, organic acids, and some polyphenols in positive ionization mode. These results suggest that CEFAC may present compounds with the ability to interact and act synergistically with antimicrobial drugs, highlighting its potential as an alternative source for the development of new antimicrobial agents.
Context: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a public health problem. Currently, chemotherapy is the only available treatment for this disease, and the drugs used, nifurtimox and ...benzonidazol, present high toxicity levels. An alternative for replacing these drugs are natural extracts from Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) used in traditional medicine because of their antimicrobial and biological activities.
Objective: In this study, we evaluated the extract of M. charantia for its antiepimastigote, antifungal, and cytotoxic activities.
Materials and methods: An ethanol extract of leaves from M. charantia was prepared. To research in vitro antiepimastigote activity, T. cruzi CL-B5 clone was used. Epimastigotes were inoculated at a concentration of 1 × 105 cells/mL in 200 µl tryptose-liver infusion. For the cytotoxicity assay, J774 macrophages were used. The antifungal activity was evaluated by microdilution using strains of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei.
Results: The effective concentration capable of killing 50% of parasites (IC50) was 46.06 µg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was ≤ 1024 µg/mL. Metronidazole showed a potentiation of its antifungal effect when combined with an extract of M. charantia.
Conclusions: Our results indicate that M. charantia could be a source of plant-derived natural products with antiepimastigote and antifungal-modifying activity with moderate toxicity.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Context: The toad Rhinella jimi (Stevaux, 2002) (Bufonidae) is used in traditional medicine to treat a number of illnesses (inflammation, infections, and wounds) in humans as well as ...animals.
Objectives: The present work examined the antimicrobial actions of the extracted oils from the body fat of R. jimi (ORJ) against fungi and standard and multi-resistant lines of bacteria, as well as their effects when combined with aminoglycosides.
Materials and methods: The toads were collected in the municipality of Exu in Pernambuco State, Brazil, and their body fat oils extracted in a Soxhlet apparatus using hexane. A gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer was used to identify the fatty acids, based on their methyl esters. The antimicrobial activities of the oil were analyzed against standard and multi-resistant lines of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as against fungal lines of Candida albicans and Candida krusei using the broth micro-dilution method.
Results: The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of ORJ were 512 µg/mL for Candida krusei and 1024 µg/mL for the other microorganisms. When associated with amikacin, ORJ demonstrated an increase in its ability to inhibit E. coli growth (from 156.25 to 39.06 µg/mL), indicating synergistic interaction. In the same way, when allied with amikacin, gentamicin, and neomycin, the ORJ reduced the MICs meaningly, against P. aeruginosa.
Conclusions: These data will enable searches to be made to obtain new products in combination with antibiotics, enhancing the efficacy of these drugs against drug-resistant microorganisms.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Dealing with uncertain data requires effective methods to properly describe their real meaning in terms of a tradeoff between interpretability and generality on the process of knowledge formation ...based on data abstraction. This article proposes an online granulation process based on evolving ellipsoidal fuzzy information granules (EEFIG) and the principle of justifiable granularity (PJG) for data streams parameterization. The granulation process consists in the information granule development taking into consideration the data stream with a simplified optimal granularity allocation. In the sequel, an evolving Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model based on the ellipsoidal granules is proposed for data reconstruction and one-step ahead prediction from past data numerical evidence. Experimental studies concerning clustering, data granulation, and time-series forecasting are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Mercury is a very dangerous metal when humans come into contact with it, whether through the air or skin or by ingestion. The aim of this work was to investigate the possible effects of the ethanol ...extract and fractions of Lygodium venustum Sw. against mercurium chloride toxicity towards Escherichia coli strain ATCC25922. The polyphenols and flavonoids present in the extract and fractions were quantified in mg equivalent of gallic acid/g sample and mg equivalent of quercetin/g sample, respectively. The in vitro FRAP method demonstrated the antioxidant activity of the samples. The antibacterial activity of the natural products was evaluated by microdilution method and by assays to elucidate the possible cytoprotective action when combining the natural products samples and mercurium chloride, utilizing the extract and fractions at a subinhibitory concentration. The results obtained in this work indicate that the ethanol extract and fractions of L. venustum are an alternative source of natural products with cytoprotective action, where this protection is correlated with antioxidant and chelating activity, due to the presence of total phenols and flavonoids.
The search for new active compounds from the Brazilian flora has intensified in recent years, especially for new drugs with antibiotic potential. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine ...whether riachin has antibiotic activity in itself or is able to modulate the activity of conventional antibiotics.
A non-cyanogenic cyanoglycoside known as riachin was isolated from Bauhinia pentandra, and was tested alone and in combination with three antibiotics (clindamycin, amikacin, and gentamicin) against multiresistant bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus).
Riachin did not show significant antibiotic activity when tested alone against any strain (P>0.05). However, when combined with conventional antibiotics, it showed drug-modifying activity against strains of S. aureus exposed to clindamycin (P<0.001) as well as against P. aeruginosa exposed to amikacin (P<0.001). Although riachin did not show direct antibiotic activity, it had synergistic activity when combined with amikacin or clindamycin. The mechanism of action of this synergism is under investigation.
The results of this work demonstrate that some substances of natural origin can enhance the effectiveness of certain antibiotics, which means a substantial reduction in the drug dose required and possibly in consequent adverse events for patients.
Aloysia gratissima (Verbenaceae), popularly known as bee-brush or whitebrush, has been widely used in Brazilian folk medicine as analgesic, expectorant and antimicrobial. Phytochemical studies have ...identified β-caryophyllene as one of the major components of the essential oil of this plant. This bioactive sesquiterpene has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities.
The present study aimed to characterize the chemical profile and evaluate the antibacterial and antibiotic-enhancing activities of the essential oil obtained from Aloysia gratíssima (EOAG) and β-caryophyllene.
The phytochemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa 24, Staphylococcus aureus 10, and Escherichia coli 06 was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the broth microdilution method. The potentiation of the antibiotic activity by the EOAG and the β-caryophyllene was performed using the MIC evaluation of the antibiotic alone or in association with the essential oil and its main compound. To evaluate the minimum reduction of the drug concentration necessary, the Dose Reduction Index (DRI) was calculated.
A reduction in the MIC of the antibiotics against strains treated simultaneously with the essential oil or β-caryophyllene was observed. The GC-MS analysis of the EOAG identified 30 compounds, including β-caryophyllene as the major component. Both OEAG and β-caryophyllene presented antibacterial activity against S. aureus, in addition to potentiating the action of norfloxacin against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli.
These substances also reversed the antibiotic resistance to gentamicin and erythromycin against of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa, respectively.
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