The outbreak of human infection due to the novel swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus began in Mexico in March 2009. As of July 6, 2009, more than 94,000 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in ...over 100 countries, including 7983 cases in Canada. In this report, we describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of the first cluster of reported cases of human-to-human transmission of the new influenza virus in Canada.
Numerous studies have shown that baseball players develop range of motion adaptations in their throwing arm. While some of these shoulder range of motion adaptations can lead to greater throwing ...velocity, excessive changes in shoulder range of motion can increase the risk of injury to the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL).
The purpose of this study was to compare the passive GH-ABD ROM measures of baseball players with a diagnosed UCL tear (UCL group) to a group of age, activity, and position matched healthy controls (CONT group). The primary hypothesis was that baseball players with an UCL tear would have a greater loss of passive glenohumeral abduction range of motion in their throwing shoulder than healthy controls. A secondary hypothesis was that baseball players with an UCL tear would demonstrate similar glenohumeral abduction range of motion in their non-throwing arm and increased side-to-side glenohumeral abduction differences compared to the healthy cohort.
Retrospective prospective case-control study.
The UCL group had significantly greater glenohumeral abduction range of motion on their throwing shoulder (132.5 °±8.3 °) than the CONT group (120.19 °±11.2 °, p = 0.000). Similarly, the UCL group had increased glenohumeral abduction range of motion on their non-throwing shoulder (141.2 °±9.5 °) compared to the CONT group (124.1 °±11.4 °, p = 0.000). Additionally, the UCL group had a greater glenohumeral abduction difference (-8.7 °±8.4 °) than the CONT group (-3.8 °±7.7 °, p = 0.001).
In contrast to the original hypotheses, high school and collegiate baseball players that sustained an UCL injury presented with greater glenohumeral abduction range of motion in both their throwing and non-throwing shoulders compared to healthy controls. However, the finding of greater side-to-side glenohumeral abduction range of motion deficits in the UCL group when compared to the matched healthy controls confirms the secondary hypothesis.
Level 3.
The Philosophy Book explains more than one hundred of the greatest ideas in philosophy through clear, succinct text and easy-to-follow graphics. Using straightforward graphics and artworks, as well ...as thoroughly accessible text that elucidates more than two thousand years of philosophical thought, The Philosophy Book makes abstract concepts concrete. From moral ethics to the philosophies of religions, The Philosophy Book sheds a light on the famous ideas and thinkers from the ancient world through the present day. Including theories from Pythagoras to Voltaire and Mary Wollstonecraft to Noam Chomsky, The Philosophy Book offers anyone with an interest in philosophy an essential resource to the great philosophers and the views that have shaped our society.
This perspective documents current thinking around climate actions in Canada by synthesizing scholarly proposals made by Sustainable Canada Dialogues (SCD), an informal network of scholars from all ...10 provinces, and by reviewing responses from civil society representatives to the scholars’ proposals. Motivated by Canada’s recent history of repeatedly missing its emissions reduction targets and failing to produce a coherent plan to address climate change, SCD mobilized more than 60 scholars to identify possible pathways towards a low-carbon economy and sustainable society and invited civil society to comment on the proposed solutions. This perspective illustrates a range of Canadian ideas coming from many sectors of society and a wealth of existing inspiring initiatives. Solutions discussed include climate change governance, low-carbon transition, energy production, and consumption. This process of knowledge synthesis/creation is novel and important because it provides a working model for making connections across academic fields as well as between academia and civil society. The process produces a holistic set of insights and recommendations for climate change actions and a unique model of engagement. The different voices reported here enrich the scope of possible solutions, showing that Canada is brimming with ideas, possibilities, and the will to act.
Introduces key terms, research traditions, debates, and their histories, and offers a sense of the new frontiers and questions emerging in the field of media studies
Keywords for Media ...Studiesintroduces and aims to advance the field of critical media studies by tracing, defining, and problematizing its established and emergent terminology. The book historicizes thinking about media and society, whether that means noting a long history of "new media," or tracing how understandings of media "power" vary across time periods and knowledge formations.Bringing together an impressive group of established scholars from television studies, film studies, sound studies, games studies, and more, each of the 65 essays in the volume focuses on a critical concept, from "fan" to "industry," and "celebrity" to "surveillance."Keywords for Media Studiesis an essential tool that introduces key terms, research traditions, debates, and their histories, and offers a sense of the new frontiers and questions emerging in the field of media studies.
Visitkeywords.nyupress.orgfor online essays, teaching resources, and more.
The Routledge History of American Sport provides the first comprehensive overview of historical research in American sport from the early Colonial period to the present day. Considering sport through ...innovative themes and topics such as the business of sport, material culture and sport, the political uses of sport, and gender and sport, this text offers an interdisciplinary analysis of American leisure. Rather than moving chronologically through American history or considering the historical origins of each sport, these topics are dealt with organically within thematic chapters, emphasizing the influence of sport on American society.
The volume is divided into eight thematic sections that include detailed original essays on particular facets of each theme. Focusing on how sport has influenced the history of women, minorities, politics, the media, and culture, these thematic chapters survey the major areas of debate and discussion. The volume offers a comprehensive view of the history of sport in America, pushing the field to consider new themes and approaches as well.
Including a roster of contributors renowned in their fields of expertise, this ground-breaking collection is essential reading for all those interested in the history of American sport.
Background
Intensive case management is commonly advocated for the care of the severely mentally ill, but evidence of its cost-effectiveness is lacking.
Aims
To investigate the cost-effectiveness of ...intensive compared with standard case management for patients with severe psychosis.
Method
708 patients with psychosis and a history of repeated hospital admissions were randomly allocated to standard (case-loads 30–35) or intensive (case-loads 10–15) case management. Clinical and resource use data were assessed over two years.
Results
No statistically significant difference was found between intensive and standard case management in the total two-year costs of care per patient (means £24 550 and £22 700, respectively, difference £1850, 95% Cl – £1600 to £5300). There was no evidence of differential effects in African–Caribbean patients or in the most disabled. Psychiatric in-patient hospital stay accounted for 47% of the total costs, but neither such hospitalisation nor other clinical outcomes differed between the randomised groups.
Conclusion
Reduced case-loads have no clear beneficial effect on costs, clinical outcome or cost-effectiveness. The policy of advocating intensive case management for patients with severe psychosis is not supported by these results.
Acute home treatment services, providing short-term intensive input as an alternative to in-patient admission, have been recommended by the Department of Health as part of a spectrum of care. The ...lack of research evidence for such services is in contrast to acute day hospital care which has been better researched, but not widely adopted. This paper compares the patients treated in a randomised controlled trial (RCT) of day hospital vs. in-patient care with patients treated several years later in the home treatment service which developed from the original acute day hospital.
In the original RCT, patients were randomised at the point of admission to day hospital or in-patient care. The home treatment sample consisted of a consecutive series of admissions. Severity of illness was assessed at admission using the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Both samples were followed up for 12 months to monitor service use and costs.
Symptom severity among the home treatment sample (n = 71) was greater than the day hospital sample (n = 94) (mean CPRS score 31.6 vs. 25.5, p < 0.0001). This difference remained significant following adjustment for other socio-demographic and illness variables. Secondary care costs for the home treatment sample (including in-patient, home treatment and out-patient costs) were intermediate between the costs for the day hospital and in-patient samples from the RCT, but the differences were not statistically significant.
Extending the remit of an acute day hospital to provide 24-h care and a choice of treatment location is associated with an increase in the severity of illness treated. The impact on costs is unclear and the total cost of the new service may not be significantly less than in-patient care. The results need to be interpreted with caution because of differences in recruitment methods.
With clear, critical, and constructive surveys of key terms by leading researchers in the field, The Dictionary of Human Geography, fifth edition, remains the definitive guide to the concepts and ...debates in human geography. Comprehensively revised new edition of a highly successful text with over 300 key terms appearing for the first timeSituates Human Geography within the humanities, social sciences and sciences as a wholeWritten by leading experts in the fieldMajor entries not only describe the development of concepts, contributions and debates in Human Geography but also advance themFeatures a new consolidated bibliography along with a detailed index and systematic cross-referencing of headwords
America is a nation making itself up as it goes along--a story of discovery and invention unfolding in speeches and images, letters and poetry, unprecedented feats of scholarship and imagination. In ...more than 200 original essays, this history brings together the nation's many voices.
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