The influx of military Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) returning to college following active military service presents an unmanageable trend for many secondary educational ...institutions in the United States. The current study aimed to determine relationships among rumination, resilience, mindfulness, and perceived PTSD symptoms in college student Veterans. To this end, 133 college student military Veterans registered in a U.S. university responded to an online survey. Results revealed that rumination has a direct effect on perceived PTSD symptoms and mediates the relationship between mindfulness and perceived PTSD symptoms, and that resilience moderates the relationship between mindfulness and perceived PTSD symptoms through rumination as the mediator. These findings imply that designing and developing mindfulness-based interventions for college student Veterans with PTSD requires concerted efforts targeted at improving ruminative thinking and enhancing resilience.
(6), 43-50..
Pacifier use can interfere with nurturing care practices such as breastfeeding, soothing, and sleeping. Due to contradicting beliefs, recommendations, and the high frequency of pacifier use, ...understanding its associations may support shaping equitable public health recommendations. This study explored the socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with pacifier use among six-months old infants in Clark County, Nevada.
Cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 with a sample of mothers (n = 276) of infants under six months old in Clark County, Nevada. Participants were recruited through advertisements in birth, lactation, pediatric care centers, and social media. We used binomial and multinomial logistic models to assess the association between pacifier use and the age of pacifier introduction, respectively, with household, maternal, infant, healthcare characteristics, and feeding and sleeping practices.
More than half of the participants offered pacifiers (60.5%). Pacifier use was higher among low-income households (OR (95% CI) 2.06 (0.99-4.27)), mothers who identified as non-Hispanic (OR (95% CI) 2.09 (1.22-3.59)), non-first-time mothers (OR (95% CI) 2.09 (1.11-3.05)), and bottle-feeding infants (OR (95% CI) 2.76 (1.35-5.65)). Compared to those who did not introduce a pacifier, non-Hispanic mothers (RRR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.30-4.21)) and bottle-fed infants (RRR (95% CI) 2.71 (1.29-5.69)) had a higher risk of introducing pacifier within two weeks. Likewise, infants living in food insecure households (RRR (95% CI) 2.53 (0.97-6.58)) and mothers who have more than one child (RRR (95% CI) 2.44 (1.11-5.34)) had a higher risk of introducing a pacifier after two weeks.
Pacifier use is independently associated with maternal income, ethnicity, parity, and bottle feeding among six-month-old infants living in Clark County, Nevada. Household food insecurity increased the relative risk of introducing a pacifier after two weeks. Qualitative research on pacifier use among families with diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds is needed to improve equitable interventions.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ABSTRACTTeramoto, M, Cross, CL, Rieger, RH, Maak, TG, and Willick, SE. Predictive validity of national basketball association draft combine on future performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(2)396–408, ...2018—The National Basketball Association (NBA) Draft Combine is an annual event where prospective players are evaluated in terms of their athletic abilities and basketball skills. Data collected at the Combine should help NBA teams select right the players for the upcoming NBA draft; however, its value for predicting future performance of players has not been examined. This study investigated predictive validity of the NBA Draft Combine on future performance of basketball players. We performed a principal component analysis (PCA) on the 2010–2015 Combine data to reduce correlated variables (N = 234), a correlation analysis on the Combine data and future on-court performance to examine relationships (maximum pairwise N = 217), and a robust principal component regression (PCR) analysis to predict first-year and 3-year on-court performance from the Combine measures (N = 148 and 127, respectively). Three components were identified within the Combine data through PCA (= Combine subscales)length-size, power-quickness, and upper-body strength. As per the correlation analysis, the individual Combine items for anthropometrics, including height without shoes, standing reach, weight, wingspan, and hand length, as well as the Combine subscale of length-size, had positive, medium-to-large–sized correlations (r = 0.313–0.545) with defensive performance quantified by Defensive Box Plus/Minus. The robust PCR analysis showed that the Combine subscale of length-size was a predictor most significantly associated with future on-court performance (p ≤ 0.05), including Win Shares, Box Plus/Minus, and Value Over Replacement Player, followed by upper-body strength. In conclusion, the NBA Draft Combine has value for predicting future performance of players.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third greatest cancer burden in the United States. The remarkably diverse Mountain West state of Nevada has uncharacteristically high CRC mortality compared to other ...Western states. We aimed to study the determinants of the CRC excess burden by using data from the Nevada Central Cancer Registry from 2003-2013. Five-year cause-specific age-adjusted survival from colorectal cancer was calculated and stratified by sex, race/ethnicity and region of Nevada. Cox Proportional Hazards regression modelling was used to study the impact of demographic, social, and clinical factors on CRC survival in Nevada, assessing follow-up as accurately as possible. The extent to which differences in survival can be explained by receipt of stage-appropriate treatment was also assessed. 12,413 CRC cases from 2003-2013 in Nevada were analyzed. Five-year CRC survival was low: 56.0% (95% CI: 54.6-57.5) among males and 59.5% (95% CI: 58.0-61.1) among females; significantly lower than national 5-year survival of 65.1% and 66.5%, respectively. Low survival was driven by populous Southern Nevada; after adjustment for all covariates, Southern Nevadans were at 17% higher risk of death than their counterparts in Northwestern Nevada (HR:1.17; 95% CI:1.08-1.27). Many patients did not receive stage-appropriate treatment, although this only partly explained the poor survival, uniformly low for every race/ethnicity in Nevada. The observed disparity for this one state within a single nation merits public health attention; regardless of the state or region of residence, all Americans deserve equal opportunity for optimum health outcomes in the face of a cancer diagnosis. The current study provides baseline information critical to clinicians, public health professionals, and all relevant stakeholders as they attempt to discern why Nevada's outcomes are vastly divergent from its neighboring Western states and make plans for remediation.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background: Older adults, an increasingly diverse segment of the United States population, are a priority population for prescription painkiller misuse. This study documents trends and correlates of ...prescription painkiller misuse among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults ages 50 and older. Methods: A secondary analysis of adults 50 years and older across 5 cohorts using the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (unweighted n = 16,181, 8.5% Hispanic, and 54% female). Logistic regression modeling with complex survey design was used to examine trends in prescription painkiller misuse. Results: Over time, the prevalence of past year painkiller misuse significantly decreased for Hispanic respondents (56.1% relative decrease, p = 0.02); elevated proportions were observed across strata of demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Variability in the prevalence of painkiller misuse may be explained by demographic characteristics. Further, these results emphasize the importance of addressing comorbid recreational marijuana use when designing interventions to address painkiller misuse for older adults.Background: Older adults, an increasingly diverse segment of the United States population, are a priority population for prescription painkiller misuse. This study documents trends and correlates of prescription painkiller misuse among Hispanic and non-Hispanic adults ages 50 and older. Methods: A secondary analysis of adults 50 years and older across 5 cohorts using the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (unweighted n = 16,181, 8.5% Hispanic, and 54% female). Logistic regression modeling with complex survey design was used to examine trends in prescription painkiller misuse. Results: Over time, the prevalence of past year painkiller misuse significantly decreased for Hispanic respondents (56.1% relative decrease, p = 0.02); elevated proportions were observed across strata of demographic characteristics. Conclusions: Variability in the prevalence of painkiller misuse may be explained by demographic characteristics. Further, these results emphasize the importance of addressing comorbid recreational marijuana use when designing interventions to address painkiller misuse for older adults.
The purpose of the study was to investigate the moderating effect of resilience on the relationship between mindfulness, experiential avoidance, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom ...severity. A cross-sectional study design was used on a sample of 133 college student military veterans. We found a direct effect of mindfulness on PTSD and a significant mediating effect of experiential avoidance on the relationship between mindfulness and PTSD. Resilience also had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between mindfulness and PTSD. This study provides preliminary evidence on the usefulness of integrating resilience development in mindfulness-based interventions for trauma-related disorders.
Limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE) affects similar neuroanatomical networks as Alzheimer disease (AD) and is often comorbid with AD, though frequently missed in clinical ...diagnosis. The primary aim of this study was to elucidate the clinical and cognitive differences at baseline between patients with autopsy-confirmed LATE and patients with AD and comorbid LATE + AD.
Clinical and neuropathologic datasets were requested from the National Alzheimer Coordination Center. Baseline data from individuals older than 75 years during death without neuropathologic indication of frontotemporal lobar degeneration were included in analyses. Pathologically defined groups reflecting LATE, AD, and comorbid LATE + AD were identified. Group differences in clinical characteristics and cognition were explored through analysis of variance and the χ
using measures from the Uniform Data Set measures.
Pathology groups included 31 individuals with LATE (mean age: 80.6 ± 5.4 years), 393 with AD (mean age: 77.8 ± 6.4 years), and 262 with LATE + AD (mean age: 77.8 ± 6.6 years) without significant differences in sex, education, or race. Compared with participants with AD and LATE + AD pathology, participants with LATE pathology lived significantly longer (mean visits: LATE = 7.3 ± 3.7; AD = 5.8 ± 3.0; and LATE + AD = 5.8 ± 3.0;
(2,683) = 3.7,
< 0.05), reported later onset of cognitive decline (mean onset: LATE = 78.8 ± 5.7; AD = 72.5 ± 7.0; and LATE + AD = 72.9 ± 7.0;
(2,516) = 6.2,
< 0.01), and were more likely to be diagnosed as cognitively normal at baseline (LATE = 41.9%; AD = 25.4%; and LATE + AD = 12%; χ
= 38.7,
< 0.001). Individuals with LATE (45.2%) also reported fewer memory complaints than those with AD (74.4%) or LATE + AD (66.4%; χ
= 13.3,
= 0.001) and were less likely to be classified as impaired on the Mini-Mental State Examination (LATE = 6.5%; AD = 24.2%; and LATE + AD = 40.1%; χ
= 29.20,
< 0.001). Across all neuropsychological measures, participants with LATE + AD pathology performed significantly worse than the AD and LATE groups.
Those with LATE pathology were older when cognitive symptoms began and lived longer than participants with AD or LATE + AD pathology. Participants with LATE pathology were also more likely to be classified as "cognitively normal" based on objective screening and self-report measures, and they had higher scores on neuropsychological testing. Consistent with prior literature, comorbid pathologies led to more significant cognitive and functional impairment. Early disease characteristics based on clinical presentation alone were insufficient for differentiating LATE from AD, reiterating the need for a validated biomarker.
Abstract Objectives Injury management is critical in the National Basketball Association (NBA), as players experience a wide variety of injuries. Recently, it has been suggested that game schedules, ...such as back-to-back games and four games in five days, increase the risk of injuries in the NBA. The aim of this study was to examine the association between game schedules and player injuries in the NBA. Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The present study analyzed game injuries and game schedules in the 2012–13 through 2014–15 regular seasons. Game injuries by game schedules and players’ profiles were examined using an exact binomial test, the Fisher’s exact test and the Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test. A Poisson regression analysis was performed to predict the number of game injuries sustained by each player from game schedules and injured players’ profiles. Results There were a total of 681 cases of game injuries sustained by 280 different players during the three years (total N = 1443 players). Playing back-to-back games or playing four games in five days alone was not associated with an increased rate of game injuries, whereas a significant positive association was found between game injuries and playing away from home ( p < 0.05). Playing back-to-back games and away games were significant predictors of frequent game injuries ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Game schedules could be one factor that impacts the risk of game injuries in the NBA. The findings could be useful for designing optimal game schedules in the NBA as well as helping NBA teams make adjustments to minimize game injuries.
Due to current limitations in diagnosing Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) clinically, Traumatic Encephalopathy Syndrome (TES) has been proposed as the clinical presentation of suspected CTE. ...This study aimed to determine whether there was an association between a clinical diagnosis of TES and subsequent temporal decline in cognitive or MRI volumetric measures.
This was a secondary analysis of the Professional Athletes Brain Health Study, inclusive of active and retired professional fighters over the age of 34. All athletes were adjudicated as TES positive (TES+) or negative (TES-) based on the 2021 clinical criteria. General linear mixed models were used to compare MRI regional brain volumes and cognitive performance between groups.
A total of 130 fighters met inclusion criteria for consensus conference. Of these, 52 fighters (40%) were adjudicated as TES+. Athletes with a TES+ diagnosis were older and had significantly lower education. Statistically significant interactions and between-group total mean differences were found in all MRI volumetric measurements among TES+ compared to the TES- group. The rate of volumetric change indicated a significantly greater increase for lateral (estimate= 5196.65; 95% CI= 2642.65, 7750.66) and inferior lateral ventricles (estimate= 354.28; 95% CI= 159.90, 548.66) and a decrease for the hippocampus (estimate = -385.04, 95% CI= -580.47, -189.62), subcortical gray matter (estimate= -4641.08; 95% CI= -6783.98, -2498.18), total gray matter (estimate= -26492.00; 95% CI= -50402.00, -2582.32), and posterior corpus callosum (estimate= -147.98; 95% CI= -222.33, -73.62). Likewise, the rate of cognitive decline was significantly greater for reaction time (estimate= 56.31; 95% CI= 26.17, 86.45) and other standardized cognitive scores in the TES+ group.
The 2021 TES criteria clearly distinguishes group differences in the longitudinal presentation of volumetric loss in select brain regions and cognitive decline among professional fighters 35 and over. This study suggests that a TES diagnosis may be useful in professional sports beyond football, such as boxing and mixed martial arts. These findings further suggest that the application of TES criteria may be valuable clinically in predicting cognitive decline.
ABSTRACTTeramoto, M, Cross, CL, and Willick, SE. Predictive value of National Football League scouting combine on future performance of running backs and wide receivers. J Strength Cond Res ...30(5)1379–1390, 2016—The National Football League (NFL) Scouting Combine is held each year before the NFL Draft to measure athletic abilities and football skills of college football players. Although the NFL Scouting Combine can provide the NFL teams with an opportunity to evaluate college players for the upcoming NFL Draft, its value for predicting future success of players has been questioned. This study examined whether the NFL Combine measures can predict future performance of running backs (RBs) and wide receivers (WRs) in the NFL. We analyzed the 2000–09 Combine data of RBs (N = 276) and WRs (N = 447) and their on-field performance for the first 3 years after the draft and over their entire careers in the NFL, using correlation and regression analyses, along with a principal component analysis (PCA). The results of the analyses showed that, after accounting for the number of games played, draft position, height (HT), and weight (WT), the time on 10-yard dash was the most important predictor of rushing yards per attempt of the first 3 years (p = 0.002) and of the careers (p < 0.001) in RBs. For WRs, vertical jump was found to be significantly associated with receiving yards per reception of the first 3 years (p = 0.001) and of the careers (p = 0.004) in the NFL, after adjusting for the covariates above. Furthermore, HT was most important in predicting future performance of WRs. The analyses also revealed that the 8 athletic drills in the Combine seemed to have construct validity. It seems that the NFL Scouting Combine has some value for predicting future performance of RBs and WRs in the NFL.
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