In a registry study of 63,910 adults, 24-hour ambulatory BP was a stronger predictor of mortality than BP measured in the clinic. Masked hypertension (normal BP in the clinic but elevated ambulatory ...BP) was associated with a greater risk of death than sustained hypertension.
A specific feature of three-dimensional bluff body wakes, flow bistability, is a subject of particular recent interest. This feature consists of a random flipping of the wake between two asymmetric ...configurations and is believed to contribute to the pressure drag of many bluff bodies. In this study we apply the modelling approach recently suggested for axisymmetric bodies by Rigas et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 778, 2015, R2) to the reflectional symmetry-breaking modes of a rectilinear bluff body wake. We demonstrate the validity of the model and its Reynolds number independence through time-resolved base pressure measurements of the natural wake. Further, oscillating flaps are used to investigate the dynamics and time scales of the instability associated with the flipping process, demonstrating that they are largely independent of Reynolds number. The modelling approach is then used to design a feedback controller that uses the flaps to suppress the symmetry-breaking modes. The controller is successful, leading to a suppression of the bistability of the wake, with concomitant reductions in both lateral and streamwise forces. Importantly, the controller is found to be efficient, the actuator requiring only 24 % of the aerodynamic power saving. The controller therefore provides a key demonstration of efficient feedback control used to reduce the drag of a high-Reynolds-number three-dimensional bluff body. Furthermore, the results suggest that suppression of large-scale structures is a fundamentally efficient approach for bluff body drag reduction.
Les traductions des Trionfi de Pétrarque au castillan faites au XVIe siècle offrent un moyen d’évaluer l’évolution des attitudes envers la poétique pétrarquiste, la traduction et la langue ...vernaculaire. Malgré leur style chansonnière, les prémieres traductions des Trionfi par Antonio de Obregón en 1512 et du Trionfo d'amore par Alvar Gómez confirment la receptivité de la culture espagnòle au développement de la poétique espagnole de la Renaissance et cependant démontrent les difficultés de la traduction ad sensum dans une forme poétique differente. Basée sur le double propos, apparemment contradictoire, du traducteur humaniste comme fidus et interpres faite en 1554 par Hernando de Hozes en schéma italianizant de la terza rima s’approprie avec succès les rimes de Pétrarque en trasmettant le sense de l'original tout en affirmant l'autonomie et primauté du vernaculaire castillan.
We experimentally study the stochastic transport of a self-propelled camphor boat, driven by Marangoni forces, through a crowd of passive paper discs floating on water. We analyze the statistics of ...the first passage times of the active particle to travel from the center of a circular container to its boundary. While the mean times rise monotonically as a function of the covered area fraction
of the passive paper discs, their fluctuations show a non-monotonic behavior - being higher at low and high value of
compared to intermediate values. The reason is traced to an interplay of two distinct sources of fluctuations - one intrinsic to the dynamics, while the other due to the crowding.
We experimentally study the first passage transport of an active camphor boat under confinement, in the presence of passive crowders. The fluctuations of first passage times behave non-monotonically with the packing fraction of the crowders.
Facts and fictions about polymorphism Cruz-Cabeza, Aurora J; Reutzel-Edens, Susan M; Bernstein, Joel
Chemical Society reviews,
12/2015, Letnik:
44, Številka:
23
Journal Article
Recenzirano
We present new facts about polymorphism based on (i) crystallographic data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, a database built over 50 years of community effort), (ii) 229 solid form ...screens conducted at Hoffmann-La Roche and Eli Lilly and Company over the course of 8+ and 15+ years respectively and (iii) a dataset of 446 polymorphic crystals with energies and properties computed with modern DFT-d methods. We found that molecular flexibility or size has no correlation with the ability of a compound to be polymorphic. Chiral molecules, however, were found to be less prone to polymorphism than their achiral counterparts and compounds able to hydrogen bond exhibit only a slightly higher propensity to polymorphism than those which do not. Whilst the energy difference between polymorphs is usually less than 1 kcal mol(-1), conformational polymorphs are capable of differing by larger values (up to 2.5 kcal mol(-1) in our dataset). As overall statistics, we found that one in three compounds in the CSD are polymorphic whilst at least one in two compounds from the Roche and Lilly set display polymorphism with a higher estimate of up to three in four when compounds are screened intensively. Whilst the statistics provide some guidance of expectations, each compound constitutes a new challenge and prediction and realization of targeted polymorphism still remains a holy grail of materials sciences.
Essentials
Pediatric studies on peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)‐related thrombosis are scarce.
This study analyzes incidence and risk factors for PICC‐related venous thrombosis in ...children.
PICC‐related thrombosis is a common, and nearly always, asymptomatic complication.
Echo‐guided insertion and a catheter to vein ratio < 0.33 may notably decrease this complication.
Summary
Background
Upper‐extremity venous thrombosis is associated with the use of peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs). Few pediatric studies have focused on this issue.
Objectives
To determine the incidence and risk factors for PICC‐related superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in children.
Patients/methods
An observational follow‐up cohort study was conducted at a single hospital between June 2012 and June 2015. All patients receiving a PICC were enrolled and followed up, with weekly Doppler ultrasound examination of the catheterized limb until PICC removal. Patient, procedural and follow‐up data were analyzed.
Results
In the study period, 265 PICCs were inserted (median age of patients 6.5 years, interquartile range IQR 2.4–13 years; median weight 20 kg, IQR 11–38 kg; 54% males; 67.9% chronically ill), and patients were followed up for a total of 9743 days. The median indwelling time was 21 days (IQR 12–37 days). During follow‐up, 88 (33.2% of insertions) PICC‐related thromboses (incidence rate IR 9.03 per 1000 catheter‐days) were diagnosed, 66 (24.9%) as isolated SVT, seven (2.6%) as isolated DVT, and 15 (5.7%) as SVT with associated DVT (IR 6.78, 0.71 and 1.54 per 1000 catheter‐days, respectively). Only 9.9% of patients with SVT and 18.2% of those with DVT were symptomatic. The main risk factors for PICC‐related SVT and DVT were a catheter/vein ratio of > 0.33 and thrombosis of the catheterized superficial vein, respectively.
Conclusions
PICC‐related thrombosis is a common and nearly always asymptomatic complication in children, the SVT rate being approximately three times higher than the DVT rate. Optimal vein and catheter selection, yielding the lowest possible catheter/vein ratio, may decrease the rate of PICC‐related thrombosis.
Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the standard treatment for patients with unresectable, nonmetastatic locoregionally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (LASCCHN). This ...randomized, open-label, phase III clinical trial compared the efficacy between standard CCRT and two different induction chemotherapy (ICT) regimens followed by CCRT.
Patients with untreated LASCCHN were randomly assigned to ICT (three cycles), with either docetaxel (Taxotere), cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (TPF arm) or cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (PF arm), followed by CCRT 7 weeks of radiotherapy (RT) with cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on days 1, 22 and 43; or 7 weeks of CCRT alone. The primary end points were progression-free survival (PFS) and time-to-treatment failure (TTF).
In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population (n = 439), the median PFS times were 14.6 (95% CI, 11.6–20.4), 14.3 (95% CI, 11.8–19.3) and 13.8 months (95% CI, 11.0–17.5) at TPF-CCRT, PF-CCRT and CCRT arms, respectively (log-rank P = 0.56). The median TTF were 7.9 (95% CI, 5.9–11.8), 7.9 (95% CI, 6.5–11.8) and 8.2 months (95% CI, 6.7–12.6) for TPF-CCRT, PF-CCRT and CCRT alone, respectively (log-rank P = 0.90). There were no statistically significant differences for overall survival (OS). Toxic effects from ICT-CCRT were manageable.
Overall, this trial failed to show any advantage of ICT-CCRT over CCRT alone in patients with unresectable LASCCHN (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00261703).
The COVID-19 pandemic has represented a major cause of morbidity/mortality worldwide, overstressing health systems. Multiple myeloma (MM) patients show an increased risk for infections and they are ...expected to be particularly vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here we have obtained a comprehensive picture of the impact of COVID-19 in MM patients on a local and a global scale using a federated data research network (TriNetX) that provided access to Electronic Medical Records (EMR) from Health Care Organizations (HCO) all over the world. Through propensity score matched analyses we found that the number of new diagnoses of MM was reduced in 2020 compared to 2019 (RR 0.86, 95%CI 0.76-0.96) and the survival of newly diagnosed MM cases decreased similarly (HR 0.61, 0.38-0.81). MM patients showed higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (RR 2.09, 1.58-2.76) and a higher excess mortality in 2020 (difference in excess mortality 9%, 4.4-13.2) than non-MM patients. By interrogating large EMR datasets from HCO in Europe and globally, we confirmed that MM patients have been more severely impacted by COVID-19 pandemic than non-MM patients. This study highlights the necessity of extending preventive measures worlwide to protect vulnerable patients from SARS-CoV-2 infection by promoting social distancing and an intensive vaccination strategies.
Propolis is a complex mixture of natural sticky and resinous components produced by honeybees from living plant exudates. Globally, research has been dedicated to studying the biological properties ...and chemical composition of propolis from various geographical and climatic regions. However, the chemical data and biological properties of Mexican brown propolis are scant. The antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) sample collected in México and the isolated compounds is described. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated in a central nervous system and cervical cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity of EEP was evaluated in a C6 cell line and cervical cancer (HeLa, SiHa, and CasKi) measured by the 3-(3,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. The antibacterial activity was tested using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. Twelve known compounds were isolated and identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Additionally, forty volatile compounds were identified by means of headspace-solid phase microextraction with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry time of flight analysis (HS-SPME/GC-MS-TOF). The main volatile compounds detected include nonanal (18.82%), α-pinene (12.45%), neryl alcohol (10.13%), and α-pinene (8.04%). EEP showed an anti-proliferative effect on glioma cells better than temozolomide, also decreased proliferation and viability in cervical cancer cells, but its effectiveness was lower compared to cisplatin.
Mechanical resonators based on low-dimensional materials are promising for force and mass sensing experiments. The force sensitivity in these ultra-light resonators is often limited by the ...imprecision in the measurement of the vibrations, the fluctuations of the mechanical resonant frequency and the heating induced by the measurement. Here, we strongly couple multilayer graphene resonators to superconducting cavities in order to achieve a displacement sensitivity of 1.3 fm Hz(-1/2). This coupling also allows us to damp the resonator to an average phonon occupation of 7.2. Our best force sensitivity, 390 zN Hz(-1/2) with a bandwidth of 200 Hz, is achieved by balancing measurement imprecision, optomechanical damping, and measurement-induced heating. Our results hold promise for studying the quantum capacitance of graphene, its magnetization, and the electron and nuclear spins of molecules adsorbed on its surface.
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