Mental health help-seeking in Mexico Gearing, Robin E.; Brewer, Kathryne B.; Washburn, Micki ...
Global health promotion,
03/2024, Letnik:
31, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Most people in need of mental health services in Mexico do not seek formal support or professional services to address their mental health needs. Understanding help-seeking behaviors is crucial to ...addressing underutilized mental health services and to leverage health promotion efforts. Data were collected as part of a larger research project on stigma and help-seeking for mental-health-related concerns in Mexico. A convenience sample of 469 adults residing in Mexico City participated in the study using an experimental vignette methodology assessing stigma toward individuals with mental health conditions, along with characteristics and demographic correlates of help-seeking. All survey measures were administered in Spanish. A structural regression was conducted for the outcome ‘openness to professional help seeking for mental health problems’ as a latent variable. Compared with males, females were more open to professional help seeking (b = 0.09, p = 0.038), as were people who endorsed higher spirituality (b = 0.01, p = 0.006); while people who experienced self-stigma were less open to professional help-seeking for mental health concerns (b = −0.15, p = 0.005). Self-stigma was a major driver of low service utilization. Contrary to previous studies, spirituality was a significant positive predictor of professional help-seeking. A more nuanced understanding of mental health help-seeking in Mexico can be useful for outreach efforts to increase service utilization both in Mexico and among Latinos in the United States (US). Given historical, geographic, and cultural ties with the US, it is important to understand mental health help-seeking in Mexico, which may relate directly to help-seeking behaviors in many US Latinos who have immigrated to the US. Directions for future research and practice implications are discussed, including a roadmap for health promotion activities.
Abstract
Introduction
Pericardial effusion (PE) in patients with infective endocarditis (IE) has been shown to be an independent risk factor for severe complications, however no significant ...association with mortality has been established. Our study aims to study the significance of pericardial effusion in patients with IE.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis using the United States National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database to identify all the hospital admissions with IE using ICD 10 codes and divided them into two groups based on the presence of PE. The outcomes of interest were in-hospital mortality, in-hospital complications, need for cardiac surgery, and length of stay (LOS).
Results
A total of 381,300 patients were hospitalized from 2016 to 2019 with IE, of whom 10,370 developed PE. Mean age of patients in the PE group was 51 years and in non-PE group was 61 years with males and Caucasian race being predominant in both groups. PE group had higher rates of in-hospital death (12.7% vs 9%, P≤0.001) and longer in-hospital stay (12 days vs 7 days, P≤0.001) compared to non-PE group. The rates of cardiac surgery were higher in PE group (26.1% vs 8.4%, P≤0.001). The rates of heart failure, heart block, renal failure, cardiogenic shock, and embolic stroke were higher in PE group Table 1.
Conclusion
Our study shows that presence of PE in patients with IE is a predictor for in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and need for cardiac surgery. Also, these patients are at higher risk for heart failure, heart block, cardiogenic shock and embolic stroke.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
We present ab initio global general-relativistic Particle-in-cell (GR-PIC) simulations of compact millisecond neutron star magnetospheres in the axisymmetric aligned rotator configuration. We ...investigate the role of GR and plasma supply on the polar cap particle acceleration efficiency – the precursor of coherent radio emission – employing a new module for the PIC code OSIRIS, designed to model plasma dynamics around compact objects with fully self-consistent GR effects. We provide a detailed description of the main sub-algorithms of the novel PIC algorithm, including a charge-conserving current deposit scheme for curvilinear coordinates. We demonstrate efficient particle acceleration in the polar caps of compact neutron stars with denser magnetospheres, numerically validating the spacelike current extension provided by force-free models. We show that GR relaxes the minimum required poloidal magnetospheric current for the transition of the polar cap to the accelerator regime, thus justifying the observation of weak pulsars beyond the expected death line. We denote that spin-down luminosity intermittency and radio pulse nullings for older pulsars might arise from the interplay between the polar and outer gaps. Also, narrower radio beams are expected for weaker low-obliquity pulsars.
•We present an axisymmetric general-relativistic Particle-in-cell code, OSIRIS-GR.•Charge-conserving GR-PIC code designed to model compact object magnetospheres.•GR-PIC simulations of compact neutron star magnetospheres are presented.•We show that spacelike polar angle deviates from GR-FF estimates for weak pulsars.•Older pulsars may be observable beyond the expected death line due to GR.
A corrosion study of API X52 steel was carried out in natural seawater with several concentrations of a corrosion inhibitor (10, 100 and 200 ppm) using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) to control ...the hydrodynamic conditions at environment temperature, atmospheric pressure and 24 h of the exposition time. The rotation speed used was 1000 rpm (turbulent flow). The electrochemical techniques used in the corrosion studies were: linear polarisation resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarisation curves (PCs). The superficial analysis was made using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show a good correlation between electrochemical techniques used. In addition, under turbulent flow, the test solution with 10 ppm had the smallest corrosion rate (CR). It is important to mention that the morphology of the corrosion in all experiments was localised corrosion.
In chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), accessory respiratory muscles are recruited as a compensatory adaptation to changes in respiratory mechanics. This results in shortening and ...overactivation of these and other muscles. Manual therapy is increasingly being investigated as a way to alleviate these changes. The aim of this study was to measure the immediate effect on lung function of a soft tissue manual therapy protocol (STMTP) designed to address changes in the accessory respiratory muscles and their associated structures in patients with severe COPD.
Twelve medically stable patients (n=12) with an existing diagnosis of severe COPD (ten: GOLD Stage III and two: GOLD Stage IV) were included. Residual volume, inspiratory capacity and oxygen saturation (SpO
) were recorded immediately before and after administration of the STMTP. A Student's
-test was used to determine the effect of the manual therapy intervention (
<0.05).
The mean age of the patients was 62.4 years (range 46-77). Nine were male. Residual volume decreased from 4.5 to 3.9 L (
=0.002), inspiratory capacity increased from 2.0 to 2.1 L (
=0.039) and SpO
increased from 93% to 96% (
=0.001).
A single application of an STMTP appears to have the potential to produce immediate clinically meaningful improvements in lung function in patients with severe and very severe COPD.
Resumen Introducción y objetivo El cáncer es el resultado de la interacción de factores genéticos y ambientales, recientemente relacionados con infecciones virales, entre ellos, el virus del papiloma ...humano. El objetivo fue conocer la frecuencia de infección por el virus del papiloma humano en las neoplasias del aparato digestivo. Material y métodos Estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico y observacional en pacientes con cáncer del aparato digestivo en 2 instituciones del sector salud de Veracruz. Se realizó toma de 2 muestras del tumor: una para realizar estudio histológico y otra para determinación del ADN del virus del papiloma humano y sus genotipos. Se analizaron: variables antropométricas, factores de riesgo, hábitos sexuales, localización y variedad histológica de la neoplasia. Se determinaron frecuencias absolutas y relativas utilizando el programa SPSS versión 24.0. Resultados Se estudió a 53 pacientes con cáncer de aparato digestivo localizado en el colon (62.26%), estómago (18.87%), esófago (7.55%), recto (7.55%) e intestino delgado (3.77%). En el 11.32% de ellos se identificó la presencia de virus del papiloma humano, de los cuales el 66.7% correspondió a carcinoma epidermoide y el 33.3% a adenocarcinoma. Únicamente se identificó el genotipo 18. La edad promedio del grupo fue 61.8 ± 15.2 años. El 56.60% correspondió al sexo masculino y el 43.40% al femenino. El 15.8% refirieron antecedentes oncológicos familiares y el 31.6%, personales. El 38.6% mencionaron tabaquismo y el 61.4%, alcoholismo. El 5.3% declararon ser homosexuales y el 3.5%, bisexuales. El 29.8% manifestaron relaciones orales y el 24.6%, anales. Conclusiones Nuestro estudio muestra que la infección de virus del papiloma humano es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de neoplasias del aparato digestivo, sobre todo de origen epidermoide.
Stigma toward those using cocaine and other substances remains a barrier to treatment and social inclusion. As part of a larger study exploring stigma toward those experiencing symptoms of various ...DSM5 diagnoses an experimental vignette methodology was used to examine factors associated with stigma toward individuals using cocaine in Mexico. Results from the subset of 66 individuals who were randomly assigned a vignette featuring cocaine use indicate that the gender of person using cocaine was not associated with differential levels of stigma. Lower levels of stigma were reported by respondents who had familiarity with mental health and substance use issues and by those endorsing higher levels of spirituality. Having a high school education or beyond was associated with greater stigma. Public health and education efforts are needed to inform community members and service providers about how stigma could affect addiction treatment and recovery. Implications for practice and research are explored.
Objective: To develop a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between hypertriglyceridemic waist (CHTG) and arterial hypertension (HBP) in adults. Materials: The present ...study is a systematic review (SR) with meta-analysis of analytical cross-sectional observational studies. Search strategies will be used in different databases, which will be Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Embase. The qualitative analysis was presented in a table with the characteristics of each study. For quantitative analysis, random-effects meta-analysis was performed due to the heterogeneity of the studies. These variables were compared using Odds Ratios (OR) as a measure of association with their corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results: Five studies were included for statistical analysis. Overall, a statistically significant association was found between both variables (OR: 1.36; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.71). In turn, there was a high heterogeneity (I squared 92%). Conclusions: This SR found that CHTG is associated with the presence of hypertension. However, given the few studies found, it is recommended to carry out more primary studies with a prospective design before carrying out a next SR on the subject, and with standardized cut-off points to make a more homogeneous comparability.
This paper considers a practical variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) known as the Heterogeneous Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows and Multiple Products (HVRPTWMP). As the problem is ...NP-hard, the resolution approach proposed here is a sequential Ant Colony System (ACS)—Tabu Search algorithm. The approach introduces a two pheromone trail strategy to accelerate agents’ (ants) learning process. Its convergence to good solutions is given in terms of fleet size and travel time while completing tours and service to all customers. The proposed procedure uses regency and frequency memories form Tabu Search to further improve the quality of solutions. Experiments are carried out using instances from literature and show the effectiveness of this procedure.
Introduction: Given the high consumption of salt in the population, the need arises to have a validated tool that measures the knowledge, attitudes and practices of salt consumption (CAP-salt). ...Objective: To validate the questionnaire on CAP-salt. Methods: Psychometric study of content validity through expert judgment. A total of 5 physicians from different specialties were counted. To calculate the degree of agreement between the expert judges, Aiken's V was used. As a decision criterion to keep an item, a value ≥ 0.7 was considered. Results: In relation to clarity, V values greater than 0.80 were presented, in addition to a variation coefficient of less than 25%, therefore, none of the items was eliminated. Regarding coherence, they presented a coefficient of variation above 20% and V values greater than 0.71, confirming the decision not to exclude any of them. Regarding the relevance of the items, V values higher than 0.90 were also evidenced and neither did any of them present a value below the critical one. Conclusions: The questionnaire has presented sufficient evidence of content validity in terms of clarity, coherence and relevance of the items through the aforementioned analyses. For this reason, it should be used to quantify the KAP of different population groups in the country.
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