Background & Aims There is not a consensus on the best irrigation approach for super-high density (SHD) olive orchards. Our aim was to design and test a regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategy ...for a sustainable balance between water saving, tree vigour and oil production. Methods We tested our RDI strategy for 3 years in an 'Arbequina' orchard with 1,667 trees ha⁻¹. Two levels of irrigation reduction were applied, 60RDI and 30RDI, scaled to replacing 60 % and 30 %, respectively, of the of irrigation needs (IN). We also had a full irrigation (FI) treatment as control, with IN totalling 4,701 m³ ha⁻¹ Results The 30RDI treatment showed the best balance between water saving, tree vigour and oil production. With a yearly irrigation amount (IA) of 1,366 m³ ha⁻¹, which meant 72 % water saving as compared to FI, the reduction in oil yield was 26 % only. Conclusions Our results, together with recent knowledge on the effect of water stress on fruit development, allowed us to suggest a potentially improved RDI strategy for which a total IA of ca. 2,100 m³ ha⁻¹ was calculated. Both some management details and the benefits of this suggested RDI strategy are still to be tested.
This study investigates the effects of modifying commercial Nafion-212 thin films with dodecyltriethylammonium cation (DTA+) on their electrical resistance, elastic modulus, light ...transmission/reflection and photoluminescence properties. The films were modified through a proton/cation exchange process for immersion periods ranging from 1 to 40 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to analyze the crystal structure and surface composition of the modified films. The electrical resistance and the different resistive contributions were determined via impedance spectroscopy. Changes in the elastic modulus were evaluated using stress-strain curves. Additionally, optical characterization tests, including light/reflection (250-2000 nm) and photoluminescence spectra, were also performed on both unmodified and DTA
-modified Nafion films. The results reveal significant changes in the electrical, mechanical and optical properties of the films, depending on the exchange process time. In particular, the inclusion of the DTA
into the Nafion structure improved the elastic behavior of the films by significantly decreasing the Young modulus. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of the Nafion films was also enhanced. These findings can be used to optimize the exchange process time to achieve specific desired properties.
Idiopathic scoliosis (IS) is a spinal disorder affecting up to 3% of otherwise healthy children. IS has a strong familial genetic component and is believed to be genetically complex due to ...significant variability in phenotype and heritability. Previous studies identified putative loci and variants possibly contributing to IS susceptibility, including within extracellular matrix, cilia, and actin networks, but the genetic architecture and underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we used whole‐exome sequencing from three affected individuals in a multigenerational family with IS and identified 19 uncommon variants (minor allele frequency < 0.05). Genotyping of additional family members identified a candidate heterozygous variant (H1115Q, G>C, rs142032413) within the ciliary gene KIF7, a regulator within the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. Resequencing of the second cohort of unrelated IS individuals and controls identified several severe mutations in KIF7 in affected individuals only. Subsequently, we generated a mutant zebrafish model of kif7 using CRISPR‐Cas9. kif7co63/co63 zebrafish displayed severe scoliosis, presenting in juveniles and progressing through adulthood. We observed no deformities in the brain, Reissner fiber, or central canal cilia in kif7co63/co63 embryos, although alterations were seen in Hh pathway gene expression. This study suggests defects in KIF7‐dependent Hh signaling, which may drive pathogenesis in a subset of individuals with IS.
Data suggest that KIF7 mutations may contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis, as seen in humans and axial curvatures in zebrafish.
The Association for the Study of Reproductive Biology (ASEBIR) Interest Group in Embryology (in Spanish 'Grupo de Interés de Embriología') reviewed key morphokinetic parameters to assess the ...contribution of time-lapse technology (TLT) to the ASEBIR grading system. Embryo grading based on morphological characteristics is the most widely used method in human assisted reproduction laboratories. The introduction and implementation of TLT has provided a large amount of information that can be used as a complementary tool for morphological embryo evaluation and selection. As part of IVF treatments, embryologists grade embryos to decide which embryos to transfer or freeze. At the present, the embryo grading system developed by ASEBIR does not consider dynamic events observed through TLT. Laboratories that are using TLT consider those parameters as complementary data for embryo selection. The aim of this review was to evaluate review time-specific morphological changes during embryo development that are not included in the ASEBIR scoring system, and to consider them as candidates to add to the scoring system.
Cerrado is one of the most diverse savannahs on the planet in terms of plant species and insect herbivores, as well as in hotspot in the diversity of plant–galling insect interactions. The aims of ...the study were as follows: characterize the diversity of host plants (HP) and their associated gall-inducing insects (GII) in the Brazilian Cerrado; estimate the species richness of GII for the Cerrado vegetation; determine if GII species richness is shaping the plant species richness, taxa size, and the taxon age; to analyze the number of species per HP communities, and estimate the number of GII (co-threatened) in endangered plants. We used a comprehensive database compiling information available in 32 inventories on GII and their HP from several areas of the Cerrado. We find 994 morphospecies associated with 505 HP. Additionally, we estimated a total of 11,745 GII for the Cerrado, of which 8,574 were cecidomyiid species. More than 58% of the HP harbored a single GII, while 42% had more than two GII, corroborating the high specialization of the GII on their HP. Finally, we detected nine threatened HP hosting 27 species of GII, which are considered super-hosts. Our study is the first to analyze the assemblages of HP and their GII in the Cerrado vegetation at a regional scale. Our findings indicate a high regional diversity of both HP and GII, and we highlight the importance of plant species richness, taxon size, and the taxon age as factors shaping the diversity of GII in the Cerrado.
Systems including diphenylzinc, metallocene, and methylaluminoxane, at various combinations has been attempted, as initiating systems for homo- and copolymerization of styrene and various styrene ...related comonomers including : substituted styrenes, styrene derivatives, a-olefins, dienes and more recently cycohexenes including norbornene. The used metallocenes were those containing titanium, zirconium and for comparatives reasons hafnium. The metallocene efficiency towards syndiotactic polystyrene polymerization showed the order : titanocene > zirconocene > hafnocene. While the polymerization as well the copolymerization of Styrene with related to styrene compounds resulted to be much influenced by both electrical and steric hindrance effect. For styrene substituted derivative those group or element having I+ inductive effect depending its position at styrene’s its phenyl ring favours homopolymerization as well their copolymerization with styrene. The steric hindrance also showed a determinant influence on reactivity, so methyl and tert-butyl group, having a I+ effect, when at para-position improve activity and stereoregularity of their polymerization processes. But when placing at orto-position showed a very low capacity to polymerize. The present and previous results indicate that polymerization processes are initiated by monomer coordination to active metal species either of the binary metallocene-MAO or of the ternary Ph2Zn-metallocene-MAO.
Zika Virus Disease in Colombia — Preliminary Report Pacheco, Oscar; Beltrán, Mauricio; Nelson, Christina A ...
New England journal of medicine/The New England journal of medicine,
08/2020, Letnik:
383, Številka:
6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Zika virus infection was first identified in Colombia in August 2015. This preliminary report includes data on the incidence of neonatal microcephaly among women who were infected during the third ...trimester of pregnancy.
We describe the synthesis of fluorogenic arylureas and amides and their interaction with primary or secondary amines under air and light in organic-aqueous mixtures to give rise to a new class of ...persistent organic radicals, described on the basis of their electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), as well as UV-vis, fluorescence, NMR, and quantum mechanics calculations, and their prospective use as multi-signal reporters in a smart label for fish freshness.
The synthesis of a new trisbenzylsilanephosphine P{(o-C
H
CH
)SiMe
H}
(1) is shown to proceed with high yields from P(o-tolyl)
. Compound 1 coordinates to the Rh and Ir dimers MCl(COD)
(M = Rh, Ir) ...in a tetradentate or tridentate fashion, depending on the strict exclusion of water. The dimeric compounds ClM(SiMe
CH
-o-C
H
)
P(o-C
H
-CH
SiMe
H)
, 2Rh and 2Ir, feature a tetradentate coordination of the starting ligand with P and two Si atoms as well as a non-classical agostic Si-H group. The presence of adventitious water in the solvents leads to the formation of two new complexes (μ
-Cl)
M
(SiMe
CH
-o-C
H
)
P(o-C
H
-CH
SiMe
OSiMe
CH
-o-C
H
-)P(SiMe
CH
-o-C
H
)
, 3Rh and 3Ir, which feature a siloxane bridge through Si-H bond breaking in 2. Reaction of RhCl(COD)
with the bisbenzylsilanephosphine PhP{(o-C
H
CH
)SiMe
H}
leads to the formation of compound 4Rh which features also a dimeric structure with the SiPSi ligand coordinated through the two silicon atoms, one of which occupies the apical position of a square-pyramidal geometry in the solid state, while the second is disposed equatorially trans to π-donor Cl. Finally, bidentate coordination of a PSi ligand is achieved by reaction of RhCl(COD)
with Ph
P{(o-C
H
CH
)SiMe
H} which leads to the monometallic species RhCl(SiMe
CH
-o-C
H
-PPh
)
, 5Rh, incorporating two chelating PSi ligands and maintaining a Cl ligand.
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