Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is an emerging non-invasive cancer treatment method in the field of nanomedicine, which has the advantages of deep penetration, good therapeutic efficacy, and minimal damage ...to normal tissues. Sonosensitizers play a crucial role in the process of SDT, as their structure and properties directly determine the treatment outcome. Inorganic sonosensitizers, with their high stability and longer circulation time in the human body, have great potential in SDT. In this review, the possible mechanisms of SDT including the ultrasonic cavitation, reactive oxygen species generation, and activation of immunity are briefly discussed. Then, the latest research progress on inorganic sonosensitizers is systematically summarized. Subsequently, strategies for optimizing treatment efficacy are introduced, including combination therapy and image-guided therapy. The challenges and future prospects of sonodynamic therapy are discussed. It is hoped that this review will provide some guidance for the screening of inorganic sonosensitizers.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for skin wound repair due to their capabilities of accumulating at wounds and differentiating into multiple types of skin cells. However, the ...underlying mechanisms responsible for these processes remain unclear. In this study, we found that osteopontin (OPN) stimulated the migration of MSCs in vitro, and observed the recruitment of endogenous MSCs to a skin wound and their differentiation into keratinocytes and endothelial cells. In OPN knock-out mice, the recruitment of MSCs to the skin wound was significantly inhibited, and wound closure was hampered after an intradermal injection of exogenous MSCs compared to wild-type mice. Consistent with these observations, the expressions of adhesion molecule CD44 and its receptor E-selectin were significantly decreased in the lesions of OPN knock-out mice compared with wild-type mice suggesting that OPN may regulate the migration of MSCs through its interactions with CD44 during skin wound recovery. In summary, our data demonstrated that OPN played a critical role in activating the migration of MSCs to injured sites and their differentiation into specific skin cell types during skin wound healing.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Multicomponent rutile (
P
4
2
/
mnm
) structured fluorides, containing 4 to 7 transition metals (Co, Cu, Mg, Ni, Zn, Mn, and Fe) in equiatomic ratios, were synthesized using a simple mechanochemical ...approach. The high entropy fluorides were characterized using different techniques, all of which indicate that the high entropy fluorides tend to crystallize into a homogeneously mixed solid solution and single-phase structure. These high entropy fluorides represent an additional class of high entropy ceramics, which have recently attracted attention especially due to the development of high entropy oxides. With the introduction of these novel high entropy fluorides, similar interest could be generated due to the variety of different applications for fluoride materials and the improvements the high entropy concept might bring. Here we present an in-depth characterization study and the potential application of high entropy fluorides as a catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction, in which the high entropy fluorides do show increased performance compared to a state-of-the-art catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction, IrO
2
, despite eliminating noble metal constituents.
Novel high entropy ceramics, high entropy fluorides, are introduced. The microstructure and solid solution state of the material are thoroughly characterized. Additionally, promising catalytic activity for oxygen evolution reaction was observed.
Strongly yellow fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) have been directly synthesized from
o
-phenylenediamine (
o
-PD) through a facile microwave-assisted method. The as-prepared
o
-CDs exhibit ...excitation-dependent photoluminescent behavior and excellent water-solubility due to some amino or hydroxy functional groups on the surface. An emission peak appears at 573 nm when the
o
-CDs solution is excited at 400 nm, and the quantum yield (QY) is 38.5%. Owing to their low toxicity and water solubility the as-prepared
o
-CDs can be directly used for cell imaging. More importantly, the as-prepared
o
-CDs solution also shows sensitivity for H
2
O
2
. The limits of detection (LOD) for Fe
3+
and H
2
O
2
are 16.1 nM and 28.1 nM, respectively, which is much lower than what's reported in previous studies. The fluorescence intensity also shows a dependence on pH and the strongest fluorescence intensity appears at pH 9. In addition, we also find that the fluorescent properties of CDs prepared from
m
-phenylenediamine (
m
-PDs) and
p
-phenylenediamine (
p
-PDs) are quite different from those of
o
-CDs.
CDs synthesized from
o
-phenylenediamine through microwave-assisted method show great potential for Fe
3+
and H
2
O
2
detection as well as cell imaging.
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•A oriented collagen fiber scaffold loading NSCs for treating SCI.•Grafted different forms of NSCs restored the motor function to similar levels.•Different forms of NSCs secreted ...neurotrophic factors led to similar SCI recovery.
The combination of biological scaffold and neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising treatment strategy for spinal cord injury (SCI). But adverse niche at injures spinal cord severe hamper the transplanted NSCs to preferentially differentiate neurons. In this study, we compared the therapeutic outcomes in rat completely transected SCI model after transplantations of collagen scaffold loaded with NSCs in different forms including unicellular NSCs, neurospheres, differentiated unicellular NSCs, and differentiated neurospheres. The results showed collagen scaffold combined each form of NSCs could markedly restore the motor function of the hindlimbs by Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan(BBB) scoring to similar levels. The transcriptome analysis showed there were similar expressions of neurotrophic factors among neurospheres, differentiated unicellular NSCs, and differentiated neurospere. Next, we enriched neurotrophic factors secreted from culture medium of these three forms of NSCs respectively and combined with collagen scaffold were transplanted into SCI to further assay therapeutic effects of secreting neurotrophic factors on SCI. BBB score analysis showed that the secreted neurotrophic factors from above three forms of NSCs had similar functional recovery of SCI. Therefore, we proposed that allogeneic NSCs transplant promotes functional recovery of SCI predominantly by secreting neurotrophic factors, not by direct neuronal replacement of differentiated neurons from transplanted cells.
Piroplasmosis is a disease that negatively affects equine health worldwide. Hence, 324 blood samples were collected from grazing horses in ten sites in Xinjiang and testing them for the presence of
...Theileria equi
and
Babesia caballi
by PCR of the
EMA
-1 gene and
BC
48 gene, respectively. Of the 324 blood samples, 161 (49.7%) were positive for equine piroplasms. The prevalence of
T. equi
was 38.9% (126/324), while that of
B. caballi
was 30.2% (98/324). The
T. equi
and
B. caballi
co-infection rate was 19.4% (63/324). From the 126
EMA
-1 gene sequences and 98
BC
48 gene sequences we obtained, 21 and 27 genotypes were identified, respectively. The
EMA
-1 sequences together with the GenBank reference sequences grouped into four clusters, with those from the present study forming two distinct clusters. In contrast, the
BC
48 sequences formed eight clusters with the GenBank reference sequences, while those obtained in the present study formed five distinct clusters. Our results highlight the widespread distribution and abundant gene polymorphism of
T. equi
and
B. caballi
in grazing horses from Xinjiang.
Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) is a major anionic surfactant and is widely used in the detergent industry. The large amount of SDBS discharged into water bodies can cause eutrophication of ...water bodies and produce toxic effects in aquatic organisms. In this study, the degradation of SDBS and variation in toxicity during the plasma treatment process were evaluated using gas-liquid interface discharge. The experimental results showed that SDBS could be removed effectively after discharge for 8 min at an initial concentration of 30 mg/L. The SDBS removal could be fitted by the first-order kinetic model. The plasma voltage and initial pH had great effects on the removal of SDBS. At the same voltage, SDBS could be removed faster under alkaline conditions. Compared to ozonation, much higher SDBS and TOC removal performance was achieved by plasma treatment. HO, which was mainly derived from the reaction of H2O2 and ozone in the solutions, played a major role in the oxidation process. The toxicity evaluation showed that plasma treatment could reduce the acute toxicity effectively initially, and also indicated that the formed intermediates of formate, oxalate, malonate and sulfate had no negative effects. However, further treatment caused an increase in toxicity, which was mainly correlated with the excessive residual H2O2 formed during the plasma process. This study indicated that while applying plasma treatment, the conditions should be optimized comprehensively to maintain a low H2O2 residual in the effluent.
•Plasma in gas-liquid interface discharge was introduced to degrade SDBS.•Energy consumption for SDBS removal using plasma in gas-liquid interface discharge was assessed by comparing to ozonation.•Contributions of active species to SDBS degradation were analyzed.•Sulfate and carboxylic acids such as formate, oxalate and malonate were determined to be the major intermediates.•Toxicity variation of synthetic wastewater containing SDBS was evaluated.
In general, the fabrication of high‐performance, self‐powered broadband photodetectors based on traditional semiconducting thin films is tedious and costly. Here, in this paper a high‐performance, ...solution‐processed, and self‐powered CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) nanocrystal based photodetector ITO/MAPbI3/Ag is presented, and it shows broadband photoresponse from the visible to the near‐infrared wavelength region. The pronounced enhanced performance of the photodetector is due to taking the advantage of the built‐in electric field induced by the work function difference of two electrodes. The optimized photodetector shows a responsivity of 4.9 and 1.42 A W−1 with a specific detectivity of 7.6 × 1013 and 1.77 × 1013 Jones under 19 µW cm−2 white light illumination and 26 µW cm−2 808 nm illumination at zero bias, respectively. Therefore, such a concept of simple device geometry and feasible technique will open up a new and promising avenue for the fabrication of self‐powered photodetectors and the development of imaging devices.
Colloidal CH3NH3PbI3 nanocrystals are synthesized by ligand‐assisted reprecipitation combined with ultrasonication, and their application in self‐powered broadband photodetector ITO/CH3NH3PbI3/Ag is presented, showing a responsivity of 4.9 and 1.42 A W−1 with a specific detectivity of 7.6 × 1013 and 1.77 × 1013 Jones under 19 µW cm−2 white light illumination and 26 µW cm−2 808 nm illumination at zero bias, respectively.
In the presence of CuOAc, a series of unsymmetric ureas can be generated in moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions (10 mol% of CuOAc, 2 equiv
-BuONa or PhONa, 30 °C), using aryl ...isocyanides and
-benzoyl hydroxylamines as the readily accessible starting materials. The reactions might undergo a cascade process involving isocyanide insertion into the N-O bond and Mumm-type rearrangement. This work represents a rare example of isocyanide insertion into N-O bonds, which would extend isocyanide insertion chemistry.
This data article presents experimental data on the in-plane mechanical behavior of a carbon-epoxy twill woven composite. Properties under tension, shear, and compression are measured and reported, ...which include force vs. stroke curves, stress vs. strain curves, in-plane on-axis and off-axis moduli, in-plane shear modulus, tensile and compressive strengths, post-peak residual stress under compression, and on-axis and off-axis Poisson ratios. Laminate plates of the composite were ordered from a commercial vendor and specimens of desired dimensions were cut using a waterjet cutter. Tests were conducted in accordance with ASTM standards D3039 and D6641, under on-axis and off-axis tension, and under on-axis compression. The data represents a complete set of in-plane mechanical properties for the composite and can be used directly as lamina level input to numerical FEA models and design analyses with woven composite laminates. It can also serve as benchmark for the calibration and validation of these models. It can be used to calculate properties for other off-axis configurations using transformation equations. Since the data is intended to be a lamina level input, it can be used to determine and model the in-plane behavior of any laminate layup with this composite. The data also serves to demonstrate the marked anisotropy and tension compression asymmetry exhibited by woven composites.
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