Foreign direct investment can be a way to promote modern energy-efficient technology in Belt & Road countries, and this aspect has yet to be explored. Therefore, we set three simultaneous equations ...to determine the role of foreign direct investment inflow, technological innovations, natural resources, population density on biomass energy consumption, and ecological footprint. We applied a novel panel algorithm, cross-sectionally augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lags, and Driscoll & Kraay methods for 52 Belt & Road panel countries from 1992 to 2017, which provides a more robust analysis by controlling spatial dependency and heterogeneity. The empirical results depict that biomass energy consumption improves the environment of the Belt & Road region, as ecological footprint and biomass energy consumption yielded a negative relationship. However, FDI supports the ‘Pollution Haven’ hypothesis for the Belt & Road economies. The results further infer that the ecological footprint can be lowered in the economies by technological advancement. From the policy perspective, our findings suggest that policymakers in Belt & Road economies should devise comprehensive foreign investment and modern biomass energy policies aiming at cleaner industrial practices that ensure environmental sustainability.
•Biomass Energy, foreign direct investment and ecological footprint are examined.•Biomass energy consumption lowers the ecological footprint.•Foreign direct investment does not improve the environment in Belt & Road region.•The ‘Pollution Haven’ Hypothesis is validated for the region.•Technological advancements improve the environment in Belt & Road economies.
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major public health issue because of its refractory nature. Ferroptosis is a newly coined programmed cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid reactive ...oxygen species (ROS). However, the prognostic and diagnostic value of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) and their biological mechanisms in DKD remain elusive. The gene expression profiles GSE96804, GSE30566, GSE99339 and GSE30528 were obtained and analyzed. We constructed a reliable prognostic model for DKD consisting of eight FRGs (SKIL, RASA1, YTHDC2, SON, MRPL11, HSD17B14, DUSP1 and FOS). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the ferroptosis-related model had predictive power with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.818. Gene functional enrichment analysis showed significant differences between the DKD and normal groups, and ferroptosis played an important role in DKD. Consensus clustering analysis showed four different ferroptosis types, and the risk score of type four was significantly higher than that of other groups. Immune infiltration analysis indicated that the expression of macrophages M2 increased significantly, while that of neutrophils and mast cells activated decreased significantly in the high-risk group. Our study identified and validated the molecular mechanisms of ferroptosis in DKD. FRGs could serve as credible diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DKD.
Few studies have examined nutrition transition in children in China. Our aim, in the present study, was to examine temporal trends in dietary energy, fat, carbohydrate and protein intake in Chinese ...children aged 7–17 years. The analysis used individual level, consecutive 3 d dietary recall data from seven rounds of the China Health and Nutrition Surveys in 1991 (n 2714), 1993 (n 2542), 1997 (n 2516), 2000 (n 2142), 2004 (n 1341), 2006 (n 1072) and 2009 (n 996). Mixed-effect models were constructed to obtain adjusted means and to examine trends after adjusting for intra-class correlation within clusters and for covariates including age, sex, urban/rural residence and income. From 1991 to 2009, daily energy intake steadily declined from 9511·0 to 7658·2 kJ (P < 0·0001). There was a steady decline in daily carbohydrate intake from 382·5 to 254·1 g (P < 0·0001), and in the proportion of energy from carbohydrate from 66·7 to 56·8 % (P < 0·0001). In contrast, daily fat intake steadily increased from 54·8 to 66·0 g (P < 0·0001), as did the proportion of energy from fat from 21·5 to 30·0 % (P < 0·0001). The proportion of children who consumed a diet with more than 30 % of energy from fat increased from 20·1 to 49·4 % (P < 0·0001). The proportion of energy from protein increased from 11·8 to 13·1 % (P < 0·0001), although daily protein intake dropped from 66·2 to 58·0 g (P < 0·0001). Our data suggest that Chinese children have been undergoing a rapid nutrition transition to a high-fat diet.
Cryptosporidium parvum is an enteric protozoan parasite with zoonotic importance and can cause cryptosporidiosis in humans as well as domestic and wild animals worldwide. The IId subtype family (SF) ...is one of the most prevalent subtypes of C. parvum. Some clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) protein systems have been developed to detect nucleic acid with high flexibility, sensitivity and specificity.
By integrating recombinase polymerase amplification and the Cas12a/crRNA trans-cleavage system (termed ReCTC), we established end-point diagnostics by observing fluorescence readouts with the naked eye under blue light and on-site diagnostics using a lateral flow strip (LFS) biosensor.
Our ReCTC-based diagnoses can detect as little as a single copy of a cloned C. parvum 60-kDa glycoprotein (GP60) gene, 10 oocysts per gram (OPG), clinical fecal sample without tedious extraction of genomic DNA and have no cross-reactivity with other SFs of C. parvum or other common enteric parasitic protozoa.
This study provided a new strategy for direct identification of the IId SF of C. parvum free of highly trained operators and expensive special equipment.
Cyclosporiasis is caused by the coccidian parasite
and is associated with large and complex food-borne outbreaks worldwide. Associated symptoms include severe watery diarrhea, particularly in ...infants, and immune dysfunction. With the globalization of human food supply, the occurrence of cyclosporiasis has been increasing in both food growing and importing countries. As well as being a burden on the health of individual humans, cyclosporiasis is a global public health concern. Currently, no vaccine is available but early detection and treatment could result in a favorable clinical outcome. Clinical diagnosis is based on cardinal clinical symptoms and conventional laboratory methods, which usually involve microscopic examination of wet smears, staining tests, fluorescence microscopy, serological testing, or DNA testing for oocysts in the stool. Detection in the vehicle of infection, which can be fresh produce, water, or soil is helpful for case-linkage and source-tracking during cyclosporiasis outbreaks. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) can evidently cure
infection. However, TMP-SMX is not suitable for patients having sulfonamide intolerance. In such case ciprofloxacin, although less effective than TMP-SMX, is a good option. Another drug of choice is nitazoxanide that can be used in the cases of sulfonamide intolerance and ciprofloxacin resistance. More epidemiological research investigating cyclosporiasis in humans should be conducted worldwide, to achieve a better understanding of its characteristics in this regard. It is also necessary to establish
and/or
protocols for cultivating
, to facilitate the development of rapid, convenient, precise, and economical detection methods for diagnosis, as well as more effective tracing methods. This review focuses on the advances in clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention of cyclosporiasis.
Abstract
Background
Cryptosporidium parvum
is a zoonotic parasitic protozoan that can infect a variety of animals and humans and is transmitted between hosts via oocysts. The oocyst wall provides ...strong protection against hostile environmental factors; however, research is limited concerning the oocyst wall at the proteomic level.
Methods
A comprehensive analysis of the proteome of oocyst wall of
C. parvum
was performed using label-free qualitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fractionation and mass spectrometry-based qualitative proteomics technologies. Among the identified proteins, a surface protein (CpSP1) encoded by the
C. parvum cgd7_5140
(
Cpcgd7_5140
) gene was predicted to be located on the surface of the oocyst wall. We preliminarily characterized the sequence and subcellular localization of CpSP1.
Results
A total of 798 proteins were identified, accounting for about 20% of the CryptoDB proteome. By using bioinformatic analysis, functional annotation and subcellular localization of the identified proteins were examined for better understanding of the characteristics of the oocyst wall. To verify the localization of CpSP1, an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay demonstrated that the protein was localized on the surface of the oocyst wall, illustrating the potential usage as a marker for
C. parvum
detection in vitro.
Conclusion
The results provide a global framework about the proteomic composition of the
Cryptosporidium
oocyst wall, thereby providing a theoretical basis for further study of
Cryptosporidium
oocyst wall formation as well as the selection of targets for
Cryptosporidium
detection.
Graphical Abstract
PURPOSEEquations that estimate percentage body fat (PBF) from anthropometrics are widely used, although most were developed in small nonrepresentative samples. No study has examined the ...generalizability of these equations in a nationally representative population. This study evaluated the validity of 26 sets (2 for males and 3 for females only) of published equations for PBF estimation in American adults using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2004.
METHODSData were from 9934 adults ages ≥20 yr. Stratified by sex, equations were evaluated against dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry using R, root mean square error, and mean signed difference. Differential bias was evaluated by the absolute value of the discrepancy between the mean signed difference values in normal weight and obese adults.
RESULTSIn subgroups matched to the range of age and race/ethnicity in which equations were derived, most equations had R values between 0.5 and 0.7 and root mean square error estimates between 3.0 and 4.0 percentage points for males and between 3.5 and 4.5 percentage points for females. Analyses in sample stratified by age, obesity status, or race/ethnicity showed that 15 of the 23 equations for males and 20 of the 24 equations for females had important differential bias of more than two percentage points. Equations that included WC performed the best in males, and those that included body mass index performed best in females. Equations using skinfold thickness performed less well in older adults.
CONCLUSIONSPublished PBF equations had moderately strong R values in a representative sample of American men and women, but both nondifferential and differential biases were substantial for most equations.
We sought to determine which Salmonella serotypes cause illness related to the Thanksgiving holiday in the United States and to foods disproportionately eaten then (e.g., turkey). Using routine ...surveillance for 1998-2018 and a case-crossover design, we found serotype Reading to be most strongly associated with Thanksgiving.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cryptosporidium parvum is an apicomplexan zoonotic parasite causing the diarrheal illness cryptosporidiosis in humans and animals. To invade the host intestinal epithelial cells, parasitic proteins ...expressed on the surface of sporozoites interact with host cells to facilitate the formation of parasitophorous vacuole for the parasite to reside and develop. The gp40 of C. parvum, named Cpgp40 and located on the surface of sporozoites, was proven to participate in the process of host cell invasion.
We utilized the purified Cpgp40 as a bait to obtain host cell proteins interacting with Cpgp40 through the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down method. In vitro analysis, through bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay (BiFC) and coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), confirmed the solid interaction between Cpgp40 and ENO1. In addition, by using protein mutation and parasite infection rate analysis, it was demonstrated that ENO1 plays an important role in the C. parvum invasion of HCT-8 cells.
To illustrate the functional activity of Cpgp40 interacting with host cells, we identified the alpha-enolase protein (ENO1) from HCT-8 cells, which showed direct interaction with Cpgp40. The mRNA level of ENO1 gene was significantly decreased at 3 and 24 h after C. parvum infection. Antibodies and siRNA specific to ENO1 showed the ability to neutralize C. parvum infection in vitro, which indicated the participation of ENO1 during the parasite invasion of HCT-8 cells. In addition, we further demonstrated that ENO1 protein was involved in the regulation of cytoplasmic matrix of HCT-8 cells during C. parvum invasion. Functional study of the protein mutation illustrated that ENO1 was also required for the endogenous development of C. parvum.
In this study, we utilized the purified Cpgp40 as a bait to obtain host cell proteins ENO1 interacting with Cpgp40. Functional studies illustrated that the host cell protein ENO1 was involved in the regulation of tight junction and adherent junction proteins during C. parvum invasion and was required for endogenous development of C. parvum.
Abstract The efficacy of periarticular multimodal drug injection (PMDI) to reduce pain after total knee or hip arthroplasty (TKA or THA) still remains controversial. Our study aimed at evaluating the ...efficacy of PMDI after TKA or THA. A fully recursive literature search was conducted to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Ultimately, 21 studies were included in the analysis. Pooled results showed that the PMDI group had better pain relief, less opioid consumption, larger range of motion, and lower rates of nausea and vomiting than the placebo group. No significant difference was seen in regard to the length of hospital stay between the two groups. In conclusion, PMDI should be recommended for the pain management after TKA or THA.
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