The China-Europe Railway Express (CER-Express), not only promoted the cooperation between countries and regions across Asia and Europe but also gave rise to remarkable changes in landcover and had a ...profound effect on the natural environment along the railway in recent years. Effective ways to monitor and assess ecological changes are urgently needed to ensure sustainable development of CER-Express. There are very few existing environmental monitoring studies focusing on the area along the CERExpress. In this paper, we present a study of environmental degradation, which occurred during the construction and operation of CER-Express from 2010 to 2018, based on a comprehensive evaluation index (CEI), which takes three environmental indicators into account and provides a timely and reliable evaluation of environmental changes at large scales. In addition, the environment conditions of the regions and countries along the CER-Express have been quantified and comparatively studied at different scales over different periods, using histograms of mean CEI values. Furthermore, specific causes of environmental degradation in the rail-intensive countries and small-area countries along the railway are discussed. Our results show that the environmental degradation can be detected in most of the rail-intensive countries, such as Germany, Poland, Austria, and Czech Republic along the railway. Therefore, to ensure sustainability of the CER-Express, environmental protection along the railway should be paid more attention to and a reasonable arrangement for the exploitation of CER-Express devised.
Minimizing last mile delivery costs is of paramount importance for all shipping companies that strive to stay competitive on the market. A potential solution to the problem is the use of ...crowdsourcing – a model where individuals voluntarily take on a task proposed by another entity (e.g. a company). In this paper, we present the results of a comparison of performance for three types of crowdsourced delivery fleets likely to be used in an urban setting. The fleets differ in the mode of transport the couriers use: bicycles, cars or both. The performance is quantified by the total number of deliveries made and the on-time delivery rates. Experimental results were obtained through a simulation that closely resembles real-world traffic conditions in a city with developed cycling infrastructure and takes into account the variations in the speed of couriers. The research shows that bicycle-based crowdsourced fleets outperform other kinds of fleets under simulated conditions. This makes them a faster, more environmentally-friendly and potentially cheaper alternative to traditional fleets that rely on cars. 30 refs.
This paper presents a novel background modeling and subtraction approach for video object segmentation. A neural network (NN) architecture is proposed to form an unsupervised Bayesian classifier for ...this application domain. The constructed classifier efficiently handles the segmentation in natural-scene sequences with complex background motion and changes in illumination. The weights of the proposed NN serve as a model of the background and are temporally updated to reflect the observed statistics of background. The segmentation performance of the proposed NN is qualitatively and quantitatively examined and compared to two extant probabilistic object segmentation algorithms, based on a previously published test pool containing diverse surveillance-related sequences. The proposed algorithm is parallelized on a subpixel level and designed to enable efficient hardware implementation.
This paper proposes a hybrid foreground object detection method suitable for the marine surveillance applications. Our approach combines an existing foreground object detection method with an image ...color segmentation technique to improve accuracy. The foreground segmentation method employs a Bayesian decision framework, while the color segmentation part is graph-based and relies on the local variation of edges. We also establish the set of requirements any practical marine surveillance algorithm should fulfill, and show that our method conforms to these requirements. Experiments show good results in the domain of marine surveillance sequences.
The paper presents an efficient and reliable approach to automatic people segmentation, tracking and counting, designed for a system with an overhead mounted (zenithal) camera. Upon the initial ...block-wise background subtraction, k-means clustering is used to enable the segmentation of single persons in the scene. The number of people in the scene is estimated as the maximal number of clusters with acceptable inter-cluster separation. Tracking of segmented people is addressed as a problem of dynamic cluster assignment between two consecutive frames and it is solved in a greedy fashion. Systems for people counting are applied to people surveillance and management and lately within the ambient intelligence solutions. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method is able to achieve very good results in terms of counting accuracy and execution speed.
In real-world surveillance systems, where variation of light and camera parameters can sometimes severely impair the normal operation of background subtraction algorithms, better results are obtained ...with differencing schemes. We have earlier demonstrated that differencing of detail images produced by wavelet transformation can lead to more stable detection results. In this paper, we considerably extend that framework, by introducing the modified z-scores calculated from wavelet coefficient differences. Foreground pixels are detected as outliers in normal distribution by modified z-score test. The threshold value used in the outlier test is optimized by maximizing the precision and recall measures on several training frames. Finally, the elimination of ghosts from motion detection is done by double modified z-score testing, that is similar in idea to double frame differencing. The resulting motion detection method shows considerable resilience to changes in illumination and camera parameters and also produces a lower amount of detection errors than other motion detection methods.
During the thermal combustion processes of carbon-enriched organic compounds, emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons into ambient air occurs. Previous studies of atmospheric distribution of ...polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons showed low correlation between the experimental values and Junge-Pankow theoretical adsorption model, suggesting that other approaches should be used to describe the partitioning phenomena. The paper evaluates the applicability of multivariate piece-wise-linear M5' model-tree models to the problem of gas-particle partitioning. Experimental values of particle-associated fraction, obtained for 129 ambient air samples collected at 24 background, urban and industrial sites, were compared to the prediction results obtained using M5' and the Junge-Pankow model. The M5' approach proposed and models learned are able to achieve good correlation (correlation coefficient >0.9) for some low-molecular-weight compounds, when the target is to predict the concentration of gas phase based on the particle-associated phase. When converted to particle-bound fraction values, the results, for selected compounds, are superior to those obtained by Junge-Pankow model by several orders of magnitude, in terms of the prediction error.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper presents an approach to detecting locations attractive to tourists and discovering tourists' dynamics based on data obtained from publicly available geo-referenced images. Results of an ...analysis based on geo-visualization methods and data obtained from Flickr are presented in this paper. We focus on data tagged as recorded in Berlin, Germany. The goal is to identify attractive locations in the city, assuming that an attractive place is characterized by large amounts of photos taken by many people. In addition, we attempt to identify standard routes people take when making a tour. To achieve this, we propose an approach based on density-based clustering and route similarity and dynamics clustering. The results presented in the paper indicate that information obtained by analyzing Flickr photos can be used to reliably detect locations attractive to tourists and suggest best tour routes.
A C compiler design concept used for MAS family of digital signal processors Popovic, M.; Jovanovic, Z.; Pap, I. ...
5th International Conference on Telecommunications in Modern Satellite, Cable and Broadcasting Service. TELSIKS 2001. Proceedings of Papers (Cat. No.01EX517),
2001, Letnik:
2
Conference Proceeding
This paper addresses the problem of compiler design for digital signal processors (DSPs). It describes C compiler designed for the Micronas Semiconductor MAS family of DSPs, that are primarily ...designed for real-time audio and speech applications. During the development of this compiler, several problems related to the highly asymmetric architecture were faced. We describe the support for different memory word-accumulator lengths, the use of instructions with memory operands, MAC instructions, the use of the auto increment/decrement feature of address generators and hardware loops. Also we present ways to improve resource allocation, context saving and synchronizing code. The effects of such procedures have been illustrated, using DSPStone tests.
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