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•Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests using model organic substrates were tested.•Experimental, theoretical, and predicted BMP yields were compared.•Four kinetic models were used ...to describe the potential of methane production.•The Cone model showed good fit of the experimental data.
The main aim of this work was to test various organic wastes, i.e. from a livestock farm, a cattle slaughterhouse and agricultural waste streams, for its ability to produce methane under thermophilic anaerobic digestion (AD) conditions. The stability of the digestion, potential biomethane production and biomethane production rate for each waste were assessed. The highest methane yield (110.83 mL CH4/g VSadded day) was found in the AD of crushed animal carcasses on day 4. The experimental results were analyzed using four kinetic models and it was observed that the Cone model described the biomethane yield as well as the methane production rate of each substrate. The results from this study showed the good potential of model organic wastes to produce biomethane.
A capsaicin cream was formulated by optimizing the rheological stability, the release behavior of the drug, and the pharmacological effect.
This study aimed to: (a) apply the Design of Experiment ...approach to study the rheological stability and release behaviors of a drug (capsaicin) from a formulated oil-in-water cream and (b) investigate the skin irritation and anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of the optimized cream.
The cream prepared by the emulsification method was optimized using the central composite design, and then the pharmacological effect in experimental animals was determined using Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).
The effects of a permeation enhancer (X1), Vaseline (X2), and surfactants (X3) on the fluctuation of the ratio of the viscous modulus (G ') to elastic modulus (G') (tan δ) after three cycles of cooling-heating (10-40°C), flux, and skin deposition of capsaicin after 8 h on mouse skin were statistically analyzed and optimized. The final obtained CAP-cream did not cause irritation in the rabbit model and produced comparable anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects to the reference product (Voltaren® emulgel).
This study successfully integrated the DoE approach, rheological science, and pharmacological studies to develop a stable and highly effective semi-solid product containing capsaicin.
The noble metal-based nanoparticles (NPs) have been considered as potential antimicrobial agents because of their good antibacterial and antifungal activities as well as biocompatible nature. In this ...study, we have introduced a simple and fast route to synthesize silver, gold, and silver-gold bimetallic NP-decorated dextran. The as-synthesized noble metal-based NPs with spherical geometry showed high dispersity in dextran. The antibacterial and antifungal of obtained nanomaterials were tested with Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) bacteria and Magnaporthe grisea (M. grisea) fungi. The silver NPs and bimetallic NPs with high silver content in dextran exhibited excellent activity to inhibited the growth of the bacteria and fungi, whereas the gold/dextran has weak antimicrobial effects. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of silver-gold bimetallic NPs in dextran biopolymer can be tuned according to the content of silver in the bimetallic NPs. The obtained nanomaterials could open an entry to a new class of antibiotics.
The exceptions and limitations in copyright law have been firmly established by the Berne Convention. Indeed, these foundations consolidate and facilitate the unification in protecting copyrights of ...member states’ domestic laws. Nevertheless, the understanding and interpretations of each member are notably different and inadvertently maintain the inconsistency in international law. On that basis, the article analyzes the practice of Berne Convention’s codification and application in Vietnamese laws and judicial practice. Thereafter, the article emphasizes that Vietnamese intellectual property law has attempted to internalize the Berne Convention’s provisions on the limitations and exceptions of copyright law and proposes solutions to ameliorate such attempts. The article then shows the practice in Vietnamese judgment in order to show how Vietnamese intellectual property law receive the provision of limitations and exceptions in copyright law.
•Food waste (FW) generation and the need for policy in Vietnam are investigated.•Each residence produced 0.29 kg p−1 d−1, accounting for 31.7 % of total waste.•Approximately 38.8 % of families ...discharged FW as well as municipal waste.•Prioritization of strategy, strict rules, and recycling to animal feed is highlighted.•FW will be crucial for gaining a noticeable improvement in Vietnam’s waste management.
Food waste (FW) is more harmful than previously imagined. A large amount of Vietnam’s FW ends up in landfills, only 20 % of which are sanitary. This causes significant environmental problems such as greenhouse gas emissions, high carbon footprint, leachate, and landfill-related conflicts. The FW from Vietnam’s urban areas is 0.29 kg⸳p−1⸳d−1, accounting for 31.7 % of total waste. 38.81 % of families discharge FW which, along with municipal waste, corresponds to 4,429.21 ton⸳d−1 for the entire country. For FW collection, under transportation and treatment heads, 80,416.95 $⸳d−1 and 74,605.57 $⸳d−1 were spent, respectively. An analysis of Vietnam’s national strategy for the integrated management of solid waste indicates that the amount of attention and concern currently given to FW issues is not adequate to address them. To resolve FW issues, Vietnam needs to be more proactive regarding solutions and efforts, in addition to implementing strict regulations. These include the setting of national goals under the priority of national strategy, strict regulations, stakeholder engagement, FW recycling to animal feed, biorefinery, and awareness-raising campaigns.
Background: Coronary artery fistulas (CAFs), also, known as coronary arteriovenous malformation, are aberrant connections between coronary arteries and other structures, such as other artery branches ...or heart chambers. CAFs are infrequent and asymptomatic in young patients, but symptoms and complications become more frequent with age. CAFs can affect hemodynamic parameters and lead to complications, such as myocardial ischemia, heart failure, arrhythmia, and infective endocarditis. Objective: The aim of this article was to present a typical CAF case with severe symptoms who underwent successful embolization to resolve their symptoms. Case presentation: A 50-year-old Vietnamese male visited our cardiac outpatient clinic (S.I.S General Hospital, Can Tho, Vietnam) because of exertional dyspnea and chest pain. Signs of congestive heart failure and abnormal murmur were not presented on chest auscultation. Diagnostic digital subtraction angiography was performed to determine the detailed angioarchitecture of the CAF, revealing a fistulous connection between the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the LV chamber through an aneurysm. In addition, the RCA measured 7 mm in diameter with a fistula (16 × 9 mm) draining into an aneurysm and then terminating into the LV chamber. The patient had an RCA aneurysm with a fistula into the LV. It was treated successfully by closing the fistula with a vascular plug. Access to the fistula was complex and difficult because of complications due to the CAF. After the procedure, the patient had no chest pain or shortness of breath and was discharged after three days. After six months, he was taking dual antiplatelet therapy and antihypertensive medications and felt better. We performed contrast computed tomography (CT) to examine the fistula after a year, which showed the successful closure of the fistula without any relevant alteration in the coronary artery. Conclusion: CAF closure is indicated if patients have symptoms or secondary complications, and percutaneous closure is a safe and effective method to manage CAF. A CAF is rare and does not have specific symptoms, making it difficult to diagnose. Most patients are asymptomatic and have serious recent complications. Currently, the percutaneous transcatheter method is popular because it is noninvasive and successful in most patients.
In this work, we report on solution-based p-i-n-type planar-structured CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite photovoltaic (PV) cells, in which precrystallized NiO nanoparticles (NPs) without post-treatment are used ...to form a hole transport layer (HTL). X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed the crystallinity of the NPs, and atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the uniform surfaces of the resultant NiO thin film and the subsequent perovskite photoactive layer. Compared to the conventional poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (
PSS) HTL, the NiO HTL had excellent energy-level alignment with that of CH3NH3PbI3 and improved electron-blocking capability, as analyzed by photoelectron spectroscopy and diode modeling, resulting in Voc ~0.13 V higher than conventional
PSS-based devices. Consequently, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.4% with a high fill factor (FF, 0.74), short-circuit current density (Jsc, 20.2 mA·cm(-2)), and open circuit voltage (Voc, 1.04 V) having negligible hysteresis and superior air stability has been achieved.
A novel coumarin derivative (5) was synthesized and used as a colorimetric and fluorescent probe for selective detection of Cu2+ ions in the presence of other metal ions, with the detection limits of ...5.7 and 4.0 ppb, respectively. Cu2+ ion reacts with probe 5 to form a 1:1 stoichiometry complex, resulting in a remarkable redshift of absorption maximum from 460 to 510 nm, as well as almost completely quenching fluorescence intensity of probe 5 at the wavelength of 536 nm. These changes can be distinctly observed by naked eyes. In addition, the working pH range of probe 5 is wide and suitable for physiological conditions, thus probe 5 may be used for detection of Cu2+ ions in living cells. The stable structures of probe 5 and its 1:1 complex with Cu2+ ion were optimized at the PBE0/6-31+G(d) level of theory. The presence and characteristics of bonds in compounds were studied through atoms in a molecule and natural bond orbital analysis. The formation of the complex led to a strong transfer of electron density from probe 5 as a ligand to Cu2+ ion, resulting in breaking the π-electron conjugated system, which is the cause of fluorescence quenching and color change of 5-Cu2+ complex.
The fresh water shortage is a big driving force for scientists worldwide to study on seawater desalination. Recently, the solar steam generation (SSG) based on biomass has already attracted a great ...deal of interest because of its effectiveness and eco-friendliness. In this study, a novel photothermal material for SSG was fabricated by treating fingered citron (FC) with natural polyphenols from green tea extract (GTE) and then with Fe (III) solution to form nano layers of Fe (III) complex on FC surface. Consequently, the developed FC based photothermal material (FCP) exhibited high light absorption capacity. Thanks to its unique structure with honeycomb-like porous pith and scattered linear vascular bundles and hydrophilic property, FCP possessed essential features for good performance of SSG including excellent water transportation, low thermal conductivity, high salt rejection capacity, and stable operation. The FCP based SSG system demonstrated a water evaporation rate of 1.92 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun illumination, which is comparable or even superior to those of the reported biomass-based photothermal materials. The simple, cost-effective, and green FCP fabrication technology together with the high water evaporation performance of the FCP based SSG highlight the promising application of FCP in SSG toward sustainable seawater desalination.
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•A novel photothermal materialwas fabricated by treating FC with polyphenols from green tea extract and then with Fe (III) solution.•The unique structure of FC is beneficial for reducing the heat loss through conduction and enhancing water diffusion.•Outstanding thermal management capacity by using heat transported from the bulk water for water evaporation•Numerous hydrophilic groups on the material surface that reduce the evaporation enthalpy of water.•The SSG based FCP material possessed an evaporation rate of 1.92 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun.
Socio-hydrological approaches are gaining momentum due to the importance of understanding the dynamics and co-evolution of water and human systems. Various socio-hydrological approaches have been ...developed to improve the adaptive capacity of local people to deal with water-related issues. In this study, a social-hydrological approach was developed to enhance the water supply resilience in Con Dao Island, Vietnam. We used a water-balance model, involving the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) tool, to conduct a scenario-based evaluation of water demands. In doing so, we assessed the impacts of socio-economic development, such as population growth and climate change, on increasing water demand. The modelling results showed that the existing reservoirs—the main sources to recharge the groundwater (accounting for 56.92% in 2018 and 65.59% in 2030)—play a critical role in enhancing water supply resilience in the island, particularly during the dry season. In addition, future water shortages can be solved by investment in water supply infrastructures in combination with the use of alternative water sources, such as rainwater and desalinated seawater. The findings further indicate that while the local actors have a high awareness of the role of natural resources, they seem to neglect climate change. To meet the future water demands, we argue that upgrading and constructing new reservoirs, mobilizing resources for freshwater alternatives and investing in water supply facilities are among the most suitable roadmaps for the island. In addition, strengthening adaptive capacity, raising awareness and building professional capacity for both local people and officials are strongly recommended. The research concludes with a roadmap that envisages the integration of social capacity to address the complex interaction and co-evolution of the human–water system to foster water-supply resilience in the study area.
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