At present, scientific consensus exists on the multifactorial etiopatogenia of obesity. Both professionals and researchers agree that treatment must also have a multifactorial approach, including ...diet, physical activity, pharmacology and/or surgical treatment. These two last ones should be reserved for those cases of morbid obesities or in case of failure of the previous ones. The aim of the PRONAF study is to determine what type of exercise combined with caloric restriction is the most appropriate to be included in overweigth and obesity intervention programs, and the aim of this paper is to describe the design and the evaluation methods used to carry out the PRONAF study.
One-hundred nineteen overweight (46 males) and 120 obese (61 males) subjects aged 18-50 years were randomly assigned to a strength training group, an endurance training group, a combined strength + endurance training group or a diet and physical activity recommendations group. The intervention period was 22 weeks (in all cases 3 times/wk of training for 22 weeks and 2 weeks for pre and post evaluation). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet (25-30% less energy intake than the daily energy expenditure estimated by accelerometry). 29-34% of the total energy intake came from fat, 14-20% from protein, and 50-55% from carbohydrates. The mayor outcome variables assesed were, biochemical and inflamatory markers, body composition, energy balance, physical fitness, nutritional habits, genetic profile and quality of life. 180 (75.3%) subjects finished the study, with a dropout rate of 24.7%. Dropout reasons included: personal reasons 17 (28.8%), low adherence to exercise 3 (5.1%), low adherence to diet 6 (10.2%), job change 6 (10.2%), and lost interest 27 (45.8%).
Feasibility of the study has been proven, with a low dropout rate which corresponds to the estimated sample size. Transfer of knowledge is foreseen as a spin-off, in order that overweight and obese subjects can benefit from the results. The aim is to transfer it to sports centres. Effectiveness on individual health-related parameter in order to determine the most effective training programme will be analysed in forthcoming publications.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01116856.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: The association between sex hormones and bone mineral density (BMD) has been studied in sedentary women, whereas only few studies have evaluated trained females. Therefore, the aim of this ...study was to assess the influence of sex hormones on BMD in well-trained females with different hormonal profiles: eumenorrheic females, oral contraceptive (OC) users and postmenopausal women. The secondary purpose was to determine if maximal oxygen consumption (V̇ O2max) or maximal back squat strength (1RM) could be good predictors of BMD in this population. Methods: Sixty-eight eumenorrheic, forty-one monophasic-OC users and sixteen postmenopausal well-trained females participated in this study. A Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scan (DXA), a basal blood sample and a maximal back squat and/or a maximal treadmill test were performed. In order to measure all volunteers under similar hormonal conditions (low sex hormone levels), all tests were carried out during the early follicular phase for the eumenorrheic females and in the withdrawal phase for the OC group. Results: One way ANCOVA reported lower values of BMD in postmenopausal (1.13±0.07g/cm2) than in eumenorrheic (1.19±0.08 g/cm2) (p=0.003) and OC users (1.17±0.07 g/cm2) (p=0.030). Pearson´s correlation showed a positive relationship between BMD and 1RM (p<0.001), but not with V̇ O2max. Conclusions: Lower BMD has been reported in postmenopausal women compared to both, eumenorrheic females and OC users. BMD loss after menopause seems to be not fully compensated by exercise, but this could effectively mitigate it. Moreover, 1RM back squat reported a slight association to BMD. Hence, strength training may be the best choice to prevent BMD loss.
While a number of studies have researched road-cycling performance, few have attempted to investigate the physiological response in field conditions.
To describe the physiological and performance ...profile of an uphill time trial (TT) frequently used in cycling competitions.
Fourteen elite road cyclists (mean ± SD age 25 ± 6 y, height 174 ± 4.2 cm, body mass 64.4 ± 6.1 kg, fat mass 7.48% ± 2.82%) performed a graded exercise test to exhaustion to determine maximal parameters. They then completed a field-based uphill TT in a 9.2-km first-category mountain pass with a 7.1% slope. Oxygen uptake (VO
), power output, heart rate (HR), lactate concentration, and perceived-exertion variables were measured throughout the field-based test.
During the uphill TT, mean power output and velocity were 302 ± 7 W (4.2 ± 0.1 W/kg) and 18.7 ± 1.6 km/h, respectively. Mean VO
and HR were 61.6 ± 2.0 mL · kg
· min
and 178 ± 2 beats/min, respectively. Values were significantly affected by the 1st, 2nd, 6th, and final kilometers (P < .05). Lactate concentration and perceived exertion were 10.87 ± 1.12 mmol/L and 19.1 ± 0.1, respectively, at the end of the test, being significantly different from baseline measures.
The studied uphill TT is performed at 90% of maximum HR and VO
and 70% of maximum power output. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study assessing cardiorespiratory parameters combined with measures of performance, perceived exertion, and biochemical variables during a field-based uphill TT in elite cyclists.
Resistance training is an intense anaerobic glycolytic activity and has been shown that estimates of energy
expenditure in this activity turn out into an error that varies between 13 and 30%. The ...main aim of this paper
is to describe the anaerobic energy contribution in circuit weight training. Twelve men (20-26 years) and
seventeen women (18-29 years) students in Science of Physical Activity and Sport performed a circuit training
at six different intensities (between 30% and 80% of 15RM). During all the circuits aerobic energy
expenditure was registered by indirect calorimetry, heart rate with Polar® monitors and lactate concentration
in capillary blood to measure the anaerobic contribution. The increased due to anaerobic energy was between
5,1%, and a maximum of 13,5% which clearly means that to measure or not the anaerobic contribution
in circuit training can lead to an average error of 9,65%. There are significant differences (P <0,05) between
aerobic energy expenditure and total (aerobic+anaerobic) at all the intensities, in a circuit weight training
with progressive loads.
El entrenamiento con cargas es una actividad anaeróbica glucolítica intensa y se ha comprobado que el
error en las estimaciones del gasto energético en esta actividad varía entre un 13 y un 30%. El principal
objetivo de este trabajo es describir la contribución anaeróbica de energía en un circuito con cargas.
Doce hombres (20-26 años) y diecisiete mujeres (18-29 años) estudiantes de Ciencias de la
Actividad Física y del Deporte realizaron un entrenamiento en circuito de cargas a 6 intensidades diferentes
(entre el 30% y 80% de su 15RM). Durante la totalidad de los circuitos se registró el gasto energético
aeróbico por calorimetría indirecta, la frecuencia cardiaca con pulsómetro Polar® y la concentración
de lactato en sangre capilar para medir la contribución anaeróbica. El incremento que produjo
la energía anaeróbica se situó entre el 5,1% y un máximo del 13,5%, lo que hace evidente que medir
o no la contribución anaeróbica en el entrenamiento en circuito puede provocar un error medio del
9,65%. Existen diferencias significativas (P< 0,05) entre el gasto energético aeróbico y total (aeróbico+
anaeróbico) en todas las intensidades, en un circuito de entrenamiento con cargas a intensidades
progresivas.
IntroductionMetabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease is a major public health problem considering its high prevalence and its strong association with extrahepatic diseases. ...Implementing strategies based on an intermittent fasting approach and supervised exercise may mitigate the risks. This study aims to investigate the effects of a 12-week time-restricted eating (TRE) intervention combined with a supervised exercise intervention, compared with TRE or supervised exercise alone and with a usual-care control group, on hepatic fat (primary outcome) and cardiometabolic health (secondary outcomes) in adults with obesity.Methods and analysisAn anticipated 184 adults with obesity (50% women) will be recruited from Granada (south of Spain) for this parallel-group, randomised controlled trial (TEMPUS). Participants will be randomly designated to usual care, TRE alone, supervised exercise alone or TRE combined with supervised exercise, using a parallel design with a 1:1:1:1 allocation ratio. The TRE and TRE combined with supervised exercise groups will select an 8-hour eating window before the intervention and will maintain it over the intervention. The exercise alone and TRE combined with exercise groups will perform 24 sessions (2 sessions per week+walking intervention) of supervised exercise combining resistance and aerobic high-intensity interval training. All participants will receive nutritional counselling throughout the intervention. The primary outcome is change from baseline to 12 weeks in hepatic fat; secondary outcomes include measures of cardiometabolic health.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by Granada Provincial Research Ethics Committee (CEI Granada—0365-N-23). All participants will be asked to provide written informed consent. The findings will be disseminated in scientific journals and at international scientific conferences.Trial registration numberNCT05897073.
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