The proliferation and transmission of viruses has become a threat to worldwide biosecurity, as exemplified by the current COVID-19 pandemic. Early diagnosis of viral infection and disease control ...have always been critical. Virus detection can be achieved based on various plasmonic phenomena, including propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhanced fluorescence and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. The present review covers all available information on plasmonic-based virus detection, and collected data on these sensors based on several parameters. These data will assist the audience in advancing research and development of a new generation of versatile virus biosensors.
As global threats to human security have expanded significantly in recent years, the reasons and opportunities for innovative technological and educational solutions are more abundant than ever in ...modern human history. In addition to significant environmental, social, and economic threats to sustainability, the COVID-19 epidemic depleted both health issues and economic situations due to the incompetent response of national and international authorities, which caused the economic crisis and rising poverty worldwide. With the world not yet having completely recovered from the epidemic, the war started in Europe with the Russian aggression on neighbouring Ukraine in an attempt to steal by force a large part of the territory of a neighbouring country in grave violation of international law. Despite such a serious international situation, the potential for technological and educational innovations for addressing human security is correspondingly rising. Global peace is the most important precondition for human security. We present innovative opportunities for establishing global peace and discouraging other dictatorships from potential aggressions against their neighbours. Likewise, opportunities for building peaceful, crime-free communities are presented. Human health is the next most important precondition for human security. Opportunities for creative solutions addressing potential future epidemics, and for innovative curing of the worst contemporary diseases are addressed. Innovative opportunities for improving environmental, social, and economic pillars of sustainability are also addressed. Among these opportunities, scientific research and education are the most promising areas of intervention for addressing human security needs and threats. Guidelines for the optimal use of these innovative solutions are also presented.
In today's nanoworld, there is a strong need to manipulate and process materials on an atom-by-atom scale with new tools such as reactive plasma, which in some states enables high selectivity of ...interaction between plasma species and materials. These interactions first involve preferential interactions with precise bonds in materials and later cause etching. This typically occurs based on material stability, which leads to preferential etching of one material over other. This process is especially interesting for polymeric substrates with increasing complexity and a "zoo" of bonds, which are used in numerous applications. In this comprehensive summary, we encompass the complete selective etching of polymers and polymer matrix micro-/nanocomposites with plasma and unravel the mechanisms behind the scenes, which ultimately leads to the enhancement of surface properties and device performance.
Atmospheric pressure plasma jets have been shown to impact several cancer cell lines, both in vitro and in vivo. These effects are based on the biochemistry of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen ...species generated by plasmas in physiological liquids, referred to as plasma-conditioned liquids. Plasma-conditioned media are efficient in the generation of reactive species, inducing selective cancer cell death. However, the concentration of reactive species generated by plasma in the cell culture media of different cell types can be highly variable, complicating the ability to draw precise conclusions due to the differential sensitivity of different cells to reactive species. Here, we compared the effects of direct and indirect plasma treatment on non-malignant bone cells (hOBs and hMSCs) and bone cancer cells (SaOs-2s and MG63s) by treating the cells directly or exposing them to previously treated cell culture medium. Biological effects were correlated with the concentrations of reactive species generated in the liquid. A linear increase in reactive species in the cell culture medium was observed with increased plasma treatment time independent of the volume treated. Values up to 700 µM for H
O
and 140 µM of NO
were attained in 2 mL after 15 min of plasma treatment in AdvDMEM cell culture media. Selectivity towards bone cancer cells was observed after both direct and indirect plasma treatments, leading to a decrease in bone cancer cell viability at 72 h to 30% for the longest plasma treatment times while maintaining the survival of non-malignant cells. Therefore, plasma-conditioned media may represent the basis for a potentially novel non-invasive technique for bone cancer therapy.
The future for plasma science and technology Weltmann, Klaus‐Dieter; Kolb, Juergen F.; Holub, Marcin ...
Plasma processes and polymers,
January 2019, Letnik:
16, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
The application of gas discharge plasmas has assumed an important place in many manufacturing processes. Plasma methods contribute significantly to the economic prosperity of industrialized ...societies. However, plasma is mainly an enabling method and therefore its role remains often hidden. Hence the success of plasma technologies is described for different examples and commercial areas. From these examples and emerging applications, the potential of plasma technologies is discussed. Economic trends are anticipated together with research needs. The community of plasma scientists strongly believes that more exciting advances will continue to foster innovations and discoveries in the first decades of the 21st century, if research and education will be properly funded and sustained by public bodies and industrial investors.
Plasma treatments and processes contribute in many areas to technological advances. Plasma methods are crucial for manufacturing processes in the aerospace and automotive industry, the treatment of optics, glass, plastics and textiles, and for the generation and distribution of electrical energy. In general, many of the latest developments and trends are based at least in part on the successful implementation of a plasma process. Plasma treatments have demonstrated unique benefits and potential for environmental remediation and protection technologies, for medical therapies, and towards agriculture. The range of applications is steadily growing, based on dedicated research and development by a committed research community. However, continuing progress requires the ongoing support and interest of the societies that benefit from the accomplishments.
The cellulose-based products are gaining increased interest, especially as a top-choice material for replacing plastics in packaging-related fields. Nevertheless, the high inherent wettability often ...hinders its advancement in becoming an efficient substitute in packaging industry. To bridge this challenge,the fluorocarbon plasma processing was implemented for improvement of cellulose surface hydrophobicity. This was done on the example of nanofibrils films exposed to CF4 plasma, in order to achieve hydrophilic to hydrophobic conversion in less than 10s. The saturation of water contact angle (approximately 130± 5°) was obtained after only 30s of plasma processing. The surface fluorination was the result of the presence of newly formed C–F3, C–F2 and C–F bonds confirmed by high-resolution C 1s XPS spectra. A prolonged continuous plasma functionalization resulted in structural vibrational alterations associated mostly with intense IR and Raman active stretching C–F2 mode. Simultaneously, ATR-FTIR revealed a formation of the surface-linked IR active H–F functional group. Our findings successfully demonstrate that the CF4 plasma processing can be an effective way for ultrafast cellulose conversion from hydrophilic to hydrophobic surface.
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•Ultrafast hydrophobic cellulose nanofibrils films fabrication by cold plasma.•Hydrophilic to hydrophobic conversion of the surface by cold plasma fluorination.•Achieved water contact angles as high as 130°after 30 s of treatment.•In-depth FTIR, Raman, XPS and SEM analysis of the modified surface.
In this paper, we explore the development of copper oxide layers and their evolution into nanowires on thermally oxidized copper and underlying chemical processes governing the growth of ...unidirectional, one-dimensional copper oxide (CuO), especially focusing on the role of underlying oxide layers. Extensive experimental data sets of grown nanowires in an ambient atmosphere at different oxidation temperatures and times were collected, analysed, and correlated with theoretical modeling of growth processes. Detailed microstructural analysis revealed that upon annealing in air, the Cu2O layer of randomly oriented columnar grains forms first, followed by preferentially oriented CuO grains, evolving into CuO nanowires. Our results highlight the importance of copper and oxygen diffusion and concentration in equilibrium between Cu2O and CuO phases in the oxide film and indicate that CuO nanowires originate in twinned CuO grains, which elongate due to the twin boundary’s instability. With broad experimental data sets on growth conditions, we obtain the complete picture of experimental and modeled growth of copper oxide nanowires, which will enable the tailored design of nanowires and their implementation in catalysis, sensing, and other applications.
► Evaluation of interactions of plasma species with surface, in our case predominatly neutral oxygen atoms and their consumption through processing. ► Surface heating due to extensive chemical ...interactions between the O atoms and graphite suface. ► Functionalization of the surface in respect to treatment time, where the number of the carbonyl groups is affected be increased surface temperature.
Samples made from sintered graphite with grain size of about 10μm were exposed to highly non-equilibrium oxygen plasma created in a borosilicate glass tube by an electrodeless RF discharge. The density of charged particles was about 7×1015m−3 and the neutral oxygen atom density 6×1021m−3. The sample temperature was determined by a calibrated IR detector while the surface modifications were quantified by XPS and water drop techniques. The sample surface was rapidly saturated with carbonyl groups. Prolonged treatment of samples caused a decrease in concentration of the groups what was explained by thermal destruction. Therefore, the created functional groups were temperature dependent. The heating of samples resulted in extensive chemical interaction between the O atoms and samples what was best monitored by decreasing of the O atom density with increasing sample temperature. The saturation with functional groups could be restored only after cooling down of the samples and repeated short plasma treatment at low temperature.
Understanding the interactions between ionized matter and neutral particles is a prerequisite for discovering their impact on natural phenomena. One such phenomenon is the electric wind, which ...supposedly occurs due to the charged particle-neutral coupling in systems of weakly ionized gases, but this mechanism remains unclear. Here, we report direct evidence that electric wind is caused by an electrohydrodynamic force generated by the charged particle drag as a result of the momentum transfer from electrons/ions to neutrals. The model experiment is based on a pulsed plasma jet as a source of weakly ionized gases generated in the helium gas at atmospheric pressure using Schlieren photography. Studying the helium gas flow trajectories at different discharge parameters allows one to distinguish between the effects of streamer propagation or space charge drift causing the electric wind as well as to determine the role of electrons and (positive) ions in wind generation.
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