Bovine tuberculosis is a chronic disease of a zoonotic character that occurs in cattle and a wide range of domestic and wild animals. In this paper, bovine tuberculosis caused by M. caprae in six ...small household herds in Bosnia and Herzegovina was described. For the identification of the disease and determination of the causative agent comparative tuberculin skin test (TST), pathomorphology, microbiology and molecular methods were applied. Twenty-eight cows from five households from the Livno region (25/28 animals) and one household from the Vitez region (3/28 animals) were euthanized after being found positive by the comparative TST test. Eleven animals from five households from the Livno region (9/11 animals) and one household from the Vitez region (2/11 animals) were subject to field necropsy, and lesions consistent with tuberculosis were observed on the lymph nodes of the thoracic cavity and lungs in all carcasses. Histopathologic examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed the presence of specific granulomatous lesions, while Ziehl-Neelsen staining demonstrated the presence of very few acid fast bacteria. Mediastinal lymph nodes from seven necropsied animals (two animals from the Vitez region and five animals from five flocks from the Livno region) were submitted for bacteriology. Acid fast bacteria from five out of the seven submitted samples from one animal from the Vitez region and four animals from four households from the Livno region were isolated. All isolates were identified as M. caprae. By MIRU typing we found two different M. caprae genotypes, unique to Bosnia and Herzegovina. Our findings represent the first evidence of bovine tuberculosis caused by M. caprae in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Key words: cattle, tuberculosis, Mycobacterium caprae, Bosnia and Herzegovina, epidemiology Tuberkuloza goveda je kronicna bolest zoonotskog karaktera koja se javlja u goveda i velikog broja domacih i divljih zivotinja. U ovom je radu opisana tuberkuloza goveda izazvana vrstom M. caprae u sest malih domacinstava u Bosni i Hercegovini. Za dokazivanje bolesti i determinaciju uzrocnika rabljen je komparativni tuberkulinski kozni test (TKT), patomorfoloski i mikrobioloski nalaz te molekularne metode. Dvadeset i osam krava iz pet domacinstava na podrucju Livna (25/28 zivotinja) i jednog domacinstva na podrucju Viteza (3/28 zivotinja) bilo je eutanazirano nakon sto su bile pozitivne na komparativni TKT test. Jedanaest zivotinja iz pett domacinstava na podrucju Livna (9/11 Zivotinja) i jednog domacinstva na podrucju Viteza (2/11 Zivotinja) bilo je razudeno u terenskim uvjetima. Na svim truplima bile su uocene lezije osebujne za tuberkulozu na limfnim cvorovima torakalne supljine i na plucima. Histopatoloskom pretragom, bojenjem hematoksilin eozinom bila je potvrctena prisutnost specificnih granulomatoznih lezija dok je bojenje po Ziehl-Neelsenu pokazallo prisutnost veoma malog broja acidorezistentnih bakterija. Na bakteriolosku pretragu dostavljeni su medijastinalni limfni cvorovi od sedam razuctenih Zivotinja (dvije Zivotinje s podrucja Viteza i pet Zivotinja iz pet domacinstava s podrucja Livna). Acidorezistentne bakterije bile su izdvojene iz pet od sedam uzoraka dostavljenih na pretragu,, i to od jedne zivotinje s podrucja Viteza i cetiri zivotinje iz cetiri domacinstva s podrucja Livna. Svi su izolati identificirani kao M. caprae. MIRU tipizacijom ustanovili smo dva razlicita, za Bosnu i Herrcegovinu jedinstvena genotipa M. caprae. Nasi nalazi predstavljaju prvi dokaz tuberrkuloze goveda uzrokovane vrstom M. caprae u Bosni i Hercegovini. Kljucne rijeci: govedo, tuberkuloza, Mycobacterium caprae, Bosna i Hercegovina, epidemiologija
During the research period (2001-2005), the lymph nodes of 123 wild boars from seven locations in the Republic of Croatia were tested for the presence of mycobacteria. Mycobacteria were isolated from ...the lymph nodes of 15 (12.2%) wild boars from five locations. Specific hybridization showed that 11 (8.9%) isolates belonged to M. avium, 2 (1.6%) isolates were typed as M. fortuitum, and 2 (1.6%) isolates belonged to M. gordonae. All 11 isolates belonging to M. avium sp. were tested by means of the specific primers PI FR300 and P2 FR300. Product size in all isolates was 300 bp, which confirms thatM avium subsp. hominissuis was present in all of them. As in swine from intensive farming, M. avium subsp. hominissuis is a dominant mycrobacteria type in wild boar in Croatia. The results lead to the conclusion that the most important source for wild boar is an environment suitable for the development and survival of M. avium subsp. hominissuis, as confirmed in earlier research studies by other authors. Key words: wild boar, Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, Croatia Tijekom istrazivanog razdoblja (2001. do 2005.) radi pretrage na prisutnost mikobakterija obradeni su limfni cvorovi 123 divlje svinje iz sedam lokaliteta u Republici Hrvatskoj. Mikobakterije su izdvojene iz limfnih cvorova 15 (12,2%) divljih svinja iz pet lokaliteta. Specificnom hibridizacijom dokazano je da 11 (8,9%) izolata pripada vrsti M. avium sp., 2 (1,6%) izolata tipizirana su kao M. fortuitum, a 2 (1,6%) izolata pripadali su vrsti M. gordonae. Svih 11 izolata koji su pripadali M. avium sp. testirani su pomocu specificnih pocetnica P1 FR300 i P2 FR300. U svih izolata velicina proizvoda iznosila je 300 parova baza sto potvrduje da se u svih radi o vrsti M. avium subsp. hominissuis. Kao i u svinja iz intenzivnog uzgoja, M. avium subsp. hominissuis predstavlja dominantnu vrstu mikobakterija u divljih svinja u Hrvatskoj. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata moze se zakljuciti daje po svemu sudeci najvazniji izvor za divlje svinje okolis koji pogoduje razvoju i opstankuM avium subsp. hominissuis, sto potvrduju i ranija istrazivanja drugih autora. Kljucne rijeci: divlja svinja, Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis, Hrvatska
The disk diffusion method was employed to assess the sensitivity of 256 Escherichia (E.) coli, 42 Salmonella spp. and 62 Streptococcus (S.) suis isolates to 13 antimicrobials, and of 108 Pasteurella ...(R) multocida and 44 Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae isolates to 14 antimicrobials. All study isolates were obtained from diagnostic material collected at 8 large pig breeding farms in Croatia. E. coli isolates showed the highest rate of resistance to oxytetracycline, streptomycin and ampicillin (98e/a, 91e/a and 85e/a of isolates, respectively), whereas 87e/a of the isolates were resistant to 4 or more antimicrobials. Salmonella spp. isolates were most sensitive to enrofloxacin and colistin (all isolates), whereas highest rate of resistance was recorded to oxytetracycline and streptomycin (86e/a and 67e/a of isolates, respectively). More than 90e/a of P. multocida isolates were sensitive to ampicillin, amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, colistin, florfenicol and enrofloxacin, whereas the highest rate of resistance was observed to streptomycin and nalidixic acid (59% and 43e/a, respectively). S. suis isolates were most sensitive to cefotaxime and florfenicol (94e/a of isolates both), whereas the highest resistance was recorded to streptomycin (100%). All A. pleuropneumoniae isolates showed sensitivity to amoxicillin with clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, florfenicol and enrofloxacin, and more than 90e/a of these isolates were sensitive to penicillin G, ampicillin, colistin, gentamicin and spectinomycin, whereas the highest rate of resistance was recorded to nalidixic acid and streptomycin (59e/a and 36e/a, respectively). Sensitivity to all antimicrobials tested was recorded in 27e/a of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates, whereas 41o/a of these isolates were resistant to one, and 27e/a to 2-4 of the antimicrobials tested. Of the bacterial species included in the study, the highest rate of antimicrobial resistance was recorded in E. coli, and lowest rate in A. pleuropneumoniae isolates. Key words: antimicrobial sensitivity, E. coli, Salmonella spp., P. multocida, S. suis, A. pleuropneumoniae Disk difuzijskom metodom istrazena je osjetljivost 256 izolata Escherichia (E.) coli, 42 izolata Salmonella spp. i 62 izolata Streptococcus (S.) suis na 13 antimikrobnih lijekova, to 108 izolata Pasteurella (P.) multocida, i 44 izolata Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae na 14 antimikrobnih lijekova. Svi su izolati bili izdvojeni iz dijagnostickoga materijala s 8 velikih svinjogojskih farmi u Hrvatskoj. U E. coli najveci stupanj rezistencije utvrden je na oksitetraciklin (98% izolata), streptomicin (91% izolata) i ampicilin (85% izolata), to je 87% izolata bilo rezistentno na 4 i viSe antimikrobnih lijekova. Izolati Salmonella spp. bili su najosjetljiviji na enrofloksacin i kolistin (svi izolati), a najveci postotak otpomosti utvrden je na oksiteraciklin (86%) i streptomicin (67%). ViSe od 90% izolata P. multocida bilo je osjetljivo na ampicilin, amoksicilin s klavulanskom kiselinom, cefotaksim, kolistin, florfenikol i enrofloksacin. Najveca rezistencija bakterije P. multocida utvrdena je na streptomicin (59%) i nalidiksicnu kiselinu (43%). Izolati vrste Streptococcus suis bili su najosjeljiviji na cefotaksim i florfenikol (94% osjetljivih izolata), a najveca rezistencija utvrdena je na streptomicin (100%). Svi testirani izolati vrste A. pleuropneumoniue bili su osjetljvvi amoksicilin s kluvulanskom kiselinom, cefotaksim, florfenikol i enrofloksucin, a vige od 90% izolata bilo je osjetljivo na penicilin G, ampicilin, kolistin, gentamicin i spektinomicin. Najveca rezistencija utvrdena je na nalidiksicnu kiselinu (59%) i streptomicin (36%). Na sve testirane antimikrobne lijekove bilo je osjetljivo 27% izoluta A. pleuropneumoniue, a 41% izolata bilo je rezistentno na jedun testirani antimikrobni lijek, dok je 27% izolata bilo otporno na 2 do 4 antimikrobna lijeka. Od testiranih bakterijskih vrsta najveci stupanj rezistencije imali su izolati E. coli, dok su izolati A. pleuropneumoniue imali najmanji stupanj rezistencije. Kljucne rijeci: antimikrobna osjetljivost, E. coli, Salmonella spp., P. multocida, S. suis, A. pleuropneumoniue
We describe a case of transmission of Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis infection from a man to cattle. M. tuberculosis was isolated from the bronchial lymph nodes of a heifer that reacted positively ...to bovine tuberculin but showed no gross pathological changes at slaughter. The cattle owner died of tuberculosis the same year the heifer was diagnosed with M. tuberculosis infection. M. tuberculosis strains isolated from the heifer and its owner were genotyped by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units--variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing, which revealed identical MIRU profiles for both isolates. This is the first described case of M. tuberculosis infection in cattle and the first case of human-to-animal transmission of M. tuberculosis in Croatia. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, cattle, Croatia Opisan je slucaj prijenosa zaraze vrstom Mycobacterium (M.) tuberculosis s covjeka na govedo. M tuberculosis je izdvojen iz bronhalnih limfnih cvorova junice koja je pozitivno reagirala na tuberkulin, a prilikom klanja nisu utvrdene patomorfoloske promjene karakteristicne za tuberkulozu. Iste godine vlasnik goveda je preminuo od posljedica tuberkuloze. Izolati M. tuberculosis iz goveda i covjeka bili su genotipizirani pomocu metode odredivanja promjenjivog broja opetovanih sljedova nukleotida (engl. mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units--variable-number tandem repeat MIRU-VNTR) i u oba je slucaja bio utvrden identican rezultat genotipizacije. Ovo je prvi opisani slucaj zaraze vrstom M. tuberculosis u goveda i prvi slucaj prijenosa ove bolesti s covjeka na govedo u Hrvatskoj. Kjucne rijeci: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, govedo, Hrvatska
To determine the general health status of the main prey species of wolf (Canis lupus) and lynx (Lynx lynx), we examined 66 cervids (41 red deer -Cervus elaphus and 25 roe deer -Capreolus capreolus), ...shot in two hunting areas of Gorski kotar during the hunting season in 2007. We collected a total of 687 organ samples of shot deer, where 472 samples belonged to red deer and 215 samples to roe deer. Analyses were performed for various parasite invasions, non-specific bacterial infections and for three specific bacteria. In fi ve (12.2%) samples of red deer and seven (17.1%) roe deer, we determined the presence of Streptococcus sp. Specifi c tests for Mycobacterium sp., Brucella sp. and Leptospira sp. were all negative. The prevalence of Dictyocaulus spp., Ostertagia spp. and Elaphostrongylus cervi in red deer was 29.3%, 17.1% and 14.6%, respectively. The prevalence of Chabertia ovina, Ostertagia spp. and Trichostrongylus spp. in roe deer was 36.0%, 24.0% and 20.0%, respectively. The estimated number of red deer and roe deer in the hunting areas Smrekova Draga (182 km.sup.2) and Bjelolasica (303 km.sup.2) in the management year 2007-2008 were 430 and 290 respectively, with densities of 236 and 148 individuals per 100 km.sup.2. The low prevalence of parasite invasions and the absence of serious bacterial infections were the consequences of low ungulate densities, and the presence of large carnivores--Duro predators that quickly eliminate animals weakened by disease. Key words: red deer, Cervus elaphus, roe deer, Capreolus capreolus, parasites, bacteria, Croatia Zdravstveno stanje jelena i srna u Gorskom kotaru u Hrvatskoj Za odredivanje opcega zdravstvenoga stanja glavnih vrsta plijena vuka (Canis lupus) i risa (Lynx lynx), pretrazeno je 66 cervida (41 jelen -Cervus elaphus i 25 srna -Capreolus capreolus), odstrijeljenih u dva lovista na podrucju Gorskoga kotara tijekom lovne sezone u 2007. godini. Sakupljeno je ukupno 687 uzoraka organa, od cega je 427 bilo od jelena, a 215 od srna. Provedene su pretrage na razne parazitske invazije, nespecificne bakterijske infekcije, te za tri specificne bakterijske infekcije. U pet (12,2%) uzoraka jelena i sedam (17,1%) srna bio je prisutan Streptococcus sp. Testovi na Mycobacterium sp., Brucella sp. i Leptospira sp. bili su negativni. Zastupljenost parazita Dictyocaulus spp., Ostertagia spp. i Elaphostrongylus cervi u jelena bila je 29,3%, 17,1%, odnosno 14,6%. Zastupljenost parazita Chabertia ovina, Ostertagia spp. i Trichostrongylus spp. u srna bila je 36,0%, 24,0% odnosno 20,0%. Procijenjeni broj jelena i srna u lovistima Smrekova Draga (182 km.sup.2) i Bjelolasica (303 km.sup.2) u lovnoj godini 2007./2008. bio je 430 odnosno 290, s gustocama od 236 i 148 jedinki na 100 km.sup.2. Niska zastupljenost parazitarnih invazija i odsutnost ozbiljnijih bakterijskih zaraza, bile su posljedica niske gustoce parnoprstasa i prisutnosti velikih zvijeri - grabezljivaca koji hitro uklanjaju zivotinje oslabljene bolescu. Kljucne rijeci: crveni jelen, Cervus elaphus, srna, Capreolus capreolus, paraziti, bakterije, Hrvatska
Bruceloza je bolest koja se može manifestirati brojnim kliničkih simptoma i zahvaćenošću u gotovo svih organa. U zadnjih 15-ak godina bruceloza je poprimila karakteristike endemske bolesti u Bosni i ...Hercegovini. U ovom radu je prikazana pedesetosmogodišnjakinja koja je primljena u Kliniku za infektivne bolesti Sveučilišne kliničke bolnice Mostar zbog bolova koji su se širili iz područja lumbalne kralježnice u noge unatrag dva mjeseca te vrućice koja se pojavila dva dana prije prijama u bolnicu. Prikupljanjem epidemioloških podataka doznalo se kako je bolesnica u izravnom svakodnevnom kontaktu s ovcama, a dijagnostičko promišljanje u smjeru bruceloze je potvrđeno serološkom pretragom reakcije vezanja komplementa (RVK). Zbog neuroloških tegoba učinjena je magnetna rezonanca (MRI) lumbalne kralježnice i scintigrafija kostiju, koje su ukazivale na postojanost spondilodiscitisa s epiduralnim apscesom u području kralješka L5, a konzervativno liječenje je nastavljeno ukupno 18 mjeseci. Ovim prikazom smo htjeli ukazati na složenost dijagnostičkih pretraga i liječenja težih koštanih komplikacija bruceloze.
Tuberculosis is a common occurrence in pigs, which are susceptible to infection with both Mycobacterium (M.) avium subsp. avium and M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The aim of this study was to present a ...case of tuberculosis in a batch of quarantined pigs, imported to Croatia from Austria. Diagnostic examination of 125 quarantined animals included a comparative tuberculin skin test with avian and bovine tuberculin. As 67.2 % of pigs showed either positive or suspicious reaction to avian tuberculin, the animals were retested. The results of the second skin test revealed an even higher proportion of reactors (91.1 %). Therefore, the State Veterinary Office ordered slaughtering of the animals, and post-mortem examination (gross examination and bacteriology) of the lymph nodes of 121 pigs was performed for diagnostic purposes. Gross tuberculous lesions were observed in 107 pigs (88.59 %), mostly in mesenteric lymph nodes (52.1 %). M. avium subsp. hominissuis, identified with molecular methods, was isolated from 113 pigs (93.4 %). This report stresses the importance of effective preventive and control measures which are necessary on farms raising animals for breeding purposes.
U ovom radu praćene su promjene u razini protutijela i promjene u titru virusa tijekom tri godine u perzistentno zaražene krave. Perzistentna zaraza je dokazana imunoenzimnim testom i izdvajanjem ...virusa u uzorcima krvnog seruma uzorkovanima dvaput u razmaku od 3 tjedna. Radi dokazivanja promjene u razini protutijela i titru virusa krv je od spomenute krave uzorkovana svakih šest mjeseci. Također su prikupljeni i praćeni podaci o mliječnosti krave. Titar virusa bio je 104,5 tijekom cijelog istraživanja pri čemu nije zabilježena pojava specifičnih protutijela. Mliječnost je bila iznad prosjeka tijekom cijeloga istraživanja. Prosječna dnevna proizvodnja mlijeka tijekom 305 dana laktacije 2009. i 2010. godine iznosila je 21 odnosno 25 L, a tijekom prvih 5 mjeseci 2011. godine 15 L. Krava je izlučena iz stada u dobi od sedam godina.
Over a period of five years (2002-2007) a total of 351 wild boar (Sus scrofa) serum samples were collected during regular hunting procedures. All samples were tested by microscopic agglutination test ...(MAT) for the presence of specific antibodies (AB) to 12 Leptospira spp. serovars. At different sera dilutions ((ranging from 100 to 3200) 112 samples (31.9%) were found positive to at least one pathogenic serovar, and AB to nine Leptospira spp. serovars were detected: Australis, Pomona, Tarassovi, Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Ballum, Saxkoebing, and Bataviae. In total we recorded 147 positive reactions of which the majority (N = 101; 68.7%) were found positive at basic dilution (BD = 100), whereas 31.3% (N=46) reactions were detected positive at higher dilutions. The most frequent serovar was Australis (33.3%), followed by the serovars Pomona (21.8%) and Tarassovi (14.3%), whilst the serovars Australis and Pomona recorded the highest AB titer (3200) and showed statistically significant frequency in cross-reactions (recorded in 23.8% cases). We found significant differences between AB prevalence in different age groups, with the highest distinction between detected positive samples in piglets ((21..5%)) and adult specimens ((50..8%)).. According to the aerial distribution,, the highest percentaage off positive wild boar samples originated from lowland habitats in regions of Posavina (Novska--46.8%, Kutina--45.3%) and Slavonija and Baranja (Tikves--43.6%). Considering the fact that the wild boar population in Croatia is showing a constant tendency to grow, further research is indispensable to clarify the role of wild boar in the transmission of leptospirosis to other wild and domestic species.. Key words: Leptospira spp., wild boar, Sus scrofa, serology, Croatia Tijjekom perioda od pet godina ((2002..--2007..)) ukupno jje pregledan 351 uzorak seruma divljjih svinjja ((Sus scrofa) iz kontinentalnoga podrucja Hrvatske. Uzorci su prikupljeni tijekom uobicajenih lovnih aktivnosti te su bili pretrazeni mikroskopskom aglutinacijom na prisutnost specificnih protutijela za 12 razlicitih serovara Leptospira spp. Pri razlicitim razrjetenjima seruma (u rasponu od 100 do 3200) u 112 uzoraka (31,9%) ustanovljena je pozitivna seroloska reakcija na najmanje jedan patogeni serovar. Ukupno smo utvrdili protutijela za devet serovara Leptospira spp. kako slijedi:: Australis, Pomona, Tarasovi, Sejroe, Grippotyphosa, Icterohaemorhagiae, Balum, Saxkoebing i Bataviae. Vecinski udio od 68,7% (N = 101) ukupno utvrtenih pozitivnih reakcija (N = 147) registriran je pri osnovnom razrjetenju (OR = 100), dok je preostali dio 31,3% (N = 46) pozitivnih reakcija zabiljezen pri vecim razrjectenjima. Kao najucestaliji serovar u serumu divljih svinjja izdvojili smo Australis ((33,,3%)), a potom su slijedili Pomona ((21,,8%)) i Tarasovi ((14,,3%)). Serovarovi Australis i Pomona iskazali su najvisi titar protutijela ((3200)), kao i statisticki znacajnu ucestalost pojavljivanja u "mectureakcijama" ko-aglutinacije, koje su zabiljezene u 23,8% slucajeva. Utvrdili smo znacajne razlike u prevalenciji specificnih protutijela s obzirom na dobne razrede divljih svinja, tako da je najveca razlika izmetu pozitivnih seroloskih reakcija utvrtena pri komparaciji prasadi ((21,5%) i odraslih jedinki ((50,8%). S obzirom na prostornu raspodjelu najvisi postotak pozitivnih uzoraka u kontineentalnojj populaciji divljih svinja ustanovljen jje u nizzinskim podrucjima Posavine ((Novska--46,8%, Kutina--45,3%)) te Slavonije i Baranjje ((Tikves--43,6%)). S obzirom na cinjenicu da brojjnost populacije divljih svinja u Hrvatskojj iskazuje tendenciju konstantnog rasta, nuznost daljnjih epidemioloskih istrazivanja uloge divljih svinja u prijenosu leptospiroze namece se kao buduci imperativ. Kljucne rijeci: Leptospira spp., divlje svinje, Sus scrofa, serologija, Hrvatska
Mycobacterium (M.) avium subsp. avium, the causative agent of avian tuberculosis, primarily affects the birds but may often be isolated from granulomatous lesions in pigs and occasionally from cattle ...and other animals. In this study, a total of nine M. avium subsp. avium isolates collected between 2001 and 2006 from poultry (n=4), wild boars (n=2), pigs (n=2) and cattle (n=1) were investigated by IS901 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis using two restriction endonucleases (PvuII and PstI) and by mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units - variable-number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing. Digestion with the restriction endonuclease PvuII resulted in three RFLP types F, Q and M. Digestion with PstI was successfully accomplished in eight isolates demonstrating four RFLP types A29, A31, A32 and A33, of which the last three have not been described before. Combination of PvuII and PstI restriction patterns revealed four RFLP types F-A29, F-A31, F-A32 and M-A33, respectively. No epizootiological connection was found among the isolates expressing the predominant RFLP type F-A29, which was discovered in pig, wild boar and poultry. MIRU-VNTR typing resulted in four MIRU-VNTR types; among them, two were regarded as new. The most frequent type 34131127 was detected in four isolates from wild boars, pig and poultry. The combination of both typing methods revealed seven distinct RFLP/MIRU-VNTR genotypes; among them, six were unique. This work represents the first genotyping research of M. avium subsp. avium strains isolated from different animal species in Croatia. Notwithstanding the small number of investigated isolates, the results indicate a relatively high genetic diversity of M. avium subsp. avium in animals and suggest a combination of RFLP and MIRU-VNTR typing as a suitable approach to genotyping of M. avium subsp. avium isolates.
