Abstract
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of droughts and heatwaves in Europe, leading to effects on forest growth and major forest dieback events due to hydraulic ...failure caused by xylem embolism. Inter-specific variability in embolism resistance has been studied in detail, but little is known about intra-specific variability, particularly in marginal populations. We evaluated 15 European beech populations, mostly from geographically marginal sites of the species distribution range, focusing particularly on populations from the dry southern margin. We found small, but significant differences in resistance to embolism between populations, with xylem pressures causing 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity ranging from −2.84 to −3.55 MPa. Significant phenotypic clines of increasing embolism resistance with increasing temperature and aridity were observed: the southernmost beech populations growing in a warmer drier climate and with lower habitat suitability have higher resistance to embolism than those from Northern Europe growing more favourable conditions. Previous studies have shown that there is little or no difference in embolism resistance between core populations, but our findings show that marginal populations have developed ways of protecting their xylem based on either evolution or plasticity.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) contaminates wine all round the world, and its consumption may significantly increase human exposure to this toxin. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and ...high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for OTA analysis were tested on must and wine samples collected in Croatia. The results of ELISA and HPLC analysis of OTA in naturally contaminated red wines correlated well (
r
=
0.821), and the correlation was better at higher OTA concentrations. In contrast to HPLC, ELISA could not detect very low OTA concentrations. OTA concentrations in must (range 19–50
ng/l) were higher than in the wines (range 0–21
ng/l). No must samples showed the presence of
Aspergillus carbonarius, which is a common OTA-producing mould affecting grapes.
In July of 2007, fire blight symptoms were observed on Cotoneaster dammeri cv. Skogholm in a nursery near Županja, Vukovarsko-Srijemska County, in eastern Croatia. In this region, the first outbreak ...of fire blight was noted on apple in 1995 (2). Symptoms on cotoneaster were necrotic shoots and petioles. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) with polyclonal antibodies (Loewe Biochemica GmbH, Sauerlach, Germany) was performed on extracts from blighted C. dammeri cv. Skogholm shoots and were found to be positive for Erwinia amylovora. Round, mucoid, whitish colonies were isolated from extracts of plant tissues with symptoms of fire blight spread on King's medium B and incubated for 2 days at 28°C. Bacterial ooze and necrosis of the inoculation site were observed on immature pear fruits inoculated with a 10⁶ CFU/ml suspension of the isolate. Bacteria were reisolated and the species identity was confirmed by PCR and primers targeting pEA29 DNA (1). E. amylovora was previously reported only on native Cotoneaster spp. (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of fire blight on C. dammeri cv. Skogholm from a commercial ornamental nursery in Croatia.
Estimating thermal effect of so called double-skin fa?ades on energy
performance of buildings with two envelopes, a proprietary mathematical model
of heat transfer through double-skin fa?ades has ...been developed. A very
specific approach of the mathematical model presented here is based on
prediction of the double-skin fa?ades interspace temperature and assumption
that fa?ade could be treated as a single one declaring the interspace
temperature and reduced intensity of solar radiation as the ?outdoor?
conditions. In this paper results of the heating and cooling loads as well as
the interspace temperature prediction compared for three months (January,
April and July) and for the west oriented fa?ade with ordinary and absorption
glass are presented. Fa?ade is placed under climatic conditions of Belgrade
(45? North Latitude). Also, results for weather conditions of sunny and
cloudy day are shown. Results includes influence of air velocity in
interspace of fa?ades for April and July. Following a type of the double-skin
fa?ade construction assumption it was implied that the space between the two
envelopes is closed during the winter mode for air circulation, in order to
have temperature higher inside than outside and opposite in the summer mode,
air inlet and outlet are opened in order to prevent much higher temperatures
than the outside ones, and higher cooling load of an air-conditioned
building, as a consequence. Taking only thermal effects into account,
presented prediction has proven that double-skin fa?ades decrease both
building heat losses and heat gains throughout the year, and give significant
contribution to the building energy consumption savings.
nema
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fifteen provenances of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) were evaluated for stability and adaptability by height growth at four test sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1), Croatia (1) and Serbia (2). ...Provenance trials were established in spring 2007 by planting 2- and 3-yearold seedlings and arranged in a randomized complete block design. The data from seven 6- year-old and eight 5-year-old provenances were obtained in 2009 and analyzed separately. Finlay and Wilkinson’s regression analysis and Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction model (AMMI model) were used to assess provenance by site interaction (P × S) and to identify beech provenances that have high and stable performance in different environments, at the juvenile stage of development. Analysis of variance showed that effects of provenance, site, and P×S interaction are highly significant (p<0.001) in both age groups. Linear regression model evidenced that most of the provenances had regression coefficients not significantly different from unity (b=1.0), except for provenances Sjeverni Dilj Caglinski (HR24) and Vranica-Bistrica (BA59). The partitioning of the total sum of squares (SS) exhibited that the site effect was the predominant source of variation in both age groups of provenances (50.7% and 38.5%, respectively). Additionally, regression analysis explained 15.8% and 33.2% of provenance by site interaction terms, in provenances age six and five years, respectively, while the AMMI analysis accounted for 62.2% and 78.7% in P×S interaction. The results of AMMI showed that the first principal component (PC1) was statistically significant in both age groups. Adaptability and stability of provenances to the test sites were estimated with AMMI1 and AMMI2 biplots. Provenance Sjeverni Dilj Caglinski (HR24) showed constant performance over tested sites, characterizing with aboveaverage height growth at low yielding environments. Provenances HR25 and BA61 showed the opposite type of adaptation, being adapted to high yielding sites. Provenance Valkonya (HU42) was characterized by IPCA1 score close to zero and above average mean height growth, suggesting general adaptation to the tested environments. The implication of P×S was discussed in light of impact of climate change on beech and selection of most suitable provenances for future reforestation programs.
The study was designed to identify seed-borne fungi on bean (
Phaseolus vulgaris L.) crops grown in 13 counties of the Republic of Croatia and their association with ochratoxin A (OTA) production. ...Bean samples (
N
=
45) were collected in Croatia in 2001 shortly after the harvest and were stored at −20
°C for mycological and mycotoxin analyses. The most common fungi isolated were
Cladosporium spp. (98%)
Alternaria spp. (75%),
Aspergillus spp. (73%),
Rhizopus spp. (73%),
Penicillium spp. (69%),
Fusarium spp. (38%),
Botrytis spp. (27%),
Trichothecium spp. (24%), and
Chaetomium spp. (18%). OTA was found only in samples contaminated with
Penicillium and
Aspergillus spp. Using HPLC (detection limit 0.25
μg/kg), OTA was found in 17 out of 45 samples (38%), and the mean concentration in positive samples was 0.41
±
0.21
μg
OTA/kg. Beans from south Croatia (Adriatic coast) were OTA-free and the least mould-infected, while the mean OTA concentration and mould infection of samples from other regions were similar. The OTA contamination of beans in our country is low. Although beans are not severely contaminated with OTA, their consumption may contribute to the exposure to OTA from other commodities.
Chikungunya is a contagious disease caused by Chikungunya virus, an arbovirus from the Togaviridae family. This infection is mostly spread by mosquitoes from the genus Aedes, especially Aedes ...albopiclus, which have spread from Asia to America and Europe including some countries surrounding Serbia. EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES: The outbreak of epidemics has been reported in Philippines, Sumatra, Java, Indonesia, West Africa region (from Senegal to Cameroon), Congo, Nigeria, Angola, Uganda, Guinea, Malawi, Central African Republic, Burundi, South Africa and India. At the beginning of the 21st century, large outbreaks were recorded on the island of Réunion. During 2006, 1.400.000 cases of chikungunya infection were recorded in India. Local transmission of infection in continental Europe was reported from Northeast Italy (254 suspected and 78 laboratory confirmed cases in Emilia-Romagna region) and France (two cases in 2010). From December 2013 to June 2014, 5.294 confirmed cases and more than 180.000 suspected cases of chikungunya were reported in the Caribbean.
The disease presents suddenly with fever, rush and arthralgia. In general, chikungunya is a mild self - limited disease. Less often, it may be presented with signs of meningoencephalitis or fulminant hepatitis, sometimes with fatal outcome.
Fast developing international traffic and booming tourism as well as the vector spreading from its homeland make chikungunya a real threat to our country.
Botrytis cinerea, the cause of grey mould, is a 1999 we conducted trials in order to analyse the efficacy of the pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and fenhexamide and to test sensitivity of B. cinerea to them ...in vineyard in which these ingredients had been applied intensively, but also in vineyards where they had never been used. Resistant B. cinerea strains to each ingredient were determined in both types of vineyards.
During trials (1998-2001) in the strawberry's plantation of the cv. Marmolade we monitored the appearance of the most important fungal diseases, their biology and possibilities of integrated control. ...Monitoring the biology of the determined fungi we established the way of overwintering, appearance of fruiting bodies and discharging of spores as well as beginning of primary infection and first symptoms of the following fungi: Mycosphaerella fragariae, Diplocarpon earliana, Gnomonia comari, Phomopsis obscurans on leaves and Botrytis cinerea on fruits. While checking the efficacy of fungicides, those most effecting to leaf diseases were Folicur Multi and Quadris, and on B. cinerea Switch and Teldor. Testing the resistance on botryticides the fungus B. cinerea showed low level of resistance to anilinopyrimidines and phenilsulfamides and high level to dicarboximides.
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