Cerebral ischemia is accompanied by fulminant cellular and humoral inflammatory changes in the brain which contribute to lesion development after stroke. A tight interplay between the brain and the ...peripheral immune system leads to a biphasic immune response to stroke consisting of an early activation of peripheral immune cells with massive production of proinflammatory cytokines followed by a systemic immunosuppression within days of cerebral ischemia that is characterized by massive immune cell loss in spleen and thymus. Recent work has documented the importance of T lymphocytes in the early exacerbation of ischemic injury. The lipid signaling mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate-derived stable analog FTY720 (fingolimod) acts as an immunosuppressant and induces lymphopenia by preventing the egress of lymphocytes, especially T cells, from lymph nodes. We found that treatment with FTY720 (1
mg/kg) reduced lesion size and improved neurological function after experimental stroke in mice, decreased the numbers of infiltrating neutrophils, activated microglia/macrophages in the ischemic lesion and reduced immunohistochemical features of apoptotic cell death in the lesion.
In animals a discrete class of small RNAs, the piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), guard germ cell genomes against the activity of mobile genetic elements. piRNAs are generated, via an unknown mechanism, ...from apparently single-stranded precursors that arise from discrete genomic loci, termed piRNA clusters. Presently, little is known about the signals that distinguish a locus as a source of piRNAs. It is also unknown how individual piRNAs are selected from long precursor transcripts. To address these questions, we inserted new artificial sequence information into piRNA clusters and introduced these marked clusters as transgenes into heterologous genomic positions in mice and flies. Profiling of piRNA from transgenic animals demonstrated that artificial sequences were incorporated into the piRNA repertoire. Transgenic piRNA clusters are functional in non-native genomic contexts in both mice and flies, indicating that the signals that define piRNA generative loci must lie within the clusters themselves rather than being implicit in their genomic position. Comparison of transgenic animals that carry insertions of the same artificial sequence into different ectopic piRNA-generating loci showed that both local and long-range sequence environments inform the generation of individual piRNAs from precursor transcripts.
The ASY-EOS Experiment at GSI Russotto, P.; Chartier, M.; Cozma, M.D. ...
EPJ Web of Conferences,
01/2016, Letnik:
117
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The elliptic-flow ratio of neutrons with respect to protons or light complex particles in reactions of heavy ions at pre-relativistic energies has been proposed as an observable sensitive to the ...strength of the symmetry term of the nuclear equation of state at supra-saturation densities. In the ASY-EOS experiment at the GSI laboratory, flows of neutrons and light charged particles were measured for 197Au+197Au collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon. Flow results obtained for the Au+Au system, in comparison with predictions of the UrQMD transport model, confirm the moderately soft to linear density dependence of the symmetry energy deduced from the earlier FOPI-LAND data.
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A physicochemical method of identification of bee honeys has not been worked out yet. Instead, rather subjective tasting is a common practice in honey processing plants. This work was aimed on ...identification of honeys on the basis of differences in the speed of ultrasound. 20 samples of honey belonging to four types were investigated. Correlations between the speed of sound in aqueous solutions of honeys and the sugar content were found for three out of the four types. Although interesting and explicable in terms of the honey composition, the results seem to have rather limited practical use. Correlation of speeds of sound with concentration of main components of honey would probably give more promising results, but practical application of such approach seems difficult to foresee.
Currently, breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies among women and it constitutes a significant medical, economic, and social problem.
The study was conducted in a group of 600 healthy ...women (aged 18 to 88 years) between September 2011 and February 2015 living in the region of Wielkopolska (Poland) in a private gynecological practice. A survey questionnaire designed specifically for purposes of the study was a tool used to conduct the study.
With regards to risk factors for breast cancer: 93% - familial history of breast cancer, 46% - use of hormone treatment, and 40.16% - taking contraceptive pills.
A significant component of breast cancer prevention should be providing information regarding prevention tests and increasing accessibility to medical services.
Biodiversity at all levels is important to the composition, structure, and functioning of ecosystems, and it provides many of the ecological services underpinning the human economy. Here, I present a ...theoretically and empirically derived opinion on the prospect of reconciling economic growth and biodiversity conservation via technological progress. I describe the nature and sources of technological progress and hypothesize that technological progress does not occur except via economic growth at preexisting levels of technology. If this hypothesis is correct, then technological progress will not reconcile economic growth with biodiversity conservation, and a steady-state economy will be required for biodiversity conservation and a sustainable society. I also posit that a steady-state economy does not entail technological stagnation but does entail de-institutionalization of technological progress.
The interconnections between economic growth and species endangerment in the U.S. are explored, which include the introduction of nonnative species, pollution, mining, roads, genetics, and many other ...factors.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
International agreements, environmental laws, resource management agencies, and environmental nongovernmental organizations all establish objectives that define what they hope to accomplish. ...Unfortunately, quantitative objectives in conservation are typically set without consistency and scientific rigor. As a result, conservationists are failing to provide credible answers to the question “How much is enough?” This is a serious problem because objectives profoundly shape where and how limited conservation resources are spent, and help to create a shared vision for the future. In this article we develop guidelines to help steer conservation biologists and practitioners through the process of objective setting. We provide three case studies to highlight the practical challenges of objective setting in different social, political, and legal contexts. We also identify crucial gaps in our science, including limited knowledge of species distributions and of large-scale, long-term ecosystem dynamics, that must be filled if we hope to do better than setting conservation objectives through intuition and best guesses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NMLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The elliptic-flow ratio of neutrons with respect to protons or light complex particles in reactions of heavy-ions at pre-relativistic energies has been proposed as an observable sensitive to the ...strength of the symmetry term of the nuclear equation of state at supra-saturation densities. The results obtained from the existing FOPI/LAND data for super(197)Au+ super(197)Au collisions at 400 MeV/nucleon in comparison with the UrQMD model simulations favoured a moderately soft symmetry term, but suffer from a considerable statistical uncertainty. These results have been confirmed by an independent analysis based on the Tubingen QMD simulations. In order to obtain an improved data set for Au+Au collisions and to extend the study to other systems, a new experiment was carried out at the GSI laboratory by the ASY-EOS collaboration. The present status of the data analysis is reported
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