The ATLAS Forward Proton (AFP) detector consists of two forward detectors located at 205 m and 217 m on either side of the ATLAS experiment. The aim is to measure the momenta and angles of ...diffractively scattered protons. In 2016, two detector stations on one side of the ATLAS interaction point were installed and commissioned. The detector infrastructure and necessary services were installed and are supervised by the Detector Control System (DCS), which is responsible for the coherent and safe operation of the detector. A large variety of used equipment represents a considerable challenge for the AFP DCS design. Industrial Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) product Siemens WinCCOA, together with the CERN Joint Control Project (JCOP) framework and standard industrial and custom developed server applications and protocols are used for reading, processing, monitoring and archiving of the detector parameters. Graphical user interfaces allow for overall detector operation and visualization of the detector status. Parameters, important for the detector safety, are used for alert generation and interlock mechanisms.
Feasibility studies of the measurement of the exclusive diffractive
bremsstrahlung cross-section in proton-proton scattering at the centre of mass
energy of 13 TeV at the LHC are reported. Present ...studies were performed for
the low luminosity LHC running with the betatron function value of 90~m using
the ATLAS associated forward detectors ALFA and ZDC. A simplified approach to
the event simulation and reconstruction is used. The background influence is
also discussed.
Feasibility studies of an observation of the exclusive diffractive bremsstrahlung in proton-proton scattering at the LHC are reported. A simplified approach to the photon and the scattered proton ...energy reconstruction is used. The background influence is discussed.
Feasibility studies of the measurement of the exclusive diffractive bremsstrahlung cross-section in proton-proton scattering at the centre of mass energy of 13 TeV at the LHC are reported. Present ...studies were performed for the low luminosity LHC running with the betatron function value of 90~m using the ATLAS associated forward detectors ALFA and ZDC. A simplified approach to the event simulation and reconstruction is used. The background influence is also discussed.
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to clarify the associations between meaning in life and physical health using random-effects models. Conceptualisation of meaning (order in world vs. ...purpose in life), type of health indicators, participants' health status, and age issues were investigated as moderators. Systematic searches of six databases resulted in inclusion of k = 66 studies (total N = 73,546). Findings indicated that meaning in life and physical health formed weak-to-moderate associations (the overall estimate of the average effect = 0.258). Conceptualisation of meaning, participants' health status, and their age did not moderate these associations. Operationalisation of health moderated the relationship between meaning in life and health. The strongest associations were found for subjective indicators of physical health. Significant albeit weak associations between meaning in life and objective indices of health were found. Furthermore, stronger effects were observed when the measures of meaning combined items referring to meaning in life and meaning-related sense of harmony, peace, and well-being, compared to measures focusing solely on meaning in life. Overall, the results point to the potential role of meaning in life in explaining physical health.
An observed increase in air temperature can lead to significant changes in the phenology of plants and, consequently, changes in agricultural production. The aim of the study was to evaluate the ...spatial differentiation of thermal resources in Poland and their variability during a period of changing thermal conditions in Europe. Since the variability of thermal conditions is of paramount importance for perennial crops, the study focused on apple, plum, and cherry orchard regions in Poland. The analysis was conducted for the period of 1951–2010 using air temperature daily data. Thermal resources have been defined using the growing degree days (GDD) index calculated independently for the whole year and during in frost-free season for three air temperature thresholds: 0, 5, and 10 °C, which determine the non-winter period, growing season, and the period of full plant growth, respectively. In addition, due to the high significance for perennials in particular, the incidence and intensity of frost during flowering were calculated. In this study, a detailed analysis of the spatial differentiation of thermal resources was first performed, followed by an evaluation of long-term variability and associated change patterns. The obtained results confirmed an increase in thermal resources in Poland as a consequence of the lengthening of the growing season. However, the frequency and intensity of spring frost, especially during flowering or even during ripening of plants, remain a threat to harvests in both the eastern and western parts of the country.
Building complex entities like Network Slices and their Subnets requires proper models and methods to allow their convenient design and deployment. Despite significant progress in the standardization ...of the basic Network Slicing concepts, for many it still remains unclear how to organize a Network Slice/Subnet design process that would be aligned to the currently standardized, declarative style of their provisioning. How to reflect the high-level, abstract service requirements into a technical description of a Network Slice/Subnet capable of fulfilling them? In what form should such a description be provided? What details should it cover and how to conduct a design process leading to the production of a concretized description of the desired Network Slice Instance (NSI) and/or Network Slice Subnet Instance (NSSI)? Unfortunately, the current standardization scope does not cover these challenging design-time aspects, leaving the telco community without clear guidelines in this complicated area. Also, the state-of-the-art research does not tackle the corresponding challenges in a generic and holistic way. We contribute to fill in this void by complementing the up-to-date standards with original concepts and systematizations compiled into a comprehensive tutorial on the Network Slicing design-time aspects. To this end, we deliver a broad study of the evolution of Network Slice/Subnet provisioning approaches and offering modes, explaining their impact on the design phase. Next, we provide a generic taxonomy of building blocks out of which an NSI/NSSI may be designed, followed by proposing precise definitions of the design process and its expected outcomes. Then, by elaborating on those definitions, we explain, in a technology-agnostic manner, the activities comprising the design process and the results it shall produce. Based on these fundamentals, we describe the opportunities for automating the design process, essential to support the declarative provisioning style and to offer the "dynamic slicing" capabilities by the Slicing orchestrators. All of the elaborated systematizations and concepts are vendor-agnostic and fully standards-aligned which makes them practically usable in a wide range of solutions.
In this paper, we address the problem of an educational gap existing between high schools and universities: many students consider their choice of field of study as inappropriate, mostly due to ...insufficient information regarding the discipline and the university educational process. To solve this problem, we define an innovative, information and communication technology‐supported educational process enabling various ways of collaboration between high schools and universities. The goal of that process is to increase the knowledge of prospective students regarding the next level of their education. We propose an environment for the implementation of the educational process. The concepts have been verified in practise as part of the Małopolska Educational Cloud project across several disciplines. We discuss the achievements of the pilot phase of the project as well as its reception by educators and students. Based on evaluation reports and opinions from both educators and students, we claim that the proposed model for information and communication technology‐supported collaboration between high schools and universities can effectively reduce the educational gap.
Lay Description
What is currently known about the subject matter:
An educational gap exists between high schools and universities.
Prospective students lack information about university disciplines.
This often leads to inappropriate choices of their professional careers.
Traditional collaboration models between high schools and universities are insufficient.
What the paper adds to this:
An ICT‐based model for collaboration between high schools and universities is proposed.
Cloud computing, social media and multimedia are integrated to provide educational services.
A pilot study including 21 high schools and six universities was conducted.
The study is evaluated and discussed based on reports and users opinions.
The implications of study findings for practitioners:
Employed ICT proved to be useful for facilitating collaboration between high schools and universities.
Seventy per cent of students declared increased knowledge about the specifics of university studies.
Participation in the project resulted in improving both ICT and soft skills of students.
Quality of the employed ICT can greatly influence the quality of the educational process.
Cloud-based computational environments can offer elastic and flexible services to wide audiences. Małopolska Educational Cloud was originally developed to support the day-to-day collaboration of ...geographically scattered schools with universities which organized online classes, led by university teachers, as an amendment to face-to-face teaching. Due to the centralized management and ubiquitous access, both the set of services provided by MEC and their usage patterns can be adjusted rapidly. In this paper we show how – during the COVID-19 pandemic – the flexibility of Małopolska Educational Cloud was leveraged to speed up the transition from in-class to remote teaching, both in the classes and schools which were already involved in the MEC project, and newly added ones. We also discuss the actions that were required to support the smooth transition and draw conclusions for the future.
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