Introduction
The most significant blood vessel supplying the hip joint is the medial femoral circumflex artery (MFCA). MFCA with lateral femoral circumflex artery (LFCA) are the first branches of the ...deep femoral artery (DFA) or they originate directly from the common femoral artery (CFA) or superficial femoral artery (SFA).
Purpose and methods
We analyzed 100 CT angiogram of the hip region 72 men, 28 women; mean age 46.4 (14–80) to assess the frequency of each type of division of the MFCA and LFCA from either the DFA or directly from the CFA or SFA. To assess the variations on each side in one individual we analyzed both hips in 73 patients mean age 46.6 (14–80).
Results
Many different types of division have been described. The most frequent one in which both the MFCA and LFCA originate from the DFA, was observed in 50% of patients. In 31% of hips the MFCA originates from the CFA. In our study, a normal origin of the obturator artery from the internal iliac artery was observed in 67% of patients and an atypical origin, called corona mortis was observed in 33% of patients.
Conclusions
The deep branch of the MFCA is the main artery supplying the femoral head, it is at risk during surgical approach to the hip joint. The atypical anastomosis called corona mortis is also at risk while performing the approach to pubic bone. Therefore, knowledge of their topography is very important.
Despite the increasing number of applications of nano-sized particles (NP), there is a lack of systematic basic experimental studies on the physical basics of the interactions between NP and cell ...membranes. Here, we follow a bottom-up approach and investigate the intake of silica NP by giant unilamellar vesicles. We observe a massive nanoparticle uptake by fluid phase vesicles, but only above a specific ionic strength of the surrounding buffer solution. The uptake rates increase for decreasing NP size and increasing NaCl concentration. A correlation of ionic strength and adhesion force between the lipid membrane and the NP can explain this dependency. We discuss these effects employing a model which considers NP diffusion and an effective membrane permeability due to uptake-induced pores. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the physics behind NP-membrane interactions as well as endocytotic particle uptake in living cells.
Summary
Background Staphylococcus aureus colonization is accepted to be an important triggering factor in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) and antibiotic resistance has been recognized to be a ...serious problem as a consequence and for the management of AD treatment.
Objectives To investigate the antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus strains isolated from patients with AD with apparent (lesional and nonlesional skin areas) and recurrent skin colonization and strains obtained from healthy nasal carriers.
Methods Eighty‐seven patients (age 23 ± 11·5 years) with mild to severe AD (SCORAD 46·9 ± 16·6), 21 patients (age 19·8 ± 6·7 years) before antistaphylococcal treatment and 177 healthy nasal carriers (age 27·5 ± 8·4 years) were microbiologically assessed for carriage of S. aureus. Colonization of lesional and nonlesional skin areas was quantified by counting the number of colony forming units on the skin surface (log10 CFU cm−2). Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance phenotypes of 179 S. aureus strains were assessed with the agar disc‐diffusion method.
Results Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 87% of lesional and 44% of nonlesional skin samples from patients with AD. The colonization density of S. aureus was markedly higher in lesional than in nonlesional skin (P < 0·001), and was positively correlated with AD severity (P < 0·001) and total serum IgE (P < 0·05). Patients with AD had a significantly higher prevalence of chloramphenicol‐resistant S. aureus than nasal carriers (P < 0·01). Similar rates of resistance were expressed to tetracycline, erythromycin, mupirocin, clindamycin and penicillin. Nearly 35% of S. aureus strains from the lesional skin demonstrated different antimicrobial sensitivity pattern compared with strains from nonlesional skin of the same patients with AD. The trend of increasing resistance to chloramphenicol, erythromycin and fusidic acid was observed among S. aureus strains recovered from patients after approximately 75 days of antibiotic treatment. Methicillin‐resistant S. aureus isolates were cultured from two patients, one during exacerbation and the other after subsequent bacterial recolonization.
Conclusions Discrepancies in antibiotic sensitivity pattern were observed among S. aureus strains colonizing different sites of AD skin (lesional and nonlesional areas), and also in AD patients with prior antibiotic treatment. Therefore, clinicians should consider repeat microbial susceptibility testing on different body sites of patients with AD when clinically indicated.
Abstract
Purpose
Idiopathic scoliosis is a developmental deformation of the vertebral column of an unknown aetiology. Its clinical symptoms and hypothetical causative factors may affect the ...stomatognathic system. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationships between the prevalence and type of malocclusions, and the presence of idiopathic scoliosis, its location and severity.
Methods
This was a prospective longitudinal study. The study group consisted of 80 patients with idiopathic scoliosis and the control group of 61 healthy individuals. Standard standing long-cassette radiographs were taken of all of the patients in the idiopathic scoliosis group in order to confirm diagnosis, to determine localization and the Cobb angle of the curve. Both groups underwent standard clinical dental examination.
Results
The most commonly observed types included right main thoracic (R-MT) and thoracolumbar or left lumbar scoliosis (Cobb angle 11° to 125°). In the idiopathic scoliosis group, prevalence of malocclusions was greater than in the control group (95% versus 82%). In the idiopathic scoliosis group more than one type of malocclusion was observed with a higher incidence than that in the control group (63.8% versus 37.7%; p = 0.002). A correlation between the left proximal thoracic (L-PT) curve with anterior partial open bite was demonstrated (p = 0.323), between thoracic dextroscoliosis main thoracic with lateral partial cross bite (p = 0.230) and a correlation between scoliosis severity and malocclusion in the event of L-PT and anterior partial open bite (p = 0.330) and R-MT and scissors bite (p = 0.248).
Conclusion
The incidence of malocclusions is greater in children with idiopathic scoliosis than in their healthy peers
Level of Evidence
III
Interferon α-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are crucial contributors to pro-inflammatory or tolerogenic immune responses and are important in autoimmune diseases such as psoriasis. pDC ...accumulate in the lesional skin of psoriasis patients, but are rarely found in the affected skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). While homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 and inducible pro-inflammatory CXCR3 chemokine ligands may regulate pDC influx to psoriatic skin, the mechanism responsible for selective pDC recruitment in psoriasis vs. AD remains unknown. Circulating pDC from normal donors express a limited number of chemoattractant receptors, including CXCR3 and CMKLR1 (chemokine-like receptor 1). In this work, we demonstrate that circulating pDC from normal donors as well as psoriasis and AD patients express similar levels of CXCR3 and responded similarly in functional migration assays to CXCL10. We next found that blood pDC from normal, AD, and psoriasis patients express functional CMKLR1. In contrast to normal skin, however, lesional skin from psoriasis patients contains the active form of the CMKLR1 ligand chemerin. Furthermore, in affected skin from psoriatic patients the level of active chemerin was generally higher than in AD skin. Taken together, these results indicate that local generation of active chemerin may contribute to pDC recruitment to psoriatic skin.
We consider the Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equation in 2D in the Coulomb gauge. We establish local well-posedness for \(s=\frac 14+\epsilon\) for data for the spatial part of the gauge potentials and for ...\(s=\frac 58+\epsilon\) for the solution \(\phi\) of the gauged Klein-Gordon equation. The main tool for handling the wave equations is the product estimate established by D'Ancona, Foschi, and Selberg. Due to low regularity, we are unable to use the conventional approaches to handle the elliptic variable \(A_0\), so we provide a new approach.
We asked whether in atopic dermatitis (AD) increased T cell apoptosis in staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-activated cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is characteristic of the ...exacerbation of the disease or connected with skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus.
The clinical status of the patients was evaluated using the SCORAD index. The number of bacteria colonizing patients' skin lesions was determined by the cfu method. Mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood were stimulated by SEB and the apoptosis of CD3+ cells in culture was determined by flow cytometry using the monoclonal antibody APO2.7. The cytokine production in the culture supernatants was determined by ELISA and Cytometric Bead Array kits.
T cell apoptosis was increased, while the production of interferon (IFN)-gamma was reduced in cultures of PBMCs of AD patients during exacerbation. The proportion of CD3+ APO2.7+ cells positively correlated with the density of S. aureus recovered from skin lesions, but not with SCORAD index. By contrast, SCORAD index, but not S. aureus density, negatively correlated with IFN- gamma production. Furthermore it was found that the presence of S. aureus on uninvolved skin distinguishes a group of severe cases with high serum IgE level, increased T cell apoptosis, and reduced production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in SEB- -stimulated cultures.
Among AD patients the increased activation-induced T cell apoptosis observed in SEB- -stimulated cultures is related to skin colonization by S. aureus. The presence of bacteria on uninvolved skin is a feature of a distinct group of AD patients.
We consider the scalar Zakharov system in $\R^3$ for initial conditions
$(\psi(0), n(0), n_t(0)) \in H^{\ell+1/2} \times H^\ell \times H^{\ell-1} $,
$0\leq\ell \leq 1$. Assuming that the solution ...blows up in a finite time $t^*
< \infty$, we establish a lower bound for the rate of blow-up of the
corresponding Sobolev norms in the form $$ \|\psi(t)\|_{H^{\ell+1/2}}
+\|n(t)\|_{H^{\ell}} + \|n_t(t)\|_{H^{\ell-1}} > C(t^*-t)^{-\theta_\ell} $$
with $\theta_\ell = \frac{1}{4}(1+ 2 \ell)^-$. The analysis is a reappraisal of
the local wellposedness theory of Ginibre, Tsutsumi and Velo (1997) combined
with an argument developed by Cazenave and Weissler (1990) in the context of
nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations.
PDF
