Guadua angustifolia produces phenolic compounds, and this production may be influenced by the application of chemical, organic, and biological fertilizers. Currently, the effect of such fertilizers ...on the synthesis dynamics of this group of metabolites in bamboo is unknown. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) in the leaves of plants fertilized with diammonium phosphate (DAP) and humus in combination with the biofertilizers Promofort®, Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Stenotrophomonas sp. were determined using colorimetric techniques across three sampling events (four, five, and seven months after planting). Additionally, an approximation of the bacterial profile of G. angustifolia roots was performed using the DGGE-PCR fingerprint technique. Through repeated measures ANOVA (rmANOVA), it was determined that there is no statistically significant three-way interaction between humus or DAP application, biological fertilizers, and time for either TPC or TFC. However, there were interactions between the sampling event and the application of biological fertilizers for both TPC and TFC, with the latter being promoted by the application of Promofort®. Finally, NMDS analyses and heatmaps with hierarchical clustering showed that the composition and abundance of OTUs in the bacterial profile varied with fertilization type and increased over time.
Bamboo species have traditionally been used as building material and potential source of bioactive substances, as they produce a wide variety of phenolic compounds, including flavonoids and cinnamic ...acid derivatives that are considered biologically active. However, the effects of growth conditions such as location, altitude, climate, and soil on the metabolome of these species still need to be fully understood. This study aimed to evaluate variations in chemical composition induced by altitudinal gradient (0-3000 m) by utilizing an untargeted metabolomics approach and mapping chemical space using molecular networking analysis. We analyzed 111 samples from 12 bamboo species collected from different altitudinal ranges using liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS). We used multivariate and univariate statistical analyses to identify the metabolites that showed significant differences in the altitude environments. Additionally, we used the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking (GNPS) web platform to perform chemical mapping by comparing the metabolome among the studied species and the reference spectra from its database. The results showed 89 differential metabolites between the altitudinal ranges investigated, wherein high altitude environments significantly increased the profile of flavonoids. While, low altitude environments significantly boosted the profile of cinnamic acid derivatives, particularly caffeoylquinic acids (CQAs). MolNetEnhancer networks confirmed the same differential molecular families already found, revealing metabolic diversity. Overall, this study provides the first report of variations induced by altitude in the chemical profile of bamboo species. The findings may possess fascinating active biological properties, thus offering an alternative use for bamboo.
El género Passiflora aporta el 17% a la producción mundial de flavonoides, por lo cual, dada la creciente demanda de dichos metabolitos, se han estudiado diversas estrategias para aumentar su ...producción en estas plantas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la información publicada sobre la relación del contenido de flavonoides en hojas de plantas del género Passiflora, la presencia de microorganismos, la fertilidad del suelo, el uso de abonos y acondicionadores edáficos, el manejo agronómico, factores climáticos y el estado fenológico de la planta. La búsqueda se realizó en nueve bases de datos: Web of Science, Nature, Agris, Dialnet, Scielo, Science Database-ProQuest, Scopus (Elsevier), Springer y EBSCOhost y dos motores de búsqueda: Google Académico y Semantic Scholar, obteniendo 19 artículos indexados. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los tratamientos que incluyen un solo factor biótico o abiótico en el cultivo aumentan la producción de flavonoides a nivel foliar hasta un 380%, mientras que la combinación de diferentes factores bióticos y abióticos aumentan la producción de este grupo de metabolitos hasta en un 491% a nivel foliar. Es entonces necesario evaluar el manejo agronómico integral del cultivo de Passiflora sp. para incrementar la concentración de estos metabolitos en hojas de ramas productivas con frutos en maduración plena listos para recolección (código BBCH 89), sin perder la posibilidad de uso del producto principal actual del cultivo, los frutos.
The genus Passiflora accounts for 17% of global flavonoid production, and several strategies have been explored to increase their production in these plants, given the growing demand for these ...metabolites. The aim of this study is to examine the published literature on the correlation between flavonoid concentrations in Passiflora genus leaves and factors such as microorganism presence, soil fertility, fertilizer use, soil conditioners, agronomic practices, weather patterns, and plant phenology. The search was conducted across nine databases. Web of Science, Nature, Agris, Dialnet, Scielo, Science Database-ProQuest, Scopus (Elsevier), Springer, and EBSCOhost and two search engines: Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar, obtaining 19 indexed articles. The results indicate that treatments incorporating a single biotic or abiotic factor in the crop lead to a 380% increase in the production of flavonoids at the leaf level, while the combination of different biotic and abiotic factors leads to a 491% increase in the production of this group of metabolites at the leaf level. It is essential to assess the integrated agronomic management of Passiflora sp. to increase the concentration of these metabolites in the leaves of productive branches with fully ripened fruits ready for harvest (BBCH code 89), without losing the possibility of using the current main product of the crop.
ABSTRACT Evidence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonization of mat litter in various ecosystems plus previous reports of external mycelium of those fungi and mycorrhizal roots in litter from ...coffee plants and shade trees on coffee plantations suggest that they have a relationship with closed direct nutrient cycling between organic matter and living roots. This relationship was first proposed more than 50 years ago. Mycorrhizal symbiosis in tropical crops is affected by agricultural management practices. This study aimed to assess the occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in leaf litter from three shaded Colombian coffee agroecosystems under organic and conventional management. One is managed chemically, one organically, and one with a combined use of organic and chemical inputs. Leaf litter and roots were collected from the three coffee plots at three decomposition stages. Each plot represented a distinct fertilization and tree dominance pattern different from the other two plots. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were found in decomposing leaves. The chemically managed plot showed statistical differences (p<0.05) with respect to the other plots, it had the greatest amounts of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization (48.76–70.51 %), litter colonization (36.2–69.91 %), external mycelium length (28.66–48.33 m g-1), and spore number (451.27–681.2 spores in 20 g of dry soil). In contrast, conditions on the combined management coffee plot results in smaller means of the variables evaluated. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonization and nitrogen content of leaf litter varied among the decomposition stages (p<0.05). Litter quality of different tree species may have influenced colonization of plant matter within each plot. We found evidence of typical structures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi within and among decomposing leaf litter and roots growing into the mat litter in tropical agroecosystems. This supports the thought that these fungi have a role in carbon and nutrient recycling, which are influenced by agricultural management practices and plant population composition.
BackgroundAround the world, bamboos are ecologically, economically, and culturally important plants, particularly in tropical regions of Asia, America, and Africa. The association of this plant group ...with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota is still a poorly studied field, which limits understanding of the reported ecological and physiological benefits for the plant, fungus, soil, and ecosystems under this symbiosis relationship.MethodsThrough a qualitative systematic review following the PRISMA framework for the collection, synthesis, and reporting of evidence, this paper presents a compilation of the research conducted on the biology and ecology of the symbiotic relationship between Glomeromycota and Bambusoideae from around the world. This review is based on academic databases enriched with documents retrieved using different online databases and the Google Scholar search engine.ResultsThe literature search yielded over 6,000 publications, from which 18 studies were included in the present review after a process of selection and validation. The information gathered from the publications included over 25 bamboo species and nine Glomeromycota genera from eight families, distributed across five countries on two continents.ConclusionThis review presents the current state of knowledge regarding the symbiosis between Glomeromycota and Bambusoideae, while reflecting on the challenges and scarcity of research on this promising association found across the world.
Wastewater treatment plants produce solid and semi-solid sludge, which treatment minimises secondary environmental pollution because of wastewater treatment and obtaining new bioproducts. For this ...reason, in this paper, the co-pyrolysis of biogenic biomasses recovered from a biological reactor with immobilised fungal and bacterial biomass and a tertiary reactor with
Chlorella
sp. used for dye-contaminated wastewater treatment was carried out. Biogenic biomasses mixed with pine bark allowed the production and characterisation of two types of biochar. The raw material and biochar were on the “in vitro” germination of
Lolium
sp. seeds, followed by adsorption studies for malachite green (MG) dye using the raw material and the biochar. Results showed that using 60 mg L
−1
of a cationic coagulant at pH 6.5 allowed for the recovery of more than 90% of the microalgae after 50 min of processing. Two biochar resulted: BC
300
, at pH 5.08 ± 0.08 and BC
500
, at pH 6.78 ± 0.01. The raw material and both biochars were co-inoculated with growth-promoting bacteria; their viabilities ranged from 1.7 × 10
6
± 1.0 × 10
1
to 7.5 × 10
8
± 6.0 × 10
2
CFU g
−1
for total heterotrophic, nitrogen-fixing and phosphate-solubilising bacteria. Re-use tests on
Lolium
sp. seed germination showed that with the post-coagulation effluent, the germination was 100%, while with the biochar, with and without beneficial bacteria, the germination was 98 and 99%, respectively. Finally, BC
500
adsorbed the highest percentage of malachite green at pH 4.0, obtaining
q
ecal values of 0.5249 mg g
−1
(
R
2
: 0.9875) with the pseudo-second-order model.
Medicinal plants maintain structures and diversities of bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) that can interact to promote growth and therapeutic properties. Therefore, the purpose ...of this research was to evaluate the microbiome of Lippia alba and Petiveria alliacea, species known for their high potential for medicinal benefits in Colombia. To achieve this, rhizosphere soils and roots were sampled from five departments in Colombia: Boyacá, Cundinamarca, Tolima, Putumayo, and Valle del Cauca. The results revealed that the dominant bacterial groups in both plants were primarily Proteobacteria, Acidobacteriota, and Actinobacteriota, with the first phylum showing the highest number of differentially abundant genera between the sampling points. In fungi, Ascomycota tended to dominate in most of the sampled locations, while Mortierellomycota was particularly abundant in roots of P. alliacea in Valle. Furthermore, the study of AMF indicated differentiation in the colonization for both plants, with the genera Glomus and Paraglomus being predominant. Differences in the Shannon diversity index were recorded between sampling types within these sampling points, possibly influenced by local and environmental factors. Our findings reveal that the microbiomes of both medicinal plants exhibit distinct community assemblies, which could be a significant factor for their future therapeutic use.
The ancestral knowledge of the community of Colón Putumayo unfolds in several dimensions that allow us to recognise the ethnomedicinal properties of plants. The research focused on systematising ...ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal knowledge on the use of plants as alternatives for treating illnesses. A cross-sectional study was carried out through semi-structured questionnaires to 100 inhabitants of the community of Colón. We found 38 plant species catalogued in 18 botanical families where 10 species of medicinal plants were prioritised by the community for the treatment of illnesses. The use value (UV) evaluation showed that Chamaemelum nobile equals 0.18 compared to Cymbopogon citratus and Lippia alba with 0.04. The Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) for the cited medicinal use categories equivalent to 1.00 are for the treatment of six types of ailments, however, the plants can treat 16 types of ailments. The Fidelity Level (LF) found identified that four plants are used for the treatment of one type of ailment while three are used to alleviate several ailments. The local knowledge of the community of Colón Putumayo is linked to the ancestry of the territory, culture, and family farming practices.
This study evaluated the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from Guadua angustifolia leaves, along with their optimization using response surface methodology. The effects of two ...sonication process conditions were determined using a central composite experimental design, with three levels (low, medium, and high) evaluated for time (10, 20, and 30 min) and temperature (20 °C, 35 °C, and 50 °C). A total of 12 experiments with four replicates were conducted at the central point, with the total phenol and flavonoid contents determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu colorimetric method and complexation with AlCl3, respectively. The optimized extract was analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC), and the antioxidant capacity of the optimized extract was determined by DPPH• (2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS•+ (2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assays. Extraction at 50 °C for 20 min was found to favor the extraction of phenol and total flavonoids. The experimental validation of the total phenol and flavonoid content produced values of 7.39 mg gallic acid equivalents per gram of dry matter and 1.55 mg quercetin equivalents per gram of dry matter, respectively. These values suggest that the extraction process is reproducible, with a relative standard deviation of 22.9 % and 14.1 %, respectively. The chromatographic profile showed that optimization favored the visualization of phenolic compounds compared to the non-optimized extract. The optimized extract had higher antioxidant capacity than the non-optimized extract, with values of 209.23 and 144.76 μmol Trolox per gram extract for the DPPH• and ABTS•+ techniques, respectively. Thus, the conditions evaluated in the ultrasound-assisted extraction were an efficient technique capable of extracting the maximum amount of phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity from the leaves of G. angustifolia, showing its potential application in various industries.
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