L. has a wide distribution pattern from the western Mediterranean coasts to the eastern parts of Iran with several varieties adapted to local climatic conditions. Crataegusazarolusvar.senobaaensis
is ...described as a new variety from southeast Turkey with characteristic deep leaf sinuses, mostly 3-4 pairs of lobes and leaves ovate-oblong in outline. Two varieties of the species are accepted under the name of
and the correct names are published here. CrataegusmonogynaJacq.var.odemisii
is described from İzmir, in the western part of Turkey. This new variety is distinguished by its orange fruit colour. An outstanding disjunct distribution pattern has been discovered for the recently described species,
Dönmez. Updated descriptions and infraspecific identification keys for
and
are given and pictures and distribution data for the new taxa are also supplied.
PREMISE OF THE STUDY:
The Irano‐Turanian region harbors three biodiversity hotspots and ∼25% of Brassicaceae species are endemic to the region. Aethionema (∼61 species) is the sister lineage to the ...core Brassicaceae and occurs mainly in the Irano‐Turanian region. The evolutionary important position of Aethionema makes it an ideal reference for broader comparative genetics and genomics. To understand the evolution of Aethionema, and for a broader understanding of crucifer evolution, a time‐calibrated phylogenetic tree and biogeographical history of the genus is needed.
METHODS:
Seventy‐six plastome coding regions and nuclear rDNA genes, mainly from herbarium material, covering 75% of all Aethionema species, were used to resolve a time‐calibrated Aethionema phylogeny. The different clades were characterized based on four morphological characters. The ancestral area of Aethionema was estimated with historical biogeographical analyses.
KEY RESULTS:
Three well‐supported major clades within Aethionema were resolved. The ancestral area reconstruction and divergence‐time estimates are consistent with major dispersal events during the Pliocene from the Anatolian Diagonal.
CONCLUSIONS:
We find that most Aethionema lineages originated along the Anatolian Diagonal, a floristic bridge connecting the east to the west, during the Pliocene. The dispersal of Aethionema correlates with the local geological events, such as the uplift of the Anatolian and Iranian plateaus and the formation of the major mountain ranges of the Irano‐Turanian region. Knowing the paleo‐ecological context for the evolution of Aethionema, in addition to the other lineages of Brassicaceae, facilitates our broader understanding for trait evolution and species diversification across the Brassicaceae.
Anemone and Gladiolus are economically important geophyte genera due to their usage as ornamental plants. However, species identification is still under debate. Recently, DNA barcoding has become an ...efficient alternative tool for species identification. Here, candidate DNA barcode regions, rbcL, rpoB, and trnH-psbA were analyzed as potential DNA barcodes in 248 accessions of these geophyte genera using pair-wise distance-based, sequence similarity (best match and best close match) and tree-based (neighbor joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian tree) methods. Among all barcoding single or combination loci, trnH-psbA had the highest interspecific genetic variation in Anemone, and the region was the most promising candidate for barcoding gap analysis. However, none of the barcode regions showed a clear barcode gap for identification. The internal spacer, trnH-psbA, also showed the highest correct identification rate in Anemone, while rbcL showed the best performance in Gladiolus using the sequence similarity method. In the single barcode approach, rpoB had the best discrimination rate for both genera when using tree-based methods. Therefore, we recommend a tree-based method because it was clear that all tested loci had specific performance degrees depending on the methods. This is the first application of rpoB in terms of DNA barcoding criteria in geophyte taxa.
Understanding how plants cope with changing habitats is a timely and important topic in plant research. Phenotypic plasticity describes the capability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes ...when exposed to different environmental conditions. In contrast, the constant production of a set of distinct phenotypes by one genotype mediates bet hedging, a strategy that reduces the temporal variance in fitness at the expense of a lowered arithmetic mean fitness. Both phenomena are thought to represent important adaptation strategies to unstable environments. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena, partly due to the lack of suitable model systems. We used phylogenetic and comparative analyses of fruit and seed anatomy, biomechanics, physiology, and environmental responses to study fruit and seed heteromorphism, a typical morphological basis of a bet-hedging strategy of plants, in the annual Brassicaceae species Aethionema arabicum. Our results indicate that heteromorphism evolved twice within the Aethionemeae, including once for themonophyletic annual Aethionema clade. The dimorphism of Ae. arabicum is associated with several anatomic, biomechanical, gene expression, and physiological differences between the fruit and seed morphs. However, fruit ratios and numbers change in response to different environmental conditions. Therefore, the life-history strategy of Ae. arabicum appears to be a blend of bet hedging and plasticity. Together with the available genomic resources, our results pave the way to use this species in future studies intended to unravel the molecular control of heteromorphism and plasticity.
Abstract
A special‐purpose Committee on DNA Sequences as Types was established at the XIX International Botanical Congress (IBC) in Shenzhen, China, in 2017, with a mandate to report to the XX IBC in ...Madrid in 2024 with recommendations on a preferred course of action with respect to potential amendments of the
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
to allow DNA sequences as types. This is the first in an expected series of papers from the Special‐purpose Committee on this issue. We set out the background to the establishment of the Committee, explore key issues around typification that are pertinent to the question of DNA sequences as types, enumerate pros and cons of allowing DNA sequences as types, and foreshadow options for future discussion and potential recommendations.
Eight iridoid glucosides were reported from the aerial parts of Wendlandia ligustroides. 10-deoxygeniposidic acid (1), 7-deoxygardoside (2), geniposidic acid (3), 7-deoxy-8-epi-loganic acid (4), ...deacetyl-daphylloside (5), scandoside methyl ester (6), 6-O-methyl-deacetyl-daphylloside (7), 6-O-methyl-scandoside methyl ester (8). Compounds 3 – 8 were isolated as a pure form while 1 and 2 as a mixture. The structures of the compounds 1 – 8 were established by spectroscopic methods including 1D-NMR (1H NMR, 13C NMR, DEPT-135), 2D-NMR (COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC) and HRMS.
Detailed karyological analyses of the Nigelleae tribe which includes taxa belonging to both genera Garidella and Nigella were performed. All studied taxa are diploid with 2n=12 and all the ...chromosomes are Ranunculus-type, chromosome size is large, and all taxa exhibit metacentric chromosomes. The karyotype formulas for Nigella and Garidella are 10m+2st and 12m, respectively, and only Nigella orientalis has satellite (SAT) chromosomes among the studied taxa. Secondary constrictions were documented in N. elata and N. orientalis. Genome size was determined using flow cytometry (FCM) and 2C genome sizes of some diploid Nigella species ranged from 21.25 to 23.48 pg. In contrast, a much smaller genome size, 17.68 pg, was determined in Garidella nigellastrum. UPGM cluster analyses were carried out to evaluate the correspondence between chromosomal features and the taxonomy of the tribe. The results showed that karyological parameters are highly useful in taxonomic delimitation at the generic level.
We examined the seed morphology of Nigella, Garidella and Komaroffia to aid systematics and taxonomy. The seeds of 21 taxa in 20 species from Mediterranean and West Asian countries were studied using ...both zoom stereo and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and unweighted average linkage analysis (UPGMA) were performed to assess the contribution of seed characters to the taxonomy of the tribe. Representative pictures from zoom stereo microscopy and SEM studies and measurement of seeds are presented. Most studied species showed unique seed surface sculpturing features, and seed shape, size and surface sculpturing separated the studied taxa into five main groups. However, the variation in seed shape and color were found to be in conflict with the generic taxonomy while macromorphological characters were found more congruent with the sectional taxonomy than with the generic taxonomy. Five main types of seed ornamentations – rugulose + striate, granulate, smooth, rugulose and mucronulate – were identified. Patterns in seed micromorphology strongly supported the sectional level taxonomy of Nigella. Two of the three sections of the genus were found to be well differentiated in terms of seed characters. Furthermore, seed morphology alone provide good support to Garidella as a distinct genus, but shows less taxonomic value for Komaroffia.
PDF
