Nutritional risk of European elderly DE MORAIS, C; OLIVEIRA, B; AFONSO, C ...
European journal of clinical nutrition,
11/2013, Letnik:
67, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The elderly constitute a population group with a high prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases and high risk of malnutrition. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated to ...nutritional risk in free-living European elderly.
The sample included 644 European citizens, free living in the community, aged 65 years or more. The sample was quota controlled for age groups (65-74, ≥75 years), gender (male/female) and living circumstances (living alone/with others). Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with nutritional risk.
Several variables regarding socio-demographic characteristics, food choice, health status and the satisfaction with food-related life were included in the analysis. According to the recoded score of the 'Determine your nutritional health' (NSI checklist), 53% of the elderly were at nutritional risk. Nutritional risk was more likely to occur in elderly who considered that it was more important to choose foods 'easy to chew'; with lower average number of fruit and vegetables (F&V) intake episodes and lower score for general health. It was also found in non-married participants; those that did not identify changes in their appetite; and those that felt changes in health status. In this sample, the lowest nutritional risk was found for body mass index (BMI) around 18.5 kg/m(2). Country of residence, gender and age were not found to have a significant effect on nutritional risk.
Attention should be drawn to the living circumstances, changes in appetite or health, the general heath perception, F&V intake, choice of foods easy to chew and having a low or high BMI.
Abstract Purpose Weaning failure and prolonged mechanical ventilation are associated with increased morbidity, cost of care and high mortality rates. In the last few years, cardiac performance has ...been recognized as a common etiology of weaning failure, and growing evidence suggests that left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (DD) is a key factor that determines weaning outcomes. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis to evaluate whether diastolic dysfunction in the critically ill patient subjected to mechanical ventilation is an independent predictor of weaning failure. Materials and methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, LILACS, Google Scholar and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to September 2014, along with conferences proceeding from January 2005 through September 2014 and included Observational Studies and Randomized Clinical Trials evaluating predictors of weaning failure. Results Ten studies were included in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis (six observational studies and one randomized controlled trial). Patients who developed weaning failure had a higher E/e’ ratio when compared with those who did not (mean difference 2.65, 95% CI 0,52 to 4,79; p = 0.01); however, there was no difference in the E/A ratio (mean difference 0.07, 95% CI − 0.04 to 0.18; p = 0.22). Both the E/e’ and E/A ratios were associated with weaning-induced pulmonary edema at the end of a spontaneous breathing trial. Conclusion A higher E/e’ ratio is significantly associated with weaning failure, though a high heterogeneity of DD criteria and different clinical scenarios limit additional conclusions linking diastolic dysfunction with weaning failure.
Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is the major dose-limiting adverse effect of the clinical use ifosfamide (IFOS). The incidence of this side effect can be as high as 75%. Mesna has been used to reduce the ...risk of HC, although 5% of patients who get IFOS treatment may still suffer from HC. In previous studies, our group demonstrated that α-phellandrene (α-PHE) possesses anti-inflammatory activity, which opens the door for its study in the attenuation of HC. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential uroprotective effect of the α-PHE in the mouse model of IFOS-induced HC. In order to analyze the reduction of the urothelial damage, the bladder wet weight, hemoglobin content, and the Evans blue dye extravasation from the bladder matrix were evaluated. To investigate the involvement of neutrophil migration and lipid peroxidation and involvement of enzymatic and endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants, the tissue markers myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde, nitrite/nitrate (NOx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were evaluated. TNF-α and IL-1β were measured by ELISA immunoassay technique. The results show that pretreatment with α-PHE significantly reduced urothelial damage that was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of MPO, MDA, and NOx levels and prevention of the depletion of SOD and GSH in bladder tissues. In the assessment of cytokines, α-PHE was able to significantly reduce TNF-α level. However, it does not affect the activities of IL-1β. These data confirm that α-PHE exerts potent anti-inflammatory properties and demonstrates that α-PHE represents a promising therapeutic option for this pathological condition.
Objective: To evaluate households' diet-quality trends and regional disparities, as well as to identify the influence of its socioeconomic determinants. Methods/Subjects: Two dietary indexes were ...applied: a revised Healthy Diet Indicator version (HDIr) and the Mediterranean Adequacy Index (MAI). The socioeconomic differences between households with low-diet quality (if their scoring in HDIr or MAI was below the national median) and the remaining ones were analysed by means of logistic regression. Representative samples of households among each region were analysed. Results: Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was poor in all Portuguese regions; the proportion of households adhering to it has diminished in the North, Centre, Lisbon and Tejo valley. The proportion of households with high HDIr decreased in the North, Centre, Lisbon and Tejo valley and Algarve. In multivariate analysis, households whose head had secondary or higher education, living in semi-urban or urban areas, from the Azores region, within the higher income or outside home food expenditures groups were more likely to be in low-quality diet. Conclusions: The decreasing adherence to a Mediterranean food pattern and the diminishing compliance with World Health Organization dietary goals show that Portuguese households have reduced their diet quality. The observed influence of urbanization and region on diet quality highlights the importance of considering regional nutrition strategies.
•Thicker and harder layers were found with 500 °C treatments.•In progressive scratch, lower and attenuated friction was found in 400 °C layers.•Worse scratch failures mechanisms were observed in the ...500 °C layers.•In multipass scratch, lower friction was found in the 400 °C layers.•After 100 scratch passes, nitriding at 400 °C shows the lowest volume loss.
This work studies the effect of treatment temperature on plasma nitrided and nitrocarburized AISI 321 stainless steel by scratch test in two modes: progressive and multipass. The treatments were conducted at 400 and 500 °C for 6 h. Progressive scratch revealed a detrimental influence of increasing the temperature in both layers, failure mechanisms worsened with the 500 °C treatments, besides a higher residual depth and a more fluctuating coefficient of friction (COF) were observed. In multipass scratch, a higher and scattered COF was found after 100 passes in the 500 °C layers. The lowest volume loss and COF were registered for nitriding at 400 °C, although nitrocarburizing at 400 °C showed the best integrity with milder failures and low and stable friction.
Pedigrees and dense marker panels have been used to predict the genetic merit of individuals in plant and animal breeding, accounting primarily for the contribution of additive effects. However, ...nonadditive effects may also affect trait variation in many breeding systems, particularly when specific combining ability is explored. Here we used models with different priors, and including additive-only and additive plus dominance effects, to predict polygenic (height) and oligogenic (fusiform rust resistance) traits in a structured breeding population of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). Models were largely similar in predictive ability, and the inclusion of dominance only improved modestly the predictions for tree height. Next, we simulated a genetically similar population to assess the ability of predicting polygenic and oligogenic traits controlled by different levels of dominance. The simulation showed an overall decrease in the accuracy of total genomic predictions as dominance increases, regardless of the method used for prediction. Thus, dominance effects may not be accounted for as effectively in prediction models compared with traits controlled by additive alleles only. When the ratio of dominance to total phenotypic variance reached 0.2, the additive-dominance prediction models were significantly better than the additive-only models. However, in the prediction of the subsequent progeny population, this accuracy increase was only observed for the oligogenic trait.
Motivation: Protein-protein interfaces contain important information about molecular recognition. The discovery of conserved patterns is essential for understanding how substrates and inhibitors are ...bound and for predicting molecular binding. When an inhibitor binds to different enzymes (e.g. dissimilar sequences, structures or mechanisms what we call cross-inhibition), identification of invariants is a difficult task for which traditional methods may fail.
Results: To clarify how cross-inhibition happens, we model the problem, propose and evaluate a methodology called HydroPaCe to detect conserved patterns. Interfaces are modeled as graphs of atomic apolar interactions and hydrophobic patches are computed and summarized by centroids (HP-centroids), and their conservation is detected. Despite sequence and structure dissimilarity, our method achieves an appropriate level of abstraction to obtain invariant properties in cross-inhibition. We show examples in which HP-centroids successfully predicted enzymes that could be inhibited by the studied inhibitors according to BRENDA database.
Availability:
www.dcc.ufmg.br/~raquelcm/hydropace
Contact:
valdetemg@ufmg.br; raquelcm@dcc.ufmg.br; santoro@icb.ufmg.br
Supplementary information:
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A fixed-dose combination of mefloquine with artesunate was evaluated in cases of falciparum malaria in the Brazilian Amazon basin with acceptable efficacy, safety and tolerability. However, there are ...no data on the pharmacokinetics of mefloquine in this coformulation in Brazil, which is valuable to evaluate whether Plasmodium is exposed to an effective concentration of the drug.
A prospective, single-arm study was conducted in male patients with slide-confirmed infection by Plasmodium falciparum using two tablets of a fixed-dose combination of artesunate (100 mg) and mefloquine base (200 mg) once daily and over 3 consecutive days. Serial blood samples were collected at admission and throughout 672 h post-administration of the drugs. Mefloquine was measured in each blood sample by high-performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters were determined by non-compartmental analysis.
A total of 61 patients were enrolled in the study and 450 whole blood samples were collected for mefloquine measurement. The mefloquine half-life was 10.25 days, the maximum concentration (C
) was 2.53 µg/ml, the area-under-the-curve (AUC
) was 359 µg
ml h, the observed clearance (Cl/f) was 0.045 l/kg/h and the volume of distribution (V/f) was 14.6 l/kg. Mefloquine concentrations above 0.5 µg/ml were sustained for a mean time of 9.2 days.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of mefloquine determined in the study suggest an adequate exposure of parasite to mefloquine in the multiple oral dose regimen of the fixed dose combination of mefloquine and artesunate.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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