To evaluate the ability of a diagnostic abbreviated magnetic resonance (MR) imaging protocol consisting of maximum intensity projections (MIPs) from diffusion-weighted imaging with background ...suppression (DWIBS) and unenhanced morphologic sequences to help predict the likelihood of malignancy on suspicious screening x-ray mammograms, as compared with an abbreviated contrast material-enhanced MR imaging protocol and a full diagnostic breast MR imaging protocol.
This prospective institutional review board-approved study included 50 women (mean age, 57.1 years; range, 50-69 years), who gave informed consent and who had suspicious screening mammograms and an indication for biopsy, from September 2014 to January 2015. Before biopsy, full diagnostic contrast-enhanced MR imaging was performed that included DWIBS (b = 1500 sec/mm(2)). Two abbreviated protocols (APs) based on MIPs were evaluated regarding the potential to exclude malignancy: DWIBS (AP1) and subtraction images from the first postcontrast and the unenhanced series (AP2). Diagnostic indexes of both methods were examined by using the McNemar test and were compared with those of the full diagnostic protocol and histopathologic findings.
Twenty-four of 50 participants had a breast carcinoma. With AP1 (DWIBS), the sensitivity was 0.92 (95% confidence interval CI: 0.73, 0.98), the specificity was 0.94 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.99), the negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.92 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.99), and the positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.93 (95% CI: 0.75, 0.99). The mean reading time was 29.7 seconds (range, 4.9-110.0 seconds) and was less than 3 seconds (range, 1.2-7.6 seconds) in the absence of suspicious findings on the DWIBS MIPs. With the AP2 protocol, the sensitivity was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.95), the specificity was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.72, 0.97), the NPV was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.95), the PPV was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.97), and the mean reading time was 29.6 seconds (range, 6.0-100.0 seconds).
Unenhanced diagnostic MR imaging (DWIBS mammography), with an NPV of 0.92 and an acquisition time of less than 7 minutes, could help exclude malignancy in women with suspicious x-ray screening mammograms. The method has the potential to reduce unnecessary invasive procedures and emotional distress for breast cancer screening participants if it is used as a complement after the regular screening clarification procedure.
Imaging in multiple myeloma Delorme, Stefan; Baur-Melnyk, Andrea
European journal of radiology,
06/2009, Letnik:
70, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Abstract In multiple myeloma, imaging is required to determine the stage of disease and to anticipate impending bone fractures. Whereas the traditionally used Durie and Salmon staging system includes ...lytic bone lesions in plain films as criteria, modern systems include MRI findings. MRI is most sensitive to both diffuse bone marrow involvement as well as solid plasma cell tumors. Whole-body low-dose CT (WBCT) may replace plain films in the near future, since it is quicker, more sensitive and is better tolerated by patients. Intramedullary lesions are well seen as long as they are located in long bones where they are surrounded by fat. Diffuse bone marrow infiltration as well as intravertebral lesions, however, are difficult to detect with WBCT in the absence of frank destruction of cancellous bone. PET or PET-CT with 18-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) are insensitive to diffuse bone marrow infiltration, but may help to assess treatment response in solitary or multiple solid plasma cell tumors which have a high FDG uptake before treatment.
Evaluation of the accuracy of descriptive and physiological parameters calculated from signal intensity-time curves using T1-weighted dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE MRI) to differentiate prostate ...cancers from the peripheral gland. Twenty-seven patients with prostate cancers were examined with DCE MRI prior radical prostatectomy. Regions of interest were defined in tumors and non-affected areas in the peripheral zone. Dynamic data were parameterized in amplitude and exchange rate constant (kep) using a two-compartment model. Additionally, relative slope during 26, 39, 52 and 65 s, areas under the curve (AUC) and time to start of signal intensity increase (tlag) were determined. Vessel density (VD) of excised prostates was quantified in tumor areas using a CD34 stain. The parameter slope52 showed 20% higher values (P<0.001) in tumors than in the peripheral gland and compared with the other parameters the largest area under the ROC curve (0.81). The minimum total error rate was attained at a cut-point of 0.021, yielding a sample value of sensitivity and specificity of 70% and 88%, respectively, and a bias-corrected sum of sensitivity and specificity of 1.54. In addition, amplitude (P<0.001), kep (P=0.03) and AUC (P<0.001) were significantly higher in tumors. tlag did not discriminate carcinomas from glandular tissue. VD was higher in tumors than in the non-affected peripheral prostate (P=0.05). However, none of the dynamic parameters in carcinomas showed a significant correlation with VD or Gleason score. Although pharmacokinetic modeling in DCE MRI showed potential to discriminate prostate cancers from peripheral prostate tissue, descriptive parameters of the early signal enhancement after contrast media injection reached higher sensitivity and specificity.
The presence of bone marrow focal lesions and osteolytic lesions in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) is of high prognostic significance for their individual outcome. It is not known yet why some ...focal lesions seen in MRI, reflecting localized bone marrow infiltration of myeloma cells, remain non-lytic, whereas others are associated with destruction of mineralized bone. In this study, we analyzed MRI characteristics of manually segmented focal lesions in MM patients to identify possible features that might discriminate lytic and non-lytic lesions.
The initial cohort included a total of 140 patients with different stages of MM who had undergone both whole-body MRI and whole-body low-dose CT within 30 days, and of which 29 satisfied the inclusion criteria for this study. Focal lesions in MRI and corresponding osteolytic areas in CT were segmented manually. Analysis of the lesions included volume, location and first order texture features analysis.
There were significantly more lytic lesions in the axial skeleton than in the appendicular skeleton (p = 0.037). Out of 926 focal lesions in the axial skeleton seen on MRI, 544 (59.3 %) were osteolytic. Analysis of volume and first order texture features showed differences in texture and volume between focal lesions in MRI with and without local bone destruction in CT, but these findings were not statistically significant.
Neither morphological imaging characteristics like size and location nor first order texture features could predict whether focal lesions seen in MRI would exhibit corresponding bone destruction in CT. Studies performing biopsies of such lesions are ongoing.
•Consideration of radiological markers in MRI to predict bone destruction in CT.•Higher odds of a focal lesion being osteolytic in the axial skeleton vs. appendicular skeleton•Volume of osteolytic focal lesions in MRI is higher than in non-osteolytic lesions.•Automatic detection and segmentation of lesions in the future could be possible.
Objective
To investigate the incidence rate, time-to-onset and recovery, MRI morphology and occurrence of insufficiency fractures in radiation-induced changes in the sacrum following pelvic ...radiotherapy.
Material and methods
410 patients with pelvic malignancies treated with radiotherapy were reviewed. Follow-up was 1–124 months (mean 22 months). Serial MRI (average four studies/patient) were analysed using a new semi-quantitative score (
R
adiation-
I
nduced
S
acral
C
hanges=RISC). A size category (I/II/III), a type category for MR signal morphologies (a/b/c) and sacral insufficiency fractures (+/-) were applied.
Results
Seventy-two patients (17.6 %) were found to have new pathological signal changes. Radiation osteitis was documented in 83.3 % (60/72, RISC stage a + b), and definite osteonecrosis (stage c) in 12 patients (16.7 %, 12/72). Thirty-one patients (43.1 %) had sacral insufficiency fractures. Initial bone marrow signal changes were found 1–35 months (median 4 months) after radiotherapy. The maximum manifestation of radiation-induced signal changes occurred after 1–35 months (mean 11 months). Fifty-six cases (77.8 %) showed a significant signal recovery within 16.5 months.
Conclusion
Radiation-induced bone marrow changes appear with a high incidence at the sacrum with an early onset and frequent recovery. The majority presented a pattern of radiation osteitis, whereas osteoradionecrosis was proportionately rare.
Key Points
• Radiation-induced sacral bone marrow changes appear frequently (17.6 %) following pelvic radiotherapy.
• Insufficiency fractures are common late effects (43 %).
• Radiation osteitis develops early (4 mo), with recovery between 16.5 and 39.5 months.
• Definite radiological osteoradionecrosis is proportionately rare (3 %).
• A 3-stage classification system simplifies and standardizes the morphological disease staging.
OBJECTIVES:To evaluate relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in normal brain tissue using arterial spin-labeling (ASL) methods and first-pass dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) ...magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
METHODS:Sixty-two patients with brain metastases were examined on a 1.5 T-system up to 6 times during routine follow-up after stereotactic radiosurgery. Perfusion values in normal gray and white matter were measured using the ASL techniques ITS-FAIR in 38 patients, Q2TIPS in 62 patients, and the first-pass DSC echo-planar (EPI) MRI after bolus administration of gadopentetate dimeglumine in 42 patients. Precision of the ASL sequences was tested in follow-up examinations in 10 healthy volunteers.
RESULTS:Perfusion values in normal brain tissue obtained by all sequences correlated well by calculating Pearson’s correlation coefficients (P < 0.0001) and remained unchanged after stereotactic radiosurgery as shown by analysis of variance (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION:Both ASL and DSC EPI MRI yield highly comparable perfusion values in normal brain tissue.
The epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody cetuximab has proven activity in metastatic colorectal cancer. To date, the mechanisms of action are not completely understood. Especially the ...impact on tumor glucose metabolism, or tumor vascularization remains largely unclear. The understanding of mechanisms such as early changes in tumor metabolism is of clinical importance since there may be a substantial influence on choice and sequence of drug combinations. Early signals of response to cetuximab may prove useful to identify patients having a relevant clinical treatment benefit. The objective of this trial is to evaluate the predictive relevance of the relative change in (18)F-Fluorodeoxyglucose tumor uptake for early clinical response during short-term single agent treatment with cetuximab. Early clinical response will be routinely measured according to the response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. Accompanying research includes cytokine immune monitoring and analysis of tumor proteins and tumor genes.
The REMOTUX trial is an investigator-initiated, prospective, open-label, single-arm, single-center early exploratory predictive study. The first (18)F-FDG PET-CT is conducted at baseline followed by the run-in phase with cetuximab at days 1 and 8. At day 14, the second (18)F-FDG PET-CT is performed. Subsequently, patients are treated according to the Folfiri-cetuximab regimen as an active and approved first-line regimen for metastatic colorectal carcinoma. At day 56, clinical response is evaluated with a CT-scan compared to the baseline analysis. Tracer uptake is assessed using standardized uptake values (SUVs). The main hypothesis to be tested in the primary analysis is whether or not the relative change in the SUV from baseline to day 14 has any predictive relevance for early clinical response determined at day 56. Patients are followed until death from any cause or until 24 months after the last patient has ended trial treatment.
The aim of this trial is to evaluate metabolic changes in metastatic colorectal cancer during short-term single agent treatment with cetuximab and to analyse their potential of predicting early clinical response. This could be helpful to answer the question if early identification of patients not responding to cetuximab is possible.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT200811021020; EudraCT 200901327923.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Single-site carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is recognised as a distinct favourable subtype in the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) classification. There is broad consensus that these ...patients are candidates for local ablative treatment strategies with surgery and/or radiotherapy, but data on their outcomes are scarce.
In this study, we have addressed the prospects of cure and prognostic factors in a retrospective cohort of 63 patients who were eligible for local treatment at our centre.
Median event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were 15.6 months and 52.5 months, respectively. Of 61 patients who received local treatment, 20 (32.8%) remained event-free over a median follow-up of 28 months. Baseline clinical parameters including affected organ, number, volume and histology of metastases had no significant impact on prognosis, whereas deleterious TP53 mutations and DNA copy number loss emerged as independent adverse risk factors with respect to EFS. Surgical treatment was associated with improved OS as compared to radiation-based therapy.
Our study advocates to pursue localised treatment with surgery and/or radiotherapy whenever feasible and implies that genetic parameters might additionally determine the clinical course of single-site CUP patients.
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•CUP patients amenable to local ablative therapy achieve long-term remission and cure.•In CUP, candidates for local ablative therapy should be proactively identified.•Single-site CUP patients frequently qualify for renewed local treatment at relapse.•Deleterious TP53 mutation and DNA copy number loss predict adverse prognosis in local CUP.
The purpose of our study was the investigation of early changes in tumor vascularization during antiangiogenic therapy with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 antibody (DC101) ...using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE MRI). Subcutaneous heterotransplants of human skin squamous cell carcinomas in nude mice were treated with DC101. Animals were examined before and repeatedly during 2 weeks of antiangiogenic treatment using Gd-DTPA-enhanced dynamic T1-weighted MRI. With a two-compartment model, dynamic data were parameterized in "amplitude" (increase of signal intensity relative to precontrast value) and kep (exchange rate constant). Data obtained by MRI were validated by parallel examinations of histological sections immunostained for blood vessels (CD31). Already 2 days after the first DC101 application, a decrease of tumor vascularization was observed, which preceded a reduction of tumor volume. The difference between treated tumors and controls became prominent after 4 days, when amplitudes of treated tumors were decreased by 61% (P = .02). In line with change of microvessel density, the decrease in amplitudes was most pronounced in tumor centers. On day 7, the mean tumor volumes of treated (153 ± 843 mm3) and control animals (596 ± 384 mm3) were significantly different (P = .03). After 14 days, treated tumors showed further growth reduction (83 ± 93 mm3), whereas untreated tumors (1208±822 mm3) continued to increase (P=.02). Our data underline the efficacy of DC101 as antiangiogenic treatment in human squamous cell carcinoma xenografts in nude mice and indicate DCE MRI as a valuable tool for early detection of treatment effects before changes in tumor volume become apparent.
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) of the pleura is an aggressive and often fatal neoplasm. Because MM frequently demonstrates marked angiogenesis, it may be responsive to antiangiogenic therapy, but ...effective methods for selecting and monitoring of patients are further needed. We employed dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) to characterize the microvascularity of MM using both a physiologic and ultrastructural method.
Nineteen patients diagnosed with MM were enrolled and DCE-MRI was performed before antiangiogenic treatment. For each patient, tumor regions were characterized by their DCE-MRI-derived pharmacokinetic parameters (Amp, k(ep), k(el)), which were also compared to those of normal tissue (aorta, liver, spleen, and muscle). In addition, quantitative IHC of representative samples was performed with CD-34 staining to compare the calculated microvessel density (MVD) results with DCE-MRI results.
MM demonstrated markedly abnormal pharmacokinetic properties compared with normal tissues. Among the parameters tested, Amp was significantly different in MM (P < or = .001) compared to normal organs. Despite the observation that the MVD of mesotheliomas in this series was high compared to other tumors, DCE-MRI pharmacokinetic parameters had a moderately positive correlation with MVD (r = 0.5).
DCE-MRI and IHC can be used in patients with MM to visualize tumor microvascularity and to characterize tumor heterogeneity. DCE-MRI and IHC results positively correlated, though moderately, but these two methods present as essential tumor biomarkers. This multimodal characterization may be useful in selecting possible tumor subtypes that would benefit from antiangiogenic therapy.
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