Spherical, submicronic TiO2 powder particles were prepared in the low temperature process of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (150 °C) by using as a precursor aqueous colloidal solutions consisting of ...surface modified 45 Å TiO2 nanoparticles with dopamine. Detailed structural and morphological characterization of colored submicronic TiO2 spheres was performed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), laser particle size analysis and FTIR techniques. Also, optical characterization of both dopamine-modified TiO2 precursor nanoparticles and submicronic TiO2 powder particles was performed using absorption and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, respectively. A significant decrease of the effective band gap (1.9 eV) in dopamine-modified TiO2 nanoparticles compared to the band gap of bulk material (3.2 eV) was preserved after formation of submicronic TiO2 powder particles in the process of ultrasonic spray pyrolysis under mild experimental conditions. Due to the nanostructured nature, surface-modified assemblage of TiO2 nanoparticles preserved unique ability to absorb light through charge transfer complex by photoexcitation of the ligand-to-TiO2 band, conventionally associated with extremely small TiO2 nanoparticles (d < 20 nm) whose surface Ti atoms, owing to the large curvature, have penta-coordinate geometry.
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•The surface-modified TiO2 nanoparticles with dopamine were used as a precursor.•Colored submicronic TiO2 particles were obtained after ultrasonic spray pyrolysis.•CT complex was formed between electron donating ligands and surface Ti atoms.•The effective band-gap of surface modified TiO2 powders decreases to 1.3 eV.
Spherical, submicronic TiO
2
assemblage with high specific surface area and controllable phase composition was prepared in the process of ultrasonic spray drying/pyrolysis in a wide temperature range ...(150–800 °C) by using as a precursor aqueous colloidal solution consisting of TiO
2
nanoparticles (4.5 nm). Submicronic, soft and grained spherical TiO
2
particles (
d
= 370–500 nm) comprising clustered nanocrystals (<10 nm) were obtained at low processing temperature, while particle densification, intensive growth of the clustered primary units and anatase-to-rutile transformation (~30 wt%) were observed at the higher temperatures. Detailed structural and morphological characterisation were performed by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning and field emission electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and laser particle size analysis. Moreover, the surface modification of TiO
2
particles through the formation of charge-transfer (CT) complex was achieved with different ligands: ascorbic acid, dopamine, catechol, 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene, and anthrarobin. Optical properties of the surface-modified TiO
2
particles were studied by using diffuse reflection spectroscopy. The binding structure between the surface titanium atoms and different ligands was determined by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The formation of CT complexes induced significant red shift of optical absorption in comparison to unmodified TiO
2
particles.
We report on the possibility to build hierarchically organized three-dimensional (3D) titania spherical particles having high surface-to-volume-ratio, by aerosol processing of nanotubular building ...blocks. Morphology and crystal structure of titania based spherical assemblies, obtained in the temperature range from 150 to 650°C, were characterized by means of scanning and transmission electron microscopy, x-ray powder diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Initial shape of 1D building units, nanotubes, was well preserved in the spherical assemblies processed at 150 and 450°C. Processing at 650°C resulted in a collapse of the nanotubular building blocks and formation of the assemblies of irregularly shaped TiO2 nanoparticles. Structural analysis revealed several phase transitions in titania spherical assemblies in course with the temperature increase indicating possibility of in-situ phase composition adjustment during aerosol processing.
Ungeachtet der Schlüsselrolle neutestamentlicher Christologie bei der Entstehung
des nachösterlichen Glaubens und des daraus resultierenden urchristlichen Kerygmas blieb ungemindert das Interesse der ...Urgemeinde an historischem Jesus von Nazareth, an seiner Verkündigung und Lehre bestehen. Der älteste Evangelist Markus hat das in seinem Evangelium meisterhaft zum Ausdruck gebracht. Er schreibt »das Evangelium von Jesus Christus, dem Sohne Gottes« (Mk 1,1) in dem im Mittelpunkt Jesus von Nazareth steht, der »das Evangelium Gottes verkündet« (1,14). Dies geschah hauptsächlich in zahlreichen Gleichnissen, aber auch in vielen kurzen und einprägsamen Bildworten. Dazu kamen seine Wunder und Zeichenhandlungen. All‘ das und vieles mehr, vor allem sein Umgang mit der Schrift liess bei seinen Zeitgenossen die Frage aufkommen: »Wer ist dieser?« Bald wurde klar, dass die Titel, wie Rabbi, Prophet, aber auch Messias nicht ausreichen, sein Geheimnis zu lüften.
Koliko se Hercegovina promijenila u zadnjem stoljeću, kao ilustracija mogu poslužiti napuštena kamena zdanja za prikupljanje vode pokraj kraških vrtača.
Zdenci (bunari), nakapnice (čatrnje) i lokve ...bitan su izvor podataka za povijest naroda i područja, ali i za povijest graditeljstva. Nažalost, naplavi mnogih javnih zdenaca, nakapnica (čatrnja) i lokava zapušteni su ili obrasli korovom, a spremnici oštećeni ili djelomično zatrpani. Naše nakapnice i lokve trebamo osposobiti ne samo iz kulturno-povijesnih razloga, izletničkih privlačenosti nego iz potrebe, jer sačuvati pitku vodu dragocjenije je od zlata. U radu se opisuje graditeljska baština kraj izvora i voda koji su dio naslijeđene baštine i svjedoče o životu stanovništva Hercegovine tijekom stoljeća.
In this work, the authors analyze and reflect critically on research that was conducted on 218 young adults from the eastern and western deanery of the Osijek area. Young adults participated in the ...Marriage Preparation course during six encounters (the encounters were held in the eastern deanery from 2 to 14 March and in the western deanery from 6 to 22 February 2017) which were organized by the Committee for Marriage and the Family of Đakovo-Osijek archdiocese and the abovementioned deaneries. Analysis and critical review of young people in the city of Osijek and nearby communities on their thoughts about values, expectations, disappointments, and hopes in the period before marriage is presented in the first part of the work. In the second part, one of the most important dimensions for a successful marriage and a happy family – the religious observance of young people – is analyzed and their religious practice is shown through the typology of (un)believers (practical believers, traditional, occasional, religious, and atheists). Among young people in the city of Osijek, 27.06 percent identified as practical believers, 35.32 percent identified as occasional believers, 26.6 percent identified as traditional believers, 8.25 percent identified as agnostics, and 1.37 percent identified as atheists.
Strah u svjetlu Biblije DUGANDŽIĆ, Ivan
Bogoslovska smotra,
02/2004, Letnik:
73, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Polazeći od toga da je strah opće ljudska pojava, u članku se istražuje kako Biblija u svjetlu objave gleda na strah. Autor uočava razliku između čovjekova straha od moćnijeg neprijatelja, od ...prirodnih sila, od bolesti i na kraju od smrti, na jednoj te straha od božanstva i tajanstvenosti kojom je ono obavijeno, na drugoj strani. Biblija pomaže čovjeku da nadvlada prvu vrstu straha dozivajući mu u svijest da je izvor tog straha u samoj čovjekovoj ograničenosti i konačno u smrtnosti, pozivajući ga istodobno da se osloni na Boga koji je jedina čovjekova sigurnost. Druga vrsta, numinozni strah, koji je u početku biblijskom čovjeku zajednički sa svim drugim ljudima, polagano se u svjetlu objave preobražava u strahopoštovanje pred osobnim Bogom koji se objavio Mojsiju. Iako je Jahve uzvišen i strašan, on je svome narodu blizak i svet i zato ga njegov narod smije častiti, umjesto da ga se boji. Tako polagano pojam strah Božji postaje sinonim za čašćenje Boga i za pravilan odnos prema Bogu. Mudrosna literatura, pod utjecajem helenističke filozofske misli, otkriva razum kao izvor prave spoznaje volje Božje i zato strah tumači kao posljedicu manjka prave spoznaje Boga na strani čovjeka. Novi zavjet poznaje oblik numinoznog straha u smislu nedokučivosti tajne Isusove osobe i njegova poslanja te u isto vrijeme snage koja izlazi iz njega i kojom čovjeka veže uza se. Taj strah se javlja i u iznenadnim ukazanjima Uskrsloga, ali on prelazi u radost čim učenici u Uskrslom prepoznaju Isusa. Napokon, Pavao, ali i neki drugi novozavjetni autori, iako s jedne strane ističu sinovski odnos kršćana s Bogom u kojem nema mjesta nikakvu ropskom strahu, ipak na drugoj strani koriste motiv straha u parenetskom smislu, kao upozorenje da je kršćanska egzistencija eshatološka egzistencija, to jest još uvijek otvorena za konačno dovršenje, pri čemu treba računati i sa sudom.
This article explores the consequences which the sudden change in Paul’s life until Damascus had on his personal faith and what it meant for the faith of communities that emerged from paganism based ...on his proclamation of the Gospel. The article also explores how the biblical faith in the one and only God of Israel became faith in Jesus Christ. From this necessarily follows the question of the relationship between Christology and the authentic theology that was particularly emphasized by Paul. Furthermore, in order to shed light on the concept and content of faith in Paul’s epistles, it is necessary to focus on the relationship between repentance and faith, and the relationship between Gospel and faith. It is also important to determine the true meaning of Paul’s specific topic of justification by faith, because the integration of Christian communities, originated from paganism, in the history of salvation is based on this meaning. The article deals also with the realization of faith in everyday life, in other words it deals with Christian ethics, as well as with the future dimension of faith, in fact the relationship of faith and hope.
U prvom dijelu rada dana je povijest gradnje novog župnog stana i povijest gradnje crkve. Pripremni radovi započeli su 1935. godine, a gradnja crkve 1938. godine, da bi bila prekinuta za vrijeme ...Drugog svjetskog rata i u razdoblju iza njega, te nastavljena i završena u razdoblju od 1958. do 1961. godine.
U središnjem dijelu rada opisana je konstrukcija crkve. Zidovi crkve debljine 75 centimetara su dvoslojni od kamena. Unutarnji je sloj sazidan od lomljenog lokalnog kamena vapnenca u vapnenom mortu, dok je vanjski izrađen od pravilno klesanog pravokutnog kamena. Skoro cijeli vijenac izgrađen je od kamena, izuzev dijela koji je 1958. godine betonski nadograđen.
Starozavjetni mesijanski naslovi odigrali su značajnu ulogu u nastanku novozavjetne kristologije. Pavao dijeli većinu tih naslova s drugim novozavjetnim autorima, što ne znači da s njima u potpunosti ...dijeli i njihov sadržaj. To proizlazi iz same činjenice da se on ne bavi životom i učenjem Isusa iz Nazareta i odnosom niskosti njegove zemaljske egzistencije prema uzvišenosti mesijanskog poslanja, već je sav usredotočen na Isusovu smrt i uskrsnuće. Još k tome, Pavao nema pred očima samo Isusovu smrt nego smrt na križu. Štoviše, križ postaje središtem njegova evanđelja, što i ideji starozavjetnog mesijanizma daje posve novo obilježje. Članak se bavi upravo tim pitanjem odnosa Pavlove teologije križa i ideje mesijanizma. Točnije, kako je u Pavlovim zajednicama od ranokršćanske vjere da je Bog Isusa, optužena za mesijanizam i osuđena na sramotnu smrt na križu, učinio Mesijom i Spasiteljem, došlo do vjere u Isusa kao Gospodina i Sina Božjega? Usto, važnu ulogu u nastanku specifične Pavlove kristologije ima i ideja preegzistentnoga Sina Božjega, odnosno njezin odnos prema ideji mesijanizma i teologiji križa.
