High rate of glycolysis is a metabolic hallmark of cancer. While anaerobic glycolysis promotes energy production under hypoxia, aerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect, offers a proliferative ...advantage through redirecting carbohydrate fluxes from energy production to biosynthetic pathways. To fulfill tumor cell needs, the glycolytic switch is associated with elevated glucose uptake and lactic acid release. Altered glucose metabolism is the basis of positron emission tomography using the glucose analogue tracer 18F- fluorodeoxyglucose, a widely used clinical application for tumor diagnosis and monitoring. On the other hand, high levels of lactate have been associated with poor clinical outcome in several types of human cancers. Although lactic acid was initially considered merely as an indicator of the glycolytic flux, many evidences originally from the study of normal tissue physiology and more recently transposed to the tumor situation indicate that lactic acid, i.e. the lactate anion and protons, directly contributes to tumor growth and progression. Here, we briefly review the current knowledge pertaining to lactic acidosis and metastasis, lactate shuttles, the influence of lactate on redox homeostasis, lactate signaling and lactate-induced angiogenesis in the cancer context. The monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 have now been confirmed as prominent facilitators of lactate exchanges between cancer cells with different metabolic behaviors and between cancer and stromal cells. We therefore address the function and regulation of MCTs, highlighting MCT1 as a novel anticancer target. MCT1 inhibition allows to simultaneously disrupt metabolic cooperativity and angiogenesis in cancer with a same agent, opening a new path for novel anticancer therapies.
In India, 700 million tons of agricultural waste generated annually is burned by farmers in the fields, which decreases biological activity in soil. The issue of handling the enormous amounts of crop ...residues that emerge from increased crop output might be resolved by composting. However, different crop residues improve soil physico-chemical and biological properties in different ways. Crop residue incorporation and fertilization (NPK) impact crop productivity due to changes in soil microbial biomass carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and the soil enzymatic activity. A field experiment was conducted for two years (2020–2021 and 2021–2022), which comprises five partially composted crop residues treatments viz., control, clusterbean straw, groundnut shell, pearlmillet husk, and sesame stover (added at rate of 5 t ha−1), and four fertilization (NPK) treatments viz., control, 75% RDF, 100% RDF, and 125% RDF. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP), enzymatic activities in soil and wheat yield were studied under a semi-arid environment (India). Data showed that the continuous application of crop residues and fertilizer significantly affected MBC, MBN, MBP, and soil enzymatic activity after two years of experimentation in a semi-arid region environment. The highest levels of microbial biomass (viz, MBC, MBN, MBP) and enzyme activities were noticed in the sesame stover and 125% recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) treatments. Therefore, this study highlights the need for restoring crop residue for effective soil management. The crop residue and NPK fertilization are more efficient in improving the soil’s microbial properties and the yield of wheat.
Pearl millet is a small, nutrient-rich cereal grain that can survive in both heat and drought conditions. Many Asian and African nations regularly produce pearl millet grains. In terms of yield, ...India is leading the globe and contributes highest production of Pearl millet. Its grains have a huge nutritional potential because of gluten free nature have more dietary fibers than rice, similar to maize in terms of lipid content, and more or less similar in protein in wheat. Due to the growing demand in food industries, various techniques for the improved production have been introduced. The agricultural revolution has expanded the use of chemical fertilizers for the enhanced production of many agricultural crops, including pearl millet. However, use of chemical fertilizers through traditional methods leads to excessive application but inefficient uptake by the plant (due to volatilization, leaching off into the soil, difficult absorption into the plant etc.), causes negative impact on the natural environment. Nano-fertilizers on the other hand are crucial determining factors in agriculture for enhancing growth, yield and provide higher nutrient usage efficiency, less fertilizer waste and lower cultivation costs etc. These kind of materials might successfully address the solution of current agricultural problems, particularly those related to the human population's iron and zinc deficiencies. The current review paper focuses on production of pearl millet in India, its applications in human health, role of nano fertilizers for the enhanced production and quality improvement.
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•India is a global leader in the production of pearl millet.•Pearl millet can be used for making gluten free cereal based products.•Pearl millet has high nutritional compositions as comparison to other cereal crops.•Zinc and iron nanofertilizers play crucial role in the enhancement of pearl millet production.
Plant secondary metabolites (SMs) play significant roles in plant survival and in creating ecological connections between other species. In addition, SMs positively affect the production of valuable ...natural products coupled with the protection against pathogenic attacks as well as biotic and abiotic stresses. Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. is a well-known medicinal plant, widely used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of ailments. The plant is commonly known as "Brahmi" and is traditionally renowned for its cognition-enhancing properties. Bacoside A, one of the important phytoconstituent produced in Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. increases its pharmaceutical value and its accumulation is highly dependent on different abiotic stress including light, soil water, temperature, salinity, etc. This review is focused on the impact of various abiotic stress factors responsible to produce bacosides, their chemical constituents and isomers allied with the pharmaceutical importance in the industries. Besides, genes responsible for the bacoside synthesis during stress conditions are regulated by pathways such as MVA (mevalonate) and MEP (methylerythritol 4-phosphate) have also been discussed.
Greenhouse gas inventory estimates for India Sharma, Subodh K.; Choudhury, Asim; Sarkar, Pinaki ...
Current science (Bangalore),
08/2011, Letnik:
101, Številka:
3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
This article reports the greenhouse gas emissions of anthropogenic origin by sources and removals by sinks of India for 2007 prepared under the aegis of the Indian Network for Climate Change ...Assessment (INCCA) (note 1). The emission profile includes carbon dioxide (CO2), methane and nitrous oxide. It also includes the estimates of hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons and sulphur hexafluoride at the national level from various sectors, viz. energy, industrial process and product use, agriculture, land-use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF), and waste. In 2007, emissions were of the order of 2008.67 Tg (note 2) of CO2 equivalents without emissions from the LULUCF sector. Whereas with LULUCF the emissions were about 1831.65 Tg CO2 equivalents. The energy sector accounted for 69% of the total emissions, the agriculture sector contributed 19% of the emissions, 9% of the emissions was from the industrial processes and product use, and only 3% of the emissions was attributable to the waste sector. The LULUCF sector on the whole was net sink category for CO2. The study tracks the improvements made in inventory estimates at the national level through the years, in terms of the expanding coverage of sources, reducing uncertainties and inclusion of new methodologies, including some elements of future areas of work.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
One of the most remarkable changes in the academic Diaspora is the international creation of virtual platforms, which has given rise to a new edge system of learning. Covid-19 presents a unique and ...severe problem on every front. The nationwide shutdown by the administration aims to control the diffusion of Covid-19 at education institutions across the country. Many (local, national, and worldwide) institutions have implemented a reliable and beneficial contactless atmosphere for students and faculties to maintain the continuity of learning. As a result, teachers and students are greatly influenced by the new-age virtual teaching method adopted and implemented. The survey respondents were picked by a combination of online surveys and personality tests, and then the questionnaire they were given included both closed- and open-ended items. The numbers of university and secondary school portals have recently seen an upward trend. So, to better investigate the abilities of teachers and learners to identify the efficiency of dominating content delivery methods, a hybrid approach of the exploratory study was employed. Students and faculty, 140 each who have taken web-based learning at 25 Indian institutions, are sampled using a snowball sampling methodology. The results of the t-test demonstrated a considerable divergence in teaching-learning impressions between faculty and students on three manifests ( \mathrm{p} < 0.005 ). Learners' responses differed from faculty responses, and statistically significant differences were found, such as scientific material can be taught effectively online, improved technocratic pedagogy is the core part of e-learning, reliance on computers/connectivity.
A field experiment was conducted during kharif season of 2012–13 to find out suitable management practice to manage agri-horti system under Psidium guajava L. based agroforestry system. Suitability ...of the method was assessed based on yield of mungbean. The yield attributes i.e. pod/plant, pod length, number of seeds/pod, seed yield, stover yield, biological yield and harvest index were significantly influenced with distance and RDF levels. The seed yield of mungbean was significantly higher due to tree management practices imposed to Psidium guajava L. Seed yield as affected by distance from tree was found significant in D2 (2.0 m away from tree 748 kg/ha) recorded significantly higher seed yield than D1 (1.25 m away from tree 629 kg/ha) in mungbean. Seed yield as affected by RDF levels were also found significant. No significant difference recorded in between F3 (75% RDF) and F4 (125% RDF) and they were found significantly superior than remaining RDF levels. Lowest seed yield recorded in F1 (50% RDF) level. Interaction between distance from tree and RDF level was found significant. The seed yield of mungbean significantly higher with the combination of 2.0 m away from tree and 100% RDF level.
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