Purpose
Fashion models and athletes are considered at risk for eating disorders, but research has produced mixed findings and little insight into psychological risk factors. Body-focused performance ...is common to both occupations, but emotional risk factors like alexithymia and body-image particularities have not been compared between them. This study aimed to: (1) examine the levels of alexithymia and affective states among female fashion models and athletes as body-performing occupations, and a control group, and (2) compare multidimensional body image and disordered eating among these groups.
Methods
Data from 351 females aged 16–30 were compared among three samples: fashion models (
n
= 88), student athletes (
n
= 84) and control students (
n
= 179), who completed measures for alexithymia, affective states, multidimensional body image, and disordered eating.
Results
Fashion models had significantly lower alexithymia compared with the other groups, and lower negative affect than controls. Positive affect was significantly lower among controls than the other groups. Body image comparisons revealed significantly higher fitness evaluation and orientation in fashion models and athletes compared to controls. Fashion models had significantly higher appearance orientation than the other groups. Student athletes had significantly higher appearance evaluation than controls and higher fitness evaluation than fashion models. Disordered eating did not differ among groups.
Conclusion
Lower alexithymia among fashion models is discussed in the context of emotional labor and artistic public performance. The findings suggest that body-focused performance may have emotional benefits and may drive higher body-image investment and satisfaction.
Level of evidence
Level III, case–control analytic study
Most of the studies concerning nonsuicidal self-injury behaviors of persons deprived of liberty were on female participants. This cross-sectional comparative study compared the levels of death ...anxiety, pain catastrophizing, dissociative experiences, and state-trait anger among male inmates with nonsuicidal self-injury behaviors and noninjuring controls. The results indicated high levels of death anxiety, dissociation, and pain catastrophizing in both groups of participants and the absence of significant differences between the groups. The implications of the results suggest the need of taking into consideration these variables in the behavior management plans used with inmates who engage in self-injurious behavior.
Mental health literacy (MHL) is a four-component concept that includes mental health and mental illness knowledge and understanding, information about mental illness treatments, decreased stigma ...towards mental illness and improved help-seeking efficacy. The MHL intervention programs and MHL measures in the present literature focus on adult populations; MHL measures and interventions for adolescents need more attention from developing and undeveloped non-Western countries. We aim to analyze the psychometric properties of some MHL measures using factor analysis and reliability tests. We also present the cultural adaptation of the Mental Health and High School Curriculum Guide - a MHL intervention proposed by Kutcher, Wei, McLuckie, and Bullock (2013) - using some guidelines presented in literature. Our initial sample size consisted of 319 adolescents. Due to missing data the number of cases we used for each measurements analysis fluctuates between 252 and 302. Results show adequate construct validity and internal consistency for most of the MHL measures included in the study, but we conclude that more research is needed, especially for the MH knowledge measure, which indicated mixed results.
The separation of children from their parents, who have left abroad to work for a long period of time, may generate the feeling of abandonment and parental rejection, with repercussions on their ...personality. This is the reason for which the goal of this study was to examine the connection between the perception of parental rejection and psychological adjustment of the teenagers whose parents have left abroad to work. 284 high school students registered in the 9th-12th grades in three different schools participated to the study. Self-report data on maternal and paternal perceived rejection and adolescent psychological adjustment were collected. The comparisons between environments have showed that mother's migration has the highest impact on the teenagers left behind. The teenagers whose mothers have left abroad feel rejected by their mother, they are more aggressive, and have a lower self-esteem and a negative vision over the world. Father's migration determines an increase of self-esteem and of the perception of parental acceptance. The most important predictors of teenagers' psychological adjustment have proved to be father's aggressiveness and mother's aggressiveness and warmth/affection.
The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association of supernatural beliefs and sense of coherence with death anxiety and death depression in a Romanian sample of cancer patients. We ...found support for the terror management theory worldview defence hypothesis postulating the presence of a curvilinear relation between death anxiety and supernatural beliefs among cancer patients. Results conformed to an inverted U-shape quadratic regression, indicating that cancer patients who scored moderately on supernatural beliefs were afraid of death the most, while death anxiety was lowest for the extreme atheists and extreme believers in supernatural entities.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Background: Qigong meditation has been rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine where it is perceived as a form of intervention which results in enhancing the mind and body connection. The main purpose ...it is to simultaneously exercise the mind and the body for treating various chronic diseases and moreover, promoting healthy life. Objectives: The main aim of the present review sits in emphasizing the benefits of static qigong since the majority of studies focused on the benefits of qigong practice without differentiating between the dynamic and static form. Method: The research was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline by consulting various medical and non-medical data-bases were for identifying the publications of interest. Results: Nine studies met the selection criteria totalizing 458 participants. The main outcome measures included physiological measures by using EEG and/or heart signals with major implications for focus and relaxation in six cases. One study investigated stress related markers (e.g. cortisol, adrenaline, endorphins etc.), while another study investigated various hormones related to the immune capacity. The preference for various meditation techniques, among which static qigong, was also investigated. Conclusion: The present research emphasized a highly positive relationship between static qigong, as a mind-body therapy, and various psychophysiological effects. Specifically, this review shows that static qigong can improve people's health by positively altering indicators like heart rate signals, EEG monitored brain waves, cortisol and immunity related markers. KEYWORDS: Static qigong, meditation, physiological effects, review
This quasi-experiment using a real/simulator model investigated differences in cognitive flexibility in high and low hypnotizable participants. Using the variables of hypnotizability (low/high), ...consciousness (nonhypnotized/hypnotized), mood (happy/sad), and visual-information processing (global/local), reaction times and target detection paradigms of the subjects were evaluated during both nonhypnotic and hypnotic states. Flexibility in cognitive processing was operationalized as the ability to overcome the typical global precedence and answer quickly about the nonprevalent local features. It was observed that the low hypnotizable participants were not influenced in their preference for the global or local dimension by any manipulated variable, whereas the high hypnotizables were more flexible.
Background: Qigong meditation has been rooted in Traditional Chinese Medicine where it is perceived as a form of intervention which results in enhancing the mind and body connection. The main purpose ...it is to simultaneously exercise the mind and the body for treating various chronic diseases and moreover, promoting healthy life. Objectives: The main aim of the present review sits in emphasizing the benefits of static qigong since the majority of studies focused on the benefits of qigong practice without differentiating between the dynamic and static form. Method: The research was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline by consulting various medical and non-medical data-bases were for identifying the publications of interest. Results: Nine studies met the selection criteria totalizing 458 participants. The main outcome measures included physiological measures by using EEG and/or heart signals with major implications for focus and relaxation in six cases. One study investigated stress related markers (e.g. cortisol, adrenaline, endorphins etc.), while another study investigated various hormones related to the immune capacity. The preference for various meditation techniques, among which static qigong, was also investigated. Conclusion: The present research emphasized a highly positive relationship between static qigong, as a mind-body therapy, and various psychophysiological effects. Specifically, this review shows that static qigong can improve people’s health by positively altering indicators like heart rate signals, EEG monitored brain waves, cortisol and immunity related markers.
This research compared a no-treatment control condition and 3 experimentally induced pain treatment conditions: (a) virtual reality distraction (VRD), (b) hypnotic analgesia (HA), and (c) HA + VRD in ...relieving finger-pressure pain. After receiving baseline pain stimulus, each participant received hypnosis or no hypnosis, followed by VRD or no VRD during another pain stimulus. The data analysis indicated that, overall, all 3 treatments were more effective compared to the control group, irrespective of whether it involved hypnotic analgesia, virtual reality distraction, or both (hypnosis and virtual reality). Nevertheless, the participants responded differently to the pain treatment, depending on the hypnotizability level. High hypnotizables reported hypnotic analgesia, but low hypnotizables did not show hypnotic analgesia. VR distraction reduced pain regardless of hypnotizability.
The present study aims to investigate the impact of the performers’ gender and chosen musical instrument on the link between performance anxiety and musical level of undergraduate instrumentalists in ...exam situations. A sample of 130 undergraduate music students was asked to complete The Competitive State Anxiety Inventory CSAI-2 immediately after performing for their final exams. Correlations were calculated between their reported anxiety scores and the grades they obtained for the musical level showed in the exam situations. Results have shown that the level of performance anxiety differs according to gender and musical instrument. These two variables also mediate its relationship with the musical level.
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