A handy method has recently been developed to investigate atomic vibration on a surface using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. We measured the temperature dependence of many spot ...intensities to obtain the angular dependence of Debye-Waller factors, from which the angular-dependence amplitudes of atomic vibration on surface can be deduced. We applied this method on a Si(111){radical}(3)x{radical}(3)-Ga surface. The obtained perpendicular vibrational amplitude of Ga was 0.11 A, which is in good agreement with those obtained by other works. The lateral vibrational amplitude is 0.07 A, which was observed directly for the first time.
Hairy roots were induced from leaf segments of Crotalaria juncea, which is used as a green manure crop antagonistic to nematodes, by infection with a mikimopine type wild strain of Agrobacterium ...rhizogenes A13 (MAFF02-10266). These roots exhibited vigorous growth and abundant lateral branching on half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2MS) medium without phytohormones. The adventitious shoots were induced from 30% of root segments 3 months after transfer onto medium containing 3 mg/l benzyl adenine. These shoots produced roots 1 month after transfer onto 1.2% agar-solidified 1/2MS medium without phytohormones. Regenerated plants were successfully grown under greenhouse conditions. The transgenic nature of the regenerated plants was confirmed by Southern-blot analysis.
Background: Although accurate assessment of right ventricular (RV) morphology and function is clinically important, data regarding reference values for echocardiographic measurements of the right ...ventricle in the Japanese population are limited.Methods and Results: The World Alliance Society of Echocardiography (WASE) Normal Values Study was conducted to examine normal echocardiographic values in 15 countries. Using the WASE study database, we analyzed 2-dimensional echocardiographic parameters of RV size and systolic function in 192 healthy Japanese individuals and compared them with those obtained from 153 healthy American individuals. In the Japanese population, the absolute values of RV dimensions were smaller for women than men, although the difference disappeared after the data were adjusted for body surface area. RV dimensions, RV length and RV area were smaller in the elderly, but age did not affect RV systolic function. The absolute value, but not the adjusted value, of RV size tended to be smaller in Japanese than American individuals for both sexes. For men, RV systolic function parameters were lower in the Japanese population. This trend was not seen in women.Conclusions: The present study identified normal reference values for RV size and systolic function in a healthy Japanese population. Sex, age, and race had a significant impact on RV size; however, this trend was weak for RV systolic function.
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