Polietilen niske gustoće (LDPE) sintetski je nerazgradljiv polimer koji se najčešće upotrebljava kao ambalažni materijal za pakiranje hrane, međutim njegova nerazgradljivost ima loš utjecaj na ...okoliš. Razvoj i uporaba biorazgradljivih polimernih materijala ili plastike kao ambalažnog materijala za pakiranje hrane danas je u značajnom porastu. Biopolimeri predstavljaju jednu od najznačajnijih alternativa za razvoj ekološki prihvatljive ambalaže u prehrambenoj industriji zbog njihove biorazgradljivosti. Cilj ovoga rada bio je pripremiti biokompozite na osnovi linearnog polietilena niske gustoće (LDPE), rižinih ljuskica (RLJ) i punila mikro titanijeva dioksida (mTiO2) kako bi se dobili biorazgradljivi biokompoziti s antibakterijskim učinkom, pogodni za primjenu kao ambalažni materijali u prehrambenoj industriji. Biokompoziti su pripremljeni umješavanjem u laboratorijskoj Brabender gnjetilici. Ispitan je utjecaj različitog masenog udjela mTiO2 (
w
= 0,5, 1,0, 1,5 i 2,0 %) na inhibiciju bakterijske kulture
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
i
Bacillus subtilis
. Rezultati pokazuju da je mTiO2 inhibirao rast bakterijske kulture
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
i
Bacillus subtilis
kod masenog udjela mTiO2 od 1,5 i 2,0 % (broj stanica bakterijskih kultura se smanjivao). Rezultati TGA i DSC mjerenja pokazuju prisutnost mTiO2 u biokompozitima.
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a synthetic, non-degradable polymer most commonly used as a food packaging material; however, its non-degradability has an adverse effect on the environment. The development and use of biodegradable polymeric materials or plastics as packaging materials for food packaging has significantly increased. Biopolymers present one of the best alternatives for development of environmentally friendly packaging materials in the food industry due to their biodegradability. The aim of this study was to prepare biocomposites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), rice husk (RH) and micro titanium dioxide (mTiO2) as a filler in order to obtain a biodegradable and antibacterial material suitable for use as a packaging material in the food industry. The biocomposites were prepared by melt mixing in laboratory Brabender mixer. Antibacterial effect of different mass fraction of mTiO2 (
w
= 0.5; 1.0; 1.5, and 2.0 %) on bacterial cultures of
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Bacillus subtilis
was investigated. The results showed that mTiO2 inhibited the growth of bacterial cultures of
Escherichia coli
,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
, and
Bacillus subtilis
at the mTiO2 mass fraction of 1.5 and 2.0 % (the number of bacterial culture cells decreased). The results of TGA and DSC measurements showed that TiO2 was blended successfully into the biocomposites.
As the world’s population and urbanization have significantly increased in the past few decades, the generation of municipal solid waste has accelerated on global scale. The biowaste disposal, which ...is an integral part of municipal waste, leads to leachate production. These kinds of wastewater are characterized by complex composition with very high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollution substances and toxicity, which may have harmful impact on the environment. This study investigated the physico-chemical and biological characterization of leachate from biowaste. The experiments were conducted in batch performance with initial concentration of leachate, expressed as chemical oxygen demand, 12.21 ± 0.46 g O2/L and pH value 4.05 ± 0.13. Obtained results showed that leachate from biowaste have high value of chemical oxygen demand, toxicity and low pH. Overall efficiency of the process of aerobic biodegradation was 89 %. The abundance of viable bacterial cells and development of activated sludge flocs during the experiment confirmed the biodegradability of leachate from biowaste.
U ovom je radu procijenjen energetski potencijal miješanog komunalnog otpada koji preostaje nakon ispunjavanja propisanih i planiranih ciljeva gospodarenja komunalnim otpadom, nakon obrade u ...postrojenjima za mehaničko-biološku obradu. Tom obradom proizvodi se kruto gorivo iz otpada ili električna i toplinska energija u slučaju proizvodnje bioplina anaerobnom obradom biorazgradive frakcije otpada.
Radi analize, 2026. je pretpostavljena kao godina izgradnje centara za gospodarenje otpadom. Ukupni energetski potencijal koji je moguće iskoristiti oporabom otpada iznosi oko 5,3 PJ, odnosno iznosi oko 3,71 % od količine energije iz sektora ukupne opće potrošnje energije za 2018. godinu.
Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna .
Fosamprenavir calcium is an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in which trace elements must be monitored by ICH Q3D Guideline. It delivers appropriate method to ensure the quality of the product ...and its safe use. Elemental impurities in API are separated in three classes based on their toxicity and probability of their occurrence in the product. ICP-MS has proven to be a suitable technique with the appropriate sample preparation method. Due to the presence of oxidising agents in the sample preparation, determination of osmium is problematic. In the presence of oxidising nitric acid, a highly volatile and toxic osmium tetraoxide is formed. Due to its high volatility, the recovery of osmium has reached the value of 287 %, which exceeds recovery limit (70–150 %). However, osmium can be stabilised by complexation with thiourea in the hydrochloric acid solution (recovery = 87 %). In that way, the loss of osmium is reduced and good results are achieved in terms of usability, accuracy, and precision. A method with addition of thiourea has been successfully validated through main validation parameters: linearity, quantitation limit, selectivity, accuracy, precision (which included repeatability and intralaboratory reproducibility), and robustness. Each of these validation parameters met the acceptance criteria, and therefore it was concluded that the method is suitable for the determination of trace elements in fosamprenavir calcium by ICP-MS.
Utjecaj komine masline na okoliš Ocelić Bulatović, Vesna; Škunca, Ana; Miškić, Kristina ...
Kemija u industriji,
03/2020, Letnik:
69, Številka:
3-4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Komina masline kao ostatna materija u prehrambenoj industriji ne ubraja se u opasni otpad ili otpad općenito. To je potencijalni problem zbog njezinih određenih komponenata koje negativno utječu na ...ekosustav, a osobito na vodene organizme i biljke. Uslijed neadekvatnog odlaganja, spojevi komine bivaju isprani i procjeđivanjem dospijevaju u tla i podzemne vode gdje uzrokuju onečišćenja. Tema privlači dodatan interes zbog potencijala iskorištavanja komine masline u raznorazne svrhe, te je predmet mnogih znanstvenih istraživanja današnjice.
Olive pomace is a residue substance in the food industry. It is not considered a hazardous waste or even a waste in general. This is potentially problematic because olive pomace contains certain compounds that can have a negative impact on the ecosystem, especially on aquatic organisms and plants. In case of inappropriate disposal, these toxic compounds may be leached into the soil and groundwater. This topic attracts additional interest due to the potential of olive pomace. Nowadays, olive pomace can be used for various purposes, which are a frequent subject of a lot of scientific research.
U ovom radu pripremljene su mješavine na osnovi polietilena niske gustoće (PE-LD) i termoplastičnog škroba (TPS) s ciljem dobivanja biorazgradljivog polimernog materijala za primjenu kao ambalažnog ...materijala. Provedena je karakterizacija toplinskih, mehaničkih svojstava kao i propusnost vodene pare zbog izrazitog hidrofilnog karaktera škroba. Dodatak TPS-a u PE-LD/TPS mješavinama utječe na porast stupnja kristalnosti do udjela od 20 mas. % zbog nukleacijskog učinka TPS-a. Prekidno naprezanje i prekidno istezanje smanjuju se porastom udjela TPS-a u PE-LD/TPS mješavinama, dok modul elastičnosti raste. Temperatura početka razgradnje pomiče se na niže temperature, što ukazuje na smanjenje toplinske stabilnosti PE-LD-a dodatkom TPS-a. Glicerol kao plastifikator škroba utječe na povećanje toplinske stabilnosti škroba, no pokazuje negativan učinak na propusnost vodene pare.
Ovo djelo je dano na korištenje pod licencom Creative Commons Imenovanje 4.0 međunarodna .
Utjecaj onečišćenja zraka na razvoj astme Ocelić Bulatović, Vesna; Štajduhar, Lucija; Majdandžić, Stefania ...
Kemija u industriji,
01/2020, Letnik:
69, Številka:
1-2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Onečišćenje zraka globalni je problem te se smatra jednim od najčešćih nealergijskih uzročnika astme. Utjecaj onečišćenja zraka na pojavu astme, posebno kod djece, tema je mnogih znanstvenih ...istraživanja naročito na istoku svijeta s obzirom na problem onečišćenja s kojim se suočava. Ovisno o prostoru djelovanja onečišćenog zraka kojemu je čovjek izložen postoje različite onečišćujuće tvari. Tako onečišćenje zraka u vanjskom prostoru karakterizira izrazita prisutnost ozona, O3, lebdećih čestica, PM2,5 i PM10 te sumporova dioksida, SO2, dok zatvoreni prostori obiluju prisutnošću formaldehida, CH2O, dušikova dioksida, NO2 i hlapljivih organskih spojeva, VOC. Uz kontrolirano liječenje, velika pažnja se usmjerava i na klimatsko liječenje astme.
Air pollution is a global problem and is considered one of the most common non-allergen triggers of asthma. The impact of air pollution on the appearance of asthma, especially in children, is the subject of many scientific researches, especially in the eastern world due to the problem of pollution it is facing. There are different pollutants depending on the area of activity in which a person is exposed. Thus, contamination of outdoor air is characterized by the marked presence of ozone, O3, fine particles, PM2.5 to PM10 and sulphur dioxide, SO2, while indoor air with the presence of formaldehyde, CH2O, nitrogen dioxide, NO2, and volatile organic compounds, VOCs. With controlled treatment, great attention is focused on climatic treatment of asthma.
Duhanski dim prvi je sprječiv uzrok smrti, a pušenje je danas sve manje prihvatljivo u mnogim društvenim segmentima. Radi vlastitog opstanka na tržištu duhanska industrija posljednjih desetak godina ...razvija alternativne proizvode – ENDS (engl.
electrical nicotine delivery system
) i HNBT (engl.
heat-not-burn
), kako bi ponudila manje štetnu opciju potrošačima. Proizvođači e-cigareta pozivaju se na deklaraciju GRAS, koja se odnosi isključivo na konzumiranje ingestijom, dok je već i udisanje samog aerosola, koji nastaje kod oba navedena proizvoda, štetno. E-cigarete stvaraju aerosol zagrijavanjem e-tekućine, dok se HNBT uređaji temelje na zagrijavanju komprimiranog lišća duhana, čime nastaju štetni spojevi iako u znatno manjim koncentracijama nego kod konvencionalnih cigareta.
Tobacco smoke is the leading preventable cause of death worldwide, and smoking has become a less desirable habit in many social segments. Therefore, during the last decade, the tobacco industry has developed some alternatives – ENDS and HNBT products, in order to offer a less harmful option for consumers. E-cigarette manufacturers are referred to the GRAS declaration which refers exclusively to ingestion, while the inhalation of the aerosol itself, which occurs in both of these products, is harmful. E-cigarettes create an aerosol by heating e-liquid, and HNBT devices are based on heating the coated tobacco leaves thus producing harmful compounds although at considerably lower concentrations than conventional cigarettes.
Bioremedijacija farmaceutske otpadne vode Vuković Domanovac, Marija; Šabić Runjavec, Monika; Janton, Nikolina ...
Kemija u industriji; časopis kemičara i tehnologa Jugoslavije,
10/2019, Letnik:
68, Številka:
9-10
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Onečišćenje okoliša jedan je od glavnih izazova današnje civilizacije. Porast broja svjetskog stanovništva i urbanizacija, posebice u zemljama u razvoju, dovodi do nastajanja većih količina otpadnih ...voda. U današnje vrijeme, emisije industrijskih otpadnih voda predstavljaju sve veći problem uz moguće negativne učinke na zdravlje ljudi i okoliš. Farmaceutske otpadne vode mogu biti visoko opterećene organskim i anorganskim tvarima te toksične za ekosustav. Prije nego li se otpadna voda ispusti u okoliš, potrebno ju je obraditi kako bi se zadovoljili zakonom propisani uvjeti. Biološka obrada široko je zastupljena jer je učinkovita, ekonomična i okolišno prihvatljiva. Bioremedijacijom iskorištava se mikrobni metabolizam u optimalnim okolišnim uvjetima za uklanjanje onečišćujućih tvari te se dodatno može poboljšati bioaugmentacijom.
Environmental pollution is one of the major challenges of today’s civilization. The increase in world population and urbanization, especially in developing countries, leads to the production of greater amounts of wastewater. Nowadays, industrial wastewater emissions are an increasing problem and may have adverse effects on human health and the environment. Pharmaceutical wastewater can be highly loaded with organic and inorganic substances as well as toxic for the ecosystem. Before the wastewater is discharged into the environment, it must be treated to meet the legal requirements. Biological treatment is widely applied as an effective, economical and environmentally friendly solution. Bioremediation uses microbial metabolism in optimal environmental conditions for the removal of pollutants and can be further enhanced by bioaugmentation.
Mikroplastika u morskom okolišu Jadrana Kučić Grgić, Dajana; Ocelić Bulatović, Vesna; Miloloža, Martina ...
Kemija u industriji; časopis kemičara i tehnologa Jugoslavije,
05/2020, Letnik:
69, Številka:
5-6
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
Plastika se zbog svoje široke uporabe može naći u svim dijelovima okoliša, gdje štetno utječe na različite sastavnice okoliša, a toksični spojevi koje adsorbira prenose se kroz hranidbene lance te s ...vremenom dolaze do čovjeka. Odabrana istraživanja u ovom radu usredotočena su na karakterizaciju i kvantifikaciju mikroplastike pronađene u Jadranskom moru kao i na toksičnost mikroplastike. Istraživanja su pokazala da je najviše mikroplastike detektirano u području Sjevernog Jadrana. Provedena ispitivanja ekotoksičnosti mikroplastike primjenom testa s algama ukazuju na to da mikroplastika uzrokuje smanjenje brzine rasta i kretanja algi, obavljanje fotosinteze, fizičke deformacije te dolazi do smanjenja plodnosti i promjena u metaboličkim ciklusima.
The widespread use of plastics has led to the accumulation of plastics in all parts of the environment where it adversely affects the ecosystem. Plastic pollution has the biggest impact on the marine ecosystems which assimilate about 12.7 million tons of plastic yearly. Because of incomplete degradation, plastic in marine environment is accumulated in the form of large clusters and microplastic. Microplastic has a harmful impact on marine organisms due to the accumulation of toxic compounds adsorbed on its particles, which could be passed through the food chain and eventually to humans. Certain researches discussed in this paper are focused on the characterization and quantification of microplastic found in the Adriatic Sea.
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