Creme hidratante é uma emulsão composta por gotas de óleo dispersas em um meio aquoso. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em avaliar a estabilidade cinética, reologia e tamanho de gotas de ...emulsões preparadas em três velocidades de rotação (4000, 10000 e 16000 rpm) em um homogeneizador do tipo rotor-estator. Os hidratantes apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico, pseudoplástico (com índice de comportamento entre 0,53 e 0,60), viscosidade elevada (entre 181 e 233 mPa.s a 100 s-1) e diâmetro médio de gotas (d32) entre 4,79 e 15,98 µm. Emulsões preparadas em menores velocidades de homogeneização apresentaram menor viscosidade e maiores tamanhos de gota, ou seja, o aumento da energia adicionada no processo de homogeneização produziu emulsões com menor tamanho de gotas e maior viscosidade. A elevada viscosidade das emulsões reduz o movimento das gotas e controla os fenômenos de desestabilização, como coalescência, produzindo emulsões estáveis, sem separação de fases.
Creme hidratante é uma emulsão composta por gotas de óleo dispersas em um meio aquoso. O objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em avaliar a estabilidade cinética, reologia e tamanho de gotas de ...emulsões preparadas em três velocidades de rotação (4000, 10000 e 16000 rpm) em um homogeneizador do tipo rotor-estator. Os hidratantes apresentaram comportamento tixotrópico, pseudoplástico (com índice de comportamento entre 0,53 e 0,60), viscosidade elevada (entre 181 e 233 mPa.s a 100 s-1) e diâmetro médio de gotas (d32) entre 4,79 e 15,98 µm. Emulsões preparadas em menores velocidades de homogeneização apresentaram menor viscosidade e maiores tamanhos de gota, ou seja, o aumento da energia adicionada no processo de homogeneização produziu emulsões com menor tamanho de gotas e maior viscosidade. A elevada viscosidade das emulsões reduz o movimento das gotas e controla os fenômenos de desestabilização, como coalescência, produzindo emulsões estáveis, sem separação de fases.
The ATLAS Detector Control System Lantzsch, K; Arfaoui, S; Franz, S ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
01/2012, Letnik:
396, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
The ATLAS experiment is one of the multi-purpose experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, constructed to study elementary particle interactions in collisions of high-energy proton ...beams. Twelve different sub detectors as well as the common experimental infrastructure are controlled and monitored by the Detector Control System (DCS) using a highly distributed system of 140 server machines running the industrial SCADA product PVSS. Higher level control system layers allow for automatic control procedures, efficient error recognition and handling, manage the communication with external systems such as the LHC controls, and provide a synchronization mechanism with the ATLAS data acquisition system. Different databases are used to store the online parameters of the experiment, replicate a subset used for physics reconstruction, and store the configuration parameters of the systems. This contribution describes the computing architecture and software tools to handle this complex and highly interconnected control system.
Cigarette smoking during the prenatal period has been investigated as a causative factor of obstetric abnormalities, which lead to cognitive and behavioural changes associated with schizophrenia. The ...aim of this study was to investigate behaviour and AChE activity in brain structures in adult rats exposed to cigarette smoke during the prenatal period. Pregnant rats were divided into non-PCSE (non-prenatal cigarette smoke exposure) and PCSE (prenatal cigarette smoke exposure) groups. On post-natal day 60, the rats received saline or ketamine for 7days and were subjected to behavioural tasks. In the locomotor activity task, the non-PCSE+ketamine and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited increased locomotor activity compared with the saline group. In the social interaction task, the non-PCSE+ketamine and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited an increased latency compared with the control groups. However, the PCSE+ketamine group exhibited a decreased latency compared with the non-PCSE+ketamine group, which indicates that the cigarette exposure appeared to decrease, the social deficits generated by ketamine. In the inhibitory avoidance task, the non-PCSE+ketamine, PCSE, and PCSE+ketamine groups exhibited impairments in working memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. In the pre-pulse inhibition (PPI) test, cigarette smoke associated with ketamine resulted in impaired PPI in 3 pre-pulse (PP) intensity groups compared with the control groups. In the biochemical analysis, the AChE activity in brain structures increased in the ketamine groups; however, the PCSE+ketamine group exhibited an exacerbated effect in all brain structures. The present study indicates that exposure to cigarette smoke during the prenatal period may affect behaviour and cerebral cholinergic structures during adulthood.
•Cigarette smoke exposure in pregnant dams caused damage in offspring in adult age.•Administration of ketamine and ketamine plus cigarette increased the locomotor activity.•Administration of ketamine reproduced the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.•Ketamine increased AchE activity in the brain structures.•Cigarette smoke exposure increases the damage caused by ketamine administration alone.
Abstract Recent studies have shown benefits for the supplementation of folic acid in schizophrenic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of folic acid addition on adult rats, ...over a period of 7 or 14 days. It also sets out to verify any potential protective action using an animal model of schizophrenia induced by ketamine, in behavioral and biochemical parameters. This study used two protocols (acute and chronic) for the administration of ketamine at a dose of 25 mg/kg (i.p.). The folic acid was given by oral route in doses of 5, 10 and 50 mg/kg, once daily, for 7 and/or 14 days in order to compare the protective effects of folic acid. Thirty minutes after the last administration of ketamine, the locomotor and social interaction activities were evaluated, and immediately the brain structure were removed for biochemical analysis. In this study, ketamine was administered in a single dose or in doses over the course of 7 days increasing the animal's locomotion. This study showed that the administration of folic acid over 7 days was unable to prevent hyper locomotion. In contrast, folic acid (10 and 50 mg/kg) administrated over a period of 14 days, was able to partially prevent the hyper locomotion. Our data indicates that both acute and chronic administrations of ketamine increased the time to first contact between the animals, while the increased latency for social contact was completely prevented by folic acid (5, 10 and 50 mg/kg). Chronic and acute administrations of ketamine also increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation in brain. Folic acid (10 and 50 mg/kg) supplements showed protective effects on the oxidative damage found in the different brain structures evaluated. All together, the results indicate that nutritional supplementation with folic acid provides promising results in an animal model of schizophrenia induced by ketamine.
The ATLAS detector is under intense installation and commissioning. The Liquid Argon calorimeters are involved in such effort. It is being exercised with calibration pulses and cosmic signals. This ...paper reports on the results obtained.
For the hadronic calorimeter of ATLAS, TileCal, neural processing is used to establish an efficient methodology for the online particle identification in beam tests of calorimeter prototypes. ...Although beam purity is usually very good for a selected particle type, background from wrong-type particles cannot be avoided and is routinely identified in the offline analysis. The proposed neural system is trained online to identify electrons, pions, and muons at different energy levels and it achieves more than 90% efficiency in terms of particle identification. The neural system is being implemented by integrating it to the readout drive (ROD) of the TileCal.
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