The Rho kinase (ROCK) isoforms, ROCK1 and ROCK2, were initially discovered as downstream targets of the small GTP-binding protein Rho. Because ROCKs mediate various important cellular functions such ...as cell shape, motility, secretion, proliferation, and gene expression, it is likely that this pathway will intersect with other signaling pathways known to contribute to cardiovascular disease. Indeed, ROCKs have already been implicated in the regulation of vascular tone, proliferation, inflammation, and oxidative stress. However, it is not entirely clear how ROCKs are regulated, what some of their downstream targets are, and whether ROCK1 and ROCK2 mediate different cellular functions. Clinically, inhibition of ROCK pathway is believed to contribute to some of the cardiovascular benefits of statin therapy that are independent of lipid lowering (ie, pleiotropic effects). To what extent ROCK activity is inhibited in patients on statin therapy is not known, but it may have important clinical implications. Indeed, several pharmaceutical companies are already actively engaged in the development of ROCK inhibitors as the next generation of therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease because evidence from animal studies suggests the potential involvement of ROCK in hypertension and atherosclerosis.
An abstract of a study by Sutherlin et al examining subjective disability changes following interventions using variations of the Oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire among athletes with ...low back pain (LBP) is presented. Three studies with four interventions were included for analysis with a mean Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) score of 6/10. Surgical treatment had the largest decrease in LBP disability (mean differences MD=-28.80, d = -2.62, 95% confidence interval CI (-3.03, -2.21)). Stabilization exercises of local and global spinal musculature (MD = -3.43, d = -0.63, 95% CI (-1.01, -0.26)) also showed a decrease in LBP disability. Conventional physical therapy (MD = -5.65, d = -0.50, 95% CI (-0.80, -0.20)) and physiotherapy (MD = -1.18, d = -0.22, 95% CI (-0.58, 0.15)) were inconsistent based on 95% CIs.
Non-linear analyzes such as Approximated Entropy (ApEn) and Sample Entropy (SampEn) could show the adaptability of the autonomic nervous system in relation to the dynamic changes caused by exercise. ...The aims of the study were: a) Investigate the effects of different Self-Selected based Interval Exercises (SSIE) configurations on Heart Rate (HR) entropy; b) Determine whether the stimuli time promote different entropy responses; c) Observe whether exercises with passive self-selected recovery time (SSRT) promote different HR entropy responses compared to those with imposed time and active recovery; and d) Determine whether post-training entropy responses quickly return to baseline. Fifteen older women were randomized to perform six sessions of SSIE and one session of Self-Selected Continuous Exercise (SSCE), with approximately 24 min duration each. The results showed increases on ApEn during the exercises compared to the moments of rest Pre (p < 0.001), Post 6 min (p = 0.003) and Post 12 min (p < 0.001). Results demonstrated that interval exercises (IE) with SSRT, present lower values of ApEn and SampEn regarding the continuous activity (p < 0.05). It was also observed that the entropy values after training returned quickly to levels close to those of pre-exercise rest with a tendency to decrease more pronounced for the continuous. The SSIE were able to promote greater complexity in the HR entropy of older women, allowing greater stabilization of the cardiovascular system, including after training.
The copyright critical reading list Dames, K. Matthew
Information today,
12/2013, Letnik:
30, Številka:
11
Journal Article, Magazine Article
After being cloistered for most of its 300 years, copyright has been subject recently to inspection, scrutiny, and suspicion. In many ways, the current examination of copyright is healthy and ...welcome. You also have failed to understand how copyright embodies through law the most basic American notions of property and capitalism. While the egalitarian nature of today's copyright dialogue brings more and diverse voices into the debate, too much of today's discourse suffers from a large number of participants whose chief contributions are heat rather than light. The author hopes that by introducing resources to those interested in copyright, regardless of legal training, the level of discourse during this critical time in its development can improve.
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6.
Copyright norms clash with MOOCs Dames, K. Matthew
Information today,
10/2013, Letnik:
30, Številka:
9
Journal Article, Magazine Article
The world is atwitter over the newest initiative in online education: MOOCs (massive open online courses). Since The Chronicle of Higher Education first explored the MOOC phenomenon in August 2010, ...MOOCs have evolved from a small but growing push toward 'open teaching'" into what New York Times columnist Thomas L. Friedman has called a "revolution" in higher education. However, MOOCs are not a panacea for all of higher education's ills. Most schools simply do not have the computing infrastructure and network capacity necessary to successfully host and operate a MOOC. Finally, there are all kinds of legal and policy problems embedded in offering MOOCs, most notably those relating to copyright ownership. The lasting legacy of the MOOC phenomenon will be that it will significantly change historic copyright ownership norms in higher education.
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7.
Copyright advisor as library CEO Dames, K. Matthew
Information today,
06/2013, Letnik:
30, Številka:
6
Journal Article, Magazine Article
In March 2013, Syracuse University provost Eric Spina appointed the author to succeed his boss, Suzanne Thorin, as dean of the libraries and university librarian. Although the nomination is an ...interim appointment, the interim status won't diminish the workload or the responsibility. It is a tremendous opportunity, and he's thankful to the provost for the appointment and to the dean for supporting the appointment and preparing him for its challenges. Thorin hired him to be Syracuse's first copyright and information policy advisor in 2008. The copyright advisor position can be a great training ground for the next wave of library leaders. It is a fortunate coincidence that the number of copyright advisors working in major research libraries is increasing at the same time the number of libraries seeking executive leadership is also increasing.
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In early February as a snowstorm blanketed much of the northeastern US, a capacity audience exceeding 100 people convened at Columbia Law School's Kernochan Center to attend a special symposium on ...Copyright Exceptions for Libraries in the Digital Age: Section 108 Reform. Co-sponsored by the US Copyright Office, the symposium presented four sessions across a full day to examine two overarching questions: First, to what extent, if any, should Section 108 -- the statutory limitation Congress made effective in 1978 for libraries and archives -- be amended, and second, does Section 108 affect library mass digitization initiatives? Section 108 is a creature born of the Copyright Act of 1976, the current and operative copyright statute in the US. The intersection of copyright with libraries has a lengthy history prior to January 1978, when the act became effective.
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9.
Copyright's civil rights movement Dames, K. Matthew
Information today,
02/2013, Letnik:
30, Številka:
2
Journal Article, Magazine Article
When people tell the story of America's civil rights movement, you're likely to hear more than a few names. Nearly always, Martin Luther King Jr is the first name you'll hear. Rosa Parks is another; ...James Meredith's name will likely come up as will Emmett Till's. And typically, people will mention Thurgood Marshall, citing his efforts through jurisprudence to win the equality that American society historically denied people of African descent. But it is rare that the standard civil rights narrative will mention the name of Charles Hamilton Houston. A native of Washington, DC, and an alumnus of Amherst College and Harvard Law School, Houston was the chief architect of the strategy to end state-sanctioned segregation in the US. Houston's method was to file lawsuits that questioned whether such segregation was constitutional. As a beneficiary and student of the civil rights movement, the author has some idea of what that level of social movement requires, but he is not holding his breath.
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10.
The copyright game is over Dames, K. Matthew
Information today,
12/2012, Letnik:
29, Številka:
11
Journal Article, Magazine Article
Another legal battle, another "win." In early October, a federal trial court judge ruled favorably for higher education in The Authors Guild's copyright infringement case against HathiTrust and ...affiliated universities. Still, HathiTrust constitutes a win for libraries and higher education. But a win is not a victory, especially because the copyright game is over. There remains work to do to keep copyright law and policy from becoming a complete farce, and learning copyright is critical to understanding the moves the big players are making elsewhere. But for the most part, the notion of substantively changing copyright law (especially through the legislative or judicial branches) is folly and a waste of resources.
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