An unstable influenza genome leads to the virus resistance to antiviral drugs that target viral proteins. Thus, identification of host factors essential for virus replication may pave the way to ...develop novel antiviral therapies. In this study, we investigated the roles of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme, tankyrase 1 (TNKS1), and the endogenous small noncoding RNA, miR-9-1, in influenza A virus (IAV) infection. Increased expression of TNKS1 was observed in IAV-infected human lung epithelial cells and mouse lungs. TNKS1 knockdown by RNA interference repressed influenza viral replication. A screen using TNKS1 3′-untranslation region (3′-UTR) reporter assays and predicted microRNAs identified that miR-9-1 targeted TNKS1. Overexpression of miR-9-1 reduced influenza viral replication in lung epithelial cells as measured by viral mRNA and protein levels as well as virus production. miR-9-1 induced type I interferon production and enhanced the phosphorylation of STAT1 in cell culture. The ectopic expression of miR-9-1 in the lungs of mice by using an adenoviral viral vector enhanced type I interferon response, inhibited viral replication, and reduced susceptibility to IAV infection. Our results indicate that miR-9-1 is an anti-influenza microRNA that targets TNKS1 and enhances cellular antiviral state.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, and usually lethal lung disease and it has been widely accepted that fibroblast proliferation is one of the key characteristics of IPF. ...Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the pathogenesis of many diseases. In this study, we investigated the role of lncRNA FENDRR on fibroblast proliferation. Human lung fibroblasts stably overexpressing FENDRR showed a reduced cell proliferation compared to those expressing the control vector. On the other hand, FENDRR silencing increased fibroblast proliferation. FENDRR bound serine-arginine rich splicing factor 9 (SRSF9) and inhibited the phosphorylation of p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (PS6K), a downstream protein of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Silencing SRSF9 reduced fibroblast proliferation. FENDRR reduced β-catenin protein, but not mRNA levels. The reduction of β-catenin protein levels in lung fibroblasts by gene silencing or chemical inhibitor decreased fibroblast proliferation. Adenovirus-mediated FENDRR transfer to the lungs of mice reduced asbestos-induced fibrotic lesions and collagen deposition. RNA sequencing of lung tissues identified 7 cell proliferation-related genes that were up-regulated by asbestos but reversed by FENDRR. In conclusion, FENDRR inhibits fibroblast proliferation and functions as an anti-fibrotic lncRNA.
Disease resistance (R) gene, RPP13, plays an important role in the resistance of plants to pathogen infections; its function in resistance of wheat to powdery mildew remains unknown. In this study, a ...RNA‐Seq technique was used to monitor expression of genes in susceptible wheat ‘Jing411’ and resistant near‐isogenic line ‘BJ‐1’ in response to powdery mildew infection. Overall, 413 differential expression genes were observed and identified as involved in disease resistance. RPP13 homologous gene on wheat chromosome 7D was preliminarily identified using the wheat 660K SNP chip. RPP13 was highly expressed in ‘BJ‐1’ and encodes 1,027 amino acids, including CC, NB and LRR domain, termed TaRPP13‐3. After inoculation with powdery mildew, expression of TaRPP13‐3 in resistant wheat changed with time, but average expression was higher when compared to susceptible variety, thus indicating that TaRPP13‐3 is involved in resistance to powdery mildew. Virus‐induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to inhibit expression of TaRPP13‐3 in resistant parent ‘Brock’. Results indicated that silencing of TaRPP13‐3 led to decreased disease resistance in ‘Brock’. Overall results of this study indicate that TaRPP13‐3 gene is involved in the defence response of wheat to powdery mildew and plays a positive role in wheat powdery mildew interactions.
Dielectric metasurfaces have shown prominent applications in nonlinear optics due to strong field enhancement and low dissipation losses at the nanoscale. Chalcogenide glasses are one of the ...promising materials for the observation of nonlinear effects thanks to their high intrinsic nonlinearities. Here, we demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, that significant second harmonic generation (SHG) can be obtained within amorphous Selenium (Se)-based chalcogenide metasurfaces by exploiting the coupling between lattice and particle resonances. We further show that the high-quality factor resonance at the origin of the SHG can be tuned over a wide wavelength range using a simple and versatile fabrication approach. The measured second harmonic intensity is orders of magnitude higher than that from a dewetted Se film consisting of random Se nanoparticles. The achieved conversion efficiency in the resonance region is of the order of 10
which is comparable with direct bandgap materials and at least two orders of magnitude higher than that of conventional plasmonics- and Si-based structures. Fabricated via a simple and scalable technique, these all-dielectric architectures are ideal candidates for the design of flat nonlinear optical components on flexible substrates.
The thermal drawing of a uniform capillary‐like fiber that integrates an encapsulated microchannel and an embedded capacitor system within a polymeric cladding is demonstrated. Such a fiber construct ...has versatile functionalities applicable to microfluidic sensing including the detection of the presence and travel distance of a fluid, real‐time flowrate sensing, and high‐accuracy identification of the static dielectric constant, which reveals information on the nature of the fluid inside the channel. As a capacitive device, the fiber exhibits a broad operative frequency range from 100 Hz to 2 MHz, and is capable of sensing microflows with a wide flowrate range from 50 nL min−1 to 10 mL min−1. Beyond such performance, the novel fabrication approach proposed, based on fiber processing, is highly scalable and can potentially yield tens‐of‐kilometers of such fibers in a single draw, equating millions of short (few centimeters) working capillaries. It offers significant opportunities for reliable monitoring and manipulation of complex microfluidics, especially in cases requiring flexible and disposable sensors, at a scalability and cost traditionally associated with fiber processing technologies.
Uniform capillary‐like multimaterial fibers that integrate an encapsulated microchannel and an embedded capacitive sensor system are fabricated using the scalable thermal drawing technique. The fiber constructs show versatile functionalities for microfluidic sensing, including the detection of the presence and travel distance of a fluid, real‐time flowrate sensing, and high‐accuracy identification of the static dielectric constant of the fluid.
The objective of this paper was to investigate a petroleum-contaminated groundwater site in northeast China. Based on the monitoring and analysis of environmental characteristics of groundwater ...slightly contaminated with petroleum, microbes were added into the petroleum-contaminated groundwater via single-well and multiple-well models to enhance bioremediation. The effect of enhanced bioremediation was monitored and analyzed, and variations in the environmental characteristics of groundwater containing total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were identified to provide a scientific basis for controlling and remediating petroleum-contaminated groundwater. Findings confirmed that this site was slightly contaminated and TPH levels exhibited a slight decreasing trend. After enhanced remediation, the microbial degradation effect was large, and the TPH concentration significantly reduced. In particular, near the wells treated by bioremediation, the amounts of electron acceptors, such as NO
3
−
, Fe
3+
, and SO
4
2−
, markedly decreased. The product of the microbial degradation process, HCO
3
−
, gradually increased in the treated wells. Activities of the enzyme catechol 1, 2-dioxygenase decreased, while those of catalase increased. Reductions in pH, from 7.4 to 6.1, were recorded, and the groundwater environment became further deoxidized.
In this letter, a watt-level C-band monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) rectifier with lateral gallium nitride (GaN) Schottky barrier diode (SBD) is demonstrated for the first time. The ...proposed MMIC is fabricated on SiC-based AlGaN/GaN heterojunction material with a circuit dimension of only <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">2.5\times2.1 </tex-math></inline-formula> mm. Benefited from the high-performance GaN device and the well-designed circuit, high conversion efficiency of 51.4% is achieved at an input power of 30.3 dBm, a frequency of 5.5 GHz, and a load resistance of 120 <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">\Omega </tex-math></inline-formula>, significantly outperforming previously reported MMIC rectifier and showing its great potential for high-power and high-efficiency microwave power transmission (MPT).
The Loess Plateau of China has the highest soil erosion rate in the world where billion tons of soil is annually washed into Yellow River. In recent decades this region has experienced significant ...climate change and policy-driven land conversion. However, it has not yet been well investigated how these changes in climate and land use have affected soil organic carbon (SOC) storage on the Loess Plateau. By using the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model (DLEM), we quantified the effects of climate and land use on SOC storage on the Loess Plateau in the context of multiple environmental factors during the period of 1961-2005. Our results show that SOC storage increased by 0.27 Pg C on the Loess Plateau as a result of multiple environmental factors during the study period. About 55% (0.14 Pg C) of the SOC increase was caused by land conversion from cropland to grassland/forest owing to the government efforts to reduce soil erosion and improve the ecological conditions in the region. Historical climate change reduced SOC by 0.05 Pg C (approximately 19% of the total change) primarily due to a significant climate warming and a slight reduction in precipitation. Our results imply that the implementation of "Grain for Green" policy may effectively enhance regional soil carbon storage and hence starve off further soil erosion on the Loess Plateau.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Human Aurora/Ipl1-related kinase 2 (Aurora-B) is a key regulator of mitosis. Here human proteasome alpha-subunit C8 (HC8) was identified to interact with the Aurora-B by yeast two-hybrid screen. This ...finding was confirmed by GST pull-down assays and immunoprecipitation experiments. The Aurora-B protein level increased in HeLa cells cultured with proteasome inhibitor ALLN. Our data suggest that Aurora-B might undergo degradation by binding to HC8 in a proteasome-dependent manner during mitosis.
Dielectric metasurfaces have shown prominent applications in nonlinear optics due to strong field enhancement and low dissipation losses at the nanoscale. Chalcogenide glasses are one of the ...promising materials for the observation of nonlinear effects due to their high intrinsic nonlinearities. Here, we demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, that significant second harmonic generation can be obtained within amorphous chalcogenide based metasurfaces by relying on the coupling between lattice and particle resonances. We further show that the high quality factor resonance at the origin of the second harmonic generation can be tuned over a wide wavelength range using a simple and versatile fabrication approach. The measured second harmonic intensity is orders of magnitude higher than that from a deposited chalcogenide film, and more than three orders of magnitude higher than conventional plasmonic and Silicon-based structures. Fabricated via a simple and scalable technique, these all-dielectric architectures are ideal candidates for the design of flat non-linear optical components on flexible substrates.
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