Reply Weaver, John F; Knaff, John A; Bikos, Dan ...
Weather and forecasting,
10/2002, Letnik:
17, Številka:
5
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Weaver et al respond to comments regarding their utilization of a severe-thunderstorm case from Jul 24, 2000 to demonstrate the utility of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) ...rapid-scan imagery and sounder data in the short-range forecast/nowcast processes.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
13.
From eDNA to citizen science Larson, Eric R; Graham, Brittney M; Achury, Rafael ...
Frontiers in ecology and the environment,
20/May , Letnik:
18, Številka:
4
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Biological invasions are a form of global change threatening biodiversity, ecosystem stability, and human health, and cost government agencies billions of dollars in remediation and eradication ...programs. Attempts to eradicate introduced species are most successful when detection of newly established populations occurs early in the invasion process. We review existing and emerging tools – specifically environmental DNA (eDNA), chemical approaches, remote sensing, citizen science, and agency-based monitoring – for surveillance and monitoring of invasive species. For each tool, we consider the benefits provided, examine challenges and limitations, discuss data sharing and integration, and suggest best practice implementations for the early detection of invasive species. Programs that promote public participation in large-scale biodiversity identification and monitoring (such as iNaturalist and eBird) may be the best resources for early detection. However, data from these platforms must be monitored and used by agencies that can mount appropriate response efforts. Control efforts are more likely to succeed when they are focused on early detection and prevention, thereby saving considerable time and resources.
The keynote address by Dr. T. Adang of Aerospace Corporation on behalf of Gregory Withee, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and ...Information Service (NESDIS) Administrator discussed the international Group on Earth Observations (GEO), which is developing a 10-year implementation plan for a comprehensive, coordinated, and sustained Earth observation system with minimal data gaps, engaging developing countries in this effort, and exchanging observations recorded from in situ, aircraft, and satellite networks with minimum time delay and cost (see information online at http://earthobservations.org). Early successes include major advances in the development of a Community Radiative Transfer Model (CRTM), EOS Aqua AIRS data thinning and distribution to numerical weather prediction (NWP) centers, impact studies of polar winds derived from MODIS, and advancements in assimilation of precipitation and cloud data derived from microwave instruments e.g., Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI).
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
16.
Severe weather warnings with satellite data Weaver, John F; Knaff, John A; Bikos, Dan ...
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
02/2002, Letnik:
83, Številka:
2
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Rapid technological advances are helping satellite meteorology make great strides in improving data. During a brief period in the summer of 2000, the new NOAA satellite, GOES-11, operated in a ...near-constant, high-resolution mode and showed that high-resolution data can be employed quickly and effectively for developing short-range forecasts and warnings.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
ObjectivesChiropractic spinal manipulative therapy (CSMT) and lumbar discectomy are both used for lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and lumbosacral radiculopathy (LSR); however, limited research has ...examined the relationship between these therapies. We hypothesised that adults receiving CSMT for newly diagnosed LDH or LSR would have reduced odds of lumbar discectomy over 1-year and 2-year follow-up compared with those receiving other care.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Setting101 million patient US health records network (TriNetX), queried on 24 October 2022, yielding data from 2012 query.ParticipantsAdults age 18–49 with newly diagnosed LDH/LSR (first date of diagnosis) were included. Exclusions were prior lumbar surgery, absolute indications for surgery, trauma, spondylolisthesis and scoliosis. Propensity score matching controlled for variables associated with the likelihood of discectomy (eg, demographics, medications).InterventionsPatients were divided into cohorts according to receipt of CSMT.Primary and secondary outcome measuresORs for lumbar discectomy; calculated by dividing odds in the CSMT cohort by odds in the cohort receiving other care.ResultsAfter matching, there were 5785 patients per cohort (mean age 36.9±8.2). The ORs (95% CI) for discectomy were significantly reduced in the CSMT cohort compared with the cohort receiving other care over 1-year (0.69 (0.52 to 0.90), p=0.006) and 2-year follow-up (0.77 (0.60 to 0.99), p=0.040). E-value sensitivity analysis estimated the strength in terms of risk ratio an unmeasured confounding variable would need to account for study results, yielding point estimates for each follow-up (1 year: 2.26; 2 years: 1.92), which no variables in the literature reached.ConclusionsOur findings suggest receiving CSMT compared with other care for newly diagnosed LDH/LSR is associated with significantly reduced odds of discectomy over 2-year follow-up. Given socioeconomic variables were unavailable and an observational design precludes inferring causality, the efficacy of CSMT for LDH/LSR should be examined via randomised controlled trial to eliminate residual confounding.
An Assessment ofGOES-8Imager Data Quality Ellrod, Gary P.; Achutuni, Rao V.; Daniels, Jaime M. ...
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,
11/1998, Letnik:
79, Številka:
11
Journal Article
Recenzirano
TheGeostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8(GOES-8), the first in the GOES I–M series of advanced meteorological satellites was launched in April 1994 and became operational at 75°W ...longitude the following year.GOES-8features numerous improvements over prior GOES platforms such as 1) improved resolution in the infrared (IR) and water vapor bands, 2) reduced instrument noise, 3) 10-bit visible and IR digitization, 4) greater image frequency, 5) more spectral bands, and 6) an independent sounder. A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the imager data fromGOES-8andGOES-7shows that imagery from the newer spacecraft is superior in most respects. Improvements in resolution and instrument noise onGOES-8provide sharper, cleaner images that allow easier detection of significant meteorological or oceanographic features. Infrared temperature comparisons betweenGOES-8andGOES-7were within 0.5°–2.0°C for all IR bands, indicating consistency between the two spacecraft. Visible band albedos fromGOES-8were at least 50% greater thanGOES-7for a wide range of scenes, suggesting that output from theGOES-7visible detectors had degraded since its launch in 1987. Products derived fromGOES-8imager data for observing fog at night, fire detection, heavy precipitation estimation, and upper-level winds based on cloud or water vapor motion have been shown to be superior to similar products fromGOES-7. Early difficulties with image registration and IR striping were alleviated after the first year. Based on the performance ofGOES-8, future spacecraft in the GOES I–M series can be expected to provide many years of useful service to meteorologists, oceanographers, and the environmental monitoring community.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
MAPK pathway activation has been recurrently observed in desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma/astrocytoma (DIG/DIA) with reported disproportionally low mutation allele frequencies relative ...to the apparent high tumor content, suggesting that MAPK pathway alterations may be subclonal. We sought to expand the number of molecularly profiled cases and investigate if tumor cell composition could account for the observed low mutation allele frequencies. Molecular (targeted neuro-oncology next-generation sequencing/RNA sequencing and OncoScan microarray) and immunohistochemical (CD68-PGM1/CD163/CD14/CD11c/lysozyme/CD3/CD20/CD34/PD-L1) studies were performed in 7 DIG. Activating MAPK pathway alterations were identified in 4 (57%) cases: 3 had a BRAF mutation (V600E/V600D/V600_W604delinsDQTDG, at 8%–27% variant allele frequency) and 1 showed a TPM3-NRTK1 fusion. Copy number changes were infrequent and nonrecurrent. All tumors had at least 30% of cells morphologically and immunophenotypically consistent with microglial/macrophage lineage. Two subtotally resected tumors regrew; 1 was re-excised and received adjuvant treatment (chemotherapy/targeted therapy), with clinical response to targeted therapy only. Even with residual tumor, all patients are alive (median follow-up, 83 months; 19–139). This study further supports DIG as another MAPK pathway-driven neuroepithelial tumor, thus expanding potential treatment options for tumors not amenable to surgical cure, and suggests that DIG is a microglia/macrophage-rich neuroepithelial tumor with frequent low driver mutation allele frequencies.
Quantal size is a fundamental parameter controlling the strength of synaptic transmission. The transmitter content of synaptic vesicles is one mechanism that can affect the physiological response to ...the release of a single vesicle. At glutamatergic synapses, vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) are responsible for filling synaptic vesicles with glutamate. To investigate how VGLUT expression can regulate synaptic strength in vivo, we have identified the Drosophila vesicular glutamate transporter, which we name DVGLUT. DVGLUT mRNA is expressed in glutamatergic motoneurons and a large number of interneurons in the Drosophila CNS. DVGLUT protein resides on synaptic vesicles and localizes to the presynaptic terminals of all known glutamatergic neuromuscular junctions as well as to synapses throughout the CNS neuropil. Increasing the expression of DVGLUT in motoneurons leads to an increase in quantal size that is accompanied by an increase in synaptic vesicle volume. At synapses confronted with increased glutamate release from each vesicle, there is a compensatory decrease in the number of synaptic vesicles released that maintains normal levels of synaptic excitation. These results demonstrate that (1) expression of DVGLUT determines the size and glutamate content of synaptic vesicles and (2) homeostatic mechanisms exist to attenuate the excitatory effects of excess glutamate release.
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