Anthropogenic noise imposes novel selection pressures, especially on species that communicate acoustically. Many animals-including insects, frogs, whales and birds-produce sounds at higher ...frequencies in areas with low-frequency noise pollution. Although there is support for animals changing their vocalizations in real time in response to noise (i.e. immediate flexibility), other evolutionary mechanisms for animals that learn their vocalizations remain largely unexplored. We hypothesize that cultural selection for signal structures less masked by noise is a mechanism of acoustic adaptation to anthropogenic noise. We test this hypothesis by presenting nestling white-crowned sparrows (
) with less-masked (higher-frequency) and more-masked (lower-frequency) tutor songs either during playback of anthropogenic noise (noise-tutored treatment) or at a different time from noise playback (control treatment). As predicted, we find that noise-tutored males learn less-masked songs significantly more often, whereas control males show no copying preference, providing strong experimental support for cultural selection in response to anthropogenic noise. Further, noise-tutored males reproduce songs at higher frequencies than their tutor, indicating a distinct mechanism to increase signal transmission in a noisy environment. Notably, noise-tutored males achieve lower performance songs than their tutors, suggesting potential costs in a sexual selection framework.
One of the most underdiagnosed medical conditions worldwide is depression. It has been demonstrated that the current classical procedures for early detection of depression are insufficient, which ...emphasizes the importance of seeking a more efficient approach to overcome this challenge. One of the most promising opportunities is arising in the field of Artificial Intelligence as AI-based models could have the capacity to offer a fast, widely accessible, unbiased and efficient method to address this problem. In this paper, we compared three natural language processing models, namely, BERT, GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 on three different datasets. Our findings show that different levels of efficacy are shown by fine-tuned BERT, GPT-3.5, and GPT-4 in identifying depression from textual data. By comparing the models on the metrics such as accuracy, precision, and recall, our results have shown that GPT-4 outperforms both BERT and GPT-3.5 models, even without previous fine-tuning, showcasing its enormous potential to be utilized for automated depression detection on textual data. In the paper, we present newly introduced datasets, fine-tuning and model testing processes, while also addressing limitations and discussing further considerations for future research.
BackgroundIn patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), it is unknown how patient delay modulates the beneficial effects of timely reperfusion.AimsTo assess the prognostic ...significance of a contact-to-balloon time of less than 90 min on in-hospital mortality in different categories of symptom-onset-to-first-medical-contact (S2C) times.MethodsA total of 20 005 consecutive patients from the Feedback Intervention and Treatment Times in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (FITT-STEMI) programme treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were included.ResultsThere were 1554 deaths (7.8%) with a J-shaped relationship between mortality and S2C time. Mortality was 10.0% in patients presenting within 1 hour, and 4.9%, 6.0% and 7.3% in patient groups with longer S2C intervals of 1–2 hours, 2–6 hours and 6–24 hours, respectively. Patients with a short S2C interval of less than 1 hour (S2C<60 min) had the highest survival benefit from timely reperfusion with PCI within 90 min (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.31, p<0.0001) as compared with the three groups with longer S2C intervals of 1 hour<S2C≤2 hours (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.33 to 0.59, p<0.0001), 2 hours<S2C≤6 hours (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.64, p<0.0001) and 6 hours<S2C≤24 hours (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.30 to 0.58, p<0.0001).ConclusionsTimely reperfusion with a contact-to-balloon time of less than 90 min is most effective in patients presenting with short S2C intervals of less than 1 hour, but has also beneficial effects in patients with S2C intervals of up to 24 hours.Trial registration numberNCT00794001.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
6.
The Citizen Danner, Michael
Afterimage,
09/2017, Letnik:
45, Številka:
2-3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
7.
The Citizen Danner, Michael
Afterimage,
09/2017, Letnik:
45, Številka:
2/3
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Over the last year I have been photographing people at political rallies and demonstrations in Berlin. Talking to people I would otherwise not have encountered and whose opinion I don't share was a ...rewarding experience and felt like bridging a gap dividing our communities. Each expression of opinion is a defense of our right to expression, and carries with it the possibility to renew and reform the society in which we live.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
CEKLJ, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The full electrification of transportation will require batteries with both 3-5× higher energy densities and a lower cost than what is available in the market today. Energy densities of >1000 W h kg
...−1
will enable electrification of air transport and are among the very few technologies capable of achieving this energy density. Li
metal
-O
2
or Li
metal
-air are theoretically able to achieve this energy density and are also capable of reducing the cost of batteries by replacing expensive supply chain constrained cathode materials with "free" air. However, the utilization of liquid electrolytes in the Li
metal
-O
2
/Li
metal
-air battery has presented many obstacles to the optimum performance of this battery including oxidation of the liquid electrolyte and the Li
metal
anode. In this paper a path towards the development of a Li
metal
-air battery using a cubic garnet Li
7
La
3
Zr
2
O
12
(LLZ) solid-state ceramic electrolyte in a 3D architecture is described including initial cycling results of a Li
metal
-O
2
battery using a recently developed mixed ionic and electronic (MIEC) LLZ in that 3D architecture. This 3D architecture with porous MIEC structures for the O
2
/air cathode is essentially the same as a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) indicating the importance of leveraging SOFC technology in the development of solid-state Li
metal
-O
2
/air batteries.
Solid-state Li-O
2
battery, 3D architecture and cycling performance.
Electrochromic, “smart” windows allow users to control light and heat flow into and out of buildings or vehicles without sacrificing their view. Despite the appeal of dynamic windows, they have yet ...to achieve extensive commercialization due to their inability to simultaneously achieve fast, color-neutral tinting over a wide optical dynamic range at a low cost. Reversible metal electrodeposition (RME) is a promising alternative that addresses the drawbacks of existing technologies. Here, we study several possible RME electrolytes at various pHs with different supporting anions. We identify that acidic perchlorate electrolytes permit fully reversible metal electrodeposition without harming the substrate or introducing irreversible side reactions, which was not seen among all other electrolytic compositions. This perchlorate electrolyte shows promising long-term durability, demonstrating 10,000 stable cycles with no evidence of electrode etching. In addition, we construct 15 × 15 cm2 dynamic windows that tint uniformly with fast, color-neutral switching (>60% contrast in <3 min).
Display omitted
•Systematic degradation study of aqueous RME electrolytes, varying anion and pH•Aqueous electrolyte does not etch ITO electrode to enable long shelf life•Color-neutral, fast switching with minimal degradation over 10,000 cycles•Uniform metal electrodeposition on 15 × 15 cm2 scale
Dynamic windows offer the ability to tune one’s indoor environment by controlling light and heat flow in and out of buildings, improving employee productivity by up to 2% through reduced glare and optimal temperature control. In addition to the aesthetic advantages, this technology can provide ∼10%–20% energy savings over low-E windows by decreasing HVAC energy consumption in buildings. Despite these advantages, the most common approaches, which rely on electrochromic metal oxides, have yet to simultaneously achieve fast, color-neutral tinting over a wide dynamic range at a low cost. Reversible metal electrodeposition is an exciting alternative approach to dynamic windows as it addresses the color, cost, and dynamic range issues associated with traditional electrochromic technologies. In this work, we address the durability of reversible metal electrodeposition to ensure that this technology can begin to meet the standards required for dynamic windows in fenestrations applications.
Dynamic windows based on reversible metal electrodeposition tackle the color, cost, and dynamic range issues associated with traditional electrochromic approaches. Despite the promising advantages of this technology, the durability must be addressed to ensure they will last 20+ years in fenestration applications. Here, we systematically identify an electrolytic system that demonstrates excellent durability, both shelf life and cycling. This study on degradation mechanisms is applicable for broader fields beyond dynamically tinted windows, including the metal anode and aqueous battery communities.
In clothing e-commerce, the challenge of optimally recommending clothing that suits a user’s unique characteristics remains a pressing issue. Many platforms simply recommend best-selling or popular ...clothing, without taking into account important attributes like user’s face color, pupil color, face shape, age, etc. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a personalized clothing recommendation algorithm that incorporates the established 4-Season Color System and user-specific biological characteristics. Firstly, the attributes and colors of clothing are classified by Fnet network, that can learn disjoint label combinations and mitigate the issue of excessive labels. Secondly, on the basis of the 4-Season Color System, the user’s face color model is trained by combined MobileNetV3_DTL, which ensures the model’s generalization and improves the training speed. Thirdly, user’s face shape and age are divided into different categories by an Inception network. Finally, according to the users’ face color, age, face shape and other information, personalized clothing is recommended in a coarse-to-fine manner. Experiments on five datasets demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper achieves state-of-the-art results.
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