Background: Although many studies have been conducted to compare the effect of adherence to a low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) with a low-fat diet (LFD) on anthropometric indices and body fat percentage, ...there is still no definite conclusion in this regard. Therefore, the present study aims to summarize results of studies comparing a LFD and a LCD on weight loss.
Methods: A systematic search of databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochran Library was performed up to November 2020. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of adherence to a LCD with a LFD on anthropometric indices and body fat percentage were included. Search results were limited to English-language publications. Sixty-three RCTs, including 7660 participants, were selected for the present study.
Results: Pooled analysis indicated that adherence to LCD was significantly associated with a greater reduction in BMI (SMD = - 0.07, 95% CI: -0.14,-0.001; P = 0.04), weight (kg) (SMD = - 0.22, 95% CI: - 0.31, - 0.12; P ≤ 0.001), and percentage of body fat mass (SMD = - 0.28, 95% CI: -0.48, - 0.08; P = 0.006) compared to LFD. However, no significant difference in changes of kilogram of body fat mass and waist circumference was observed between the two diet programs.
Conclusion: Overall, adhering to LCD was more effective than LFD in losing weight and body fat percentage.
This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate three GSMaP products including near-real-time (GSMaP-NRT), microwave-infrared reanalyzed (GSMaP-MVK), and gauge-adjusted (GSMaP-Gauge) data with a spatial ...resolution of 0.1° × 0.1° versus gauge-observed data (observation) at daily and monthly time scales over Iran. Different statistical metrics including correlation coefficient (R), percent bias (PBias), root mean square error (RMSE), probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI) were used to evaluate the capability of the GSMaP products. The results indicated that all three products were generally capable of capturing the spatial pattern of precipitation. However, they all overestimated precipitation in general, and there was a considerable difference between the two satellite-only products GSMaP-MVK and GSMaP-NRT and the gauge-corrected product GSMaP-Gauge. GSMaP-Gauge performed better than the other products at both daily and monthly time scales. The evaluations demonstrated that all the GSMaP products provided better estimations of precipitation over Western than Eastern Iran. The strongest agreement between the products and the observed data was observed for the rainy months, while performance was poor for the dry months. The findings could help GSMaP product developers to better understand the characteristics of the involved errors.
