Within the Inert Doublet Model (IDM) there is a viable dark matter candidate. This simple model can provide a strong enough first order phase transition, which is required in order to account for the ...matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe (BAU). However, another necessary ingredient is missing, as there is no additional source of CP violation in the IDM, besides the standard CKM phase from the Standard Model. Additional CP violating phase can appear if a complex singlet of \(SU(3)_C \times SU(2)_W \times U(1)_Y\) with a non-zero vacuum expectation value is added to the scalar sector of the IDM. We construct the scalar potential of the inert doublet plus singlet model (IDMS), assuming an exact \(Z_2\) symmetry, with singlet being \(Z_2\)-even. To simplify the model we use a softly broken \(U(1)\) symmetry, which allows a reduction of the number of free parameters in the potential. We study the masses and interactions of scalar particles for a few benchmark scenarios. Constraints from collider physics, in particular from the Higgs signal observed at LHC with \(M_h\approx 125\) GeV are discussed, as well as constraints from the dark matter experiments.
Recently, cognitive demands in workplaces have surged significantly. This study explored the intricate relationship among mental workload (MWL), occupational fatigue, physiological responses, and ...cognitive performance in office workers by using collective semi-parametric models. One hundred office workers were selected from twenty offices involved in cognitive performance. MWL was assessed through the NASA Task Load Index (NASA-TLX), and occupational fatigue was measured using the Persian version of the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory. Physiological responses, including respiratory rate, the electrical conductivity of the skin (ECS), Heart Rate (HR), and other heart-related parameters, were recorded from the participants during a work shift. Selective and Divided Attention tests were chosen to evaluate workers' cognitive function based on cognitive task analysis. The mean of MWL and occupational fatigue scores were 66.28 ± 11.76 and 1.62 ± 1.07, respectively. There was a significant moderate correlation between two dimensions, mental demand (0.429) and frustration (0.409), with functional fatigue. Also, Significant and, of course, nonlinear relationships were observed between MWL and HR (R2 = 0.44, P-value < 0.001) and ECS (R2 = 0.45, P-value < 0.001) and reaction time in selected (R2 = 0.34, P-value < 0.001) and divided test (R2 = 0.48, P-value < 0.001). Similarly, nonlinear relationships were observed between physiological responses and cognitive performance with fatigue among participants who had experienced higher levels of occupational fatigue. The MWL and fatigue seem to have a significant and non-linear effect on physiological parameters such as HR and ECS and cognitive parameters such as reaction time. Moreover, MWL can influence the dimension of functional fatigue of workers.
The present work deals with the use of activated carbon (AC)-metal composites for phenol adsorption from wastewater and decomposition of the adsorbed-phenol by thermal oxidation of the saturated ...AC-metal composites. The rice straw-based AC was modified by manganese oxide and ceria individually and jointly, in different metal/AC weight ratios (0.25–1.5) and calcination at different temperatures (300–700 ℃). The lowest temperature and metal/AC weight ratio resulted in the optimized AC-metal composites. CeO2 crystallite phase as clogs was detected on the adsorbent surface, and magnesia was uniformly dispersed as fine amorphous particles. Metal oxide species at low weight ratios led to an increase in the percentage of micropore volume (from ~46% to ~68%) by partially blocking the opening of some mesopores and converting them into finer pores; this is one of the strengths of the modification technique. The oxidation of carbon-hydrogen bonds by introducing metal oxides was demonstrated by FTIR analyses. According to the thermogravimetric study, the minimum temperature for dry oxidation of adsorbed phenol on AC-metal composites was 300 ℃. Oxidation at such a low temperature made the AC-manganese oxide composite a suitable choice for use in cyclic phenol adsorption-oxidation. The overall performance of manganese oxide was better than ceria and the mixed composite when the oxidation of adsorbed phenol was carried out under air atmosphere. In contrast, the phenol-loaded AC requires a higher temperature (>400 ℃) for phenol oxidation, which will result in a higher mass loss of the adsorbent.
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•Better performance of AC-Mn than AC-Ce for dry air oxidation of adsorbed phenol.•Highest performance at calcination temperature and metal/AC of 300 ℃ and 0.25 w/w.•Low oxidation temperature (300 ℃) of phenol adsorbed on the AC-metal composites.•Improved surface oxidation of AC by metal oxides, resulting in lower phenol adsorption.•Metal oxides as pore-tuning agents for AC to increase the percentage of microporosity.
Alteration in glycosylation pattern of MUC1 mucin tandem repeats during carcinomas has been shown to negatively affect adhesive properties of malignant cells and enhance tumor invasiveness and ...metastasis. In addition, MUC1 overexpression is closely interrelated with angiogenesis, making it a great target for immunotherapy. Alongside, easier interaction of nanobodies (single‐domain antibodies) with their antigens, compared to conventional antibodies, is usually associated with superior desirable results. Herein, we evaluated the preclinical efficacy of a recombinant nanobody against MUC1 tandem repeats in suppressing tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Expressed nanobody demonstrated specificity only toward MUC1‐overexpressing cancer cells and could internalize in cancer cell lines. The IC50 values (the concentration at which the nanobody exerted half of its maximal inhibitory effect) of the anti‐MUC1 nanobody against MUC1‐positive human cancer cell lines ranged from 1.2 to 14.3 nm. Similar concentrations could also effectively induce apoptosis in MUC1‐positive cancer cells but not in normal cells or MUC1‐negative human cancer cells. Immunohistochemical staining of spontaneously developed mouse breast tumors prior to in vivo studies confirmed cross‐reactivity of nanobody with mouse MUC1 despite large structural dissimilarities between mouse and human MUC1 tandem repeats. In vivo, a dose of 3 µg nanobody per gram of body weight in tumor‐bearing mice could attenuate tumor progression and suppress excessive circulating levels of IL‐1a, IL‐2, IL‐10, IL‐12, and IL‐17A pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Also, a significant decline in expression of Ki‐67, MMP9, and VEGFR2 biomarkers, as well as vasculogenesis, was evident in immunohistochemically stained tumor sections of anti‐MUC1 nanobody‐treated mice. In conclusion, the anti‐MUC1 tandem repeat nanobody of the present study could effectively overcome tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
The authors studied the preclinical efficacy of a recombinant nanobody against MUC1 tandem repeats in suppressing tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Expressed nanobody demonstrated specificity only toward MUC1‐overexpressing cancer cells and could internalize in cancer cell lines. Constructed nanobody could effectively overcome tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
INTRODUCTION: The Internet has drastically affected human behavior, and it has positive and negative effects; however, its excessive usage exposes users to internet addiction. The diagnosis of ...students' mental dysfunction is vital to monitor their academic progress and success by preventing this technology through proper handling of the usage addiction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive-analytical study selected 447 students (232 females and 215 males) of the first and second semesters enrolled at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Iran, in 2018 by using Cochrane's sample size formula and stratified random sampling. The study applied Young's Internet Addiction Test and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire 28 for data collection. The study screened the data received and analyzed valid data set through the t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficient by incorporating SPSS Statistics software version 23.0. RESULTS: The results of the current study specified that the total mean score of the students for internet addiction and mental health was 3.81 ± 0.88 and 2.56 ± 0.33, correspondingly. The results revealed that internet addiction positively correlated with depression and mental health, which indicated a negative relationship (P > 0.001). The multiple regression analysis results showed students' five significant vulnerability predictors toward internet addiction, such as the critical reason for using the Internet, faculty, depression, the central place for using the Internet, and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings specified that students' excessive internet usage leads to anxiety, depression, and adverse mental health, which affect their academic performance. Monitoring and controlling students' internet addiction through informative sessions on how to use the Internet adequately is useful.
This study aimed to provide an empirical model of predicting low back pain (LBP) by considering the occupational, personal, and psychological risk factor interactions in workers population employed ...in industrial units using an artificial neural networks approach.
A total of 92 workers with LBP as the case group and 68 healthy workers as a control group were selected in various industrial units with similar occupational conditions. The demographic information and personal, occupational, and psychosocial factors of the participants were collected via interview, related questionnaires, consultation with occupational medicine, and also the Rapid Entire Body Assessment worksheet and National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index software. Then, 16 risk factors for LBP were used as input variables to develop the prediction model. Networks with various multilayered structures were developed using MATLAB.
The developed neural networks with 1 hidden layer and 26 neurons had the least error of classification in both training and testing phases. The mean of classification accuracy of the developed neural networks for the testing and training phase data were about 88% and 96%, respectively. In addition, the mean of classification accuracy of both training and testing data was 92%, indicating much better results compared with other methods.
It appears that the prediction model using the neural network approach is more accurate compared with other applied methods. Because occupational LBP is usually untreatable, the results of prediction may be suitable for developing preventive strategies and corrective interventions.
Background and Objective: Self-care in hypertension is one of the most significant strategies in order to control the disease; moreover, health literacy and social support are regarded as effective ...factors in this case. Therefore, considering the necessity and need of society in promoting the level of health literacy and social support, as well as the role and importance of self-care in hypertension, the aim of the present study was to determine the relationship among self-care behavior and health literacy and social support in patients suffering from hypertension. Material and Methods: The descriptive-analytical study was cross-sectional and was conducted on 400 patients with hypertension referring to the specialized heart clinic of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj, Iran, using the convenience sampling method. The Four-part Demographic Questionnaire, the Self-Care Behavior Assessment Questionnaire, the Health Literacy for Iranian Adults Questionnaire and Social Support Questionnaire were used so as to collect the data. To analyze the data, SPSS software version 21 and parametric tests of Pearson correlation coefficient and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis were used. Results: The findings indicated that mean and standard deviation of Self-Care Behavior Score and Health Literacy and Social Support were 38/64 ± 8/83, 63/10 ± 11/16 and 91/54 ± 6/93, respectively. There was a Positive significant relationship between Self-Care Behavior and Health Literacy (r=0/491, P=0/00), Self-Care Behavior and Social Support (r=0/322, P=0/00), Social Support and Health Literacy (r=0/337, P=0/00). Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that having health literacy and social support would influence the individual and the occurrence of self-care behaviors, and since these cases are highly effective in preventing and controlling hypertension, it is necessary to train and promote them in the health system.
Introduction: Physical fatigue is one of the major risk factors for work-related musculoskeletal disorders and has many life and financial costs. The impact of physical/biomechanical, psychosocial, ...environmental, and individual risk factors on muscle fatigue is undeniable. The aim of this study is to model the phenomenon of muscle fatigue (as output) in the hand in work environments based on these risk factors (as input) using soft computing methods. Material and Methods: In the first step, associated risk factors of fatigue for 156 subjects (in three job categories) were assessed using Copenhagen environmental, psychosocial, demographic, and Man-TRA tools. Then, the Roman-Liu equation and mean square amplitude of acceleration waves were used to measure fatigue with a dynamometer and a three-axis accelerometer, respectively. Finally, according to the nature of risk factors and the phenomenon of fatigue, six categories (24 methods) of supervised machine learning (SML) based on classification were selected. MatLab software (MatLab R2017b, The Mathworks Inc., MA, U.S.A.) was used to fit the models using SML. Results: The best-fitted models in the first and second half of the work shift were obtained using support vector machine methods. Physical risk factors had a significant impact on physical fatigue. After filtering low-priority risk factors, in the first half of the work shift, the most optimal model had an accuracy of 71.8%, precision of 72.5%, sensitivity of 76.9%, specificity of 70.8%, and discrimination power equal to 73%. In the second half of the work shift, the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity of the optimized model were 60.3%, 57.5%, 50%, and 46.9%, respectively, and the discrimination power was obtained at about 62%. Conclusion: The fitted models for hand fatigue had acceptable performance in both sections of the shift but can still be optimized. Therefore, it is necessary for future studies to improve the quality of input and output data and include other dimensions affecting fatigue such as cognitive workload and type of work shift in future models.
Mentioned in Blinatumomab (Blincyto®) clinical safety report, a 5 year old boy with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving Blincyto® with the concentration of 30μg/m2/day on the fourth day of ...therapy developed both Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) and Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS). Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Bilirubin peaks were 18, 7 and 8 folds more than upper normal limit (UNL) respectively. However, albumin was reduced to approximately half of the lower Normal limit (LNL). Although Blincyto® administration was immediately withdrawn, he expired in the day 10 due to a fatal cardiac failure. Based on evidence, FDA concluded that CRS was the main cause of death in this patient. Evoking evidence now propose that aberrant pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion, the hallmark of CRS, and subsequent elevation in nitric oxide (NO) can result in both inotropic and chronotropic alterations in myocardial excitation-contraction coupling, myocardial contractility suppression, desensitization of β-adrenergic receptors stimulation, development of acute cardiac failure and death. The probably neglecting point here is that TLS itself can also develop life threatening conditions including sudden cardiac failure through induction of hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia and hyperuricemia, making CRS monitoring and proper required supportive interventions more complex. Here, first we enumerate probable mechanisms through which CRS results in development of fatal cardiac failure and then explain the possible neglected role of TLS in development of the fatal cardiac failure.
•Blinatumomab and cytokine release syndrome•Cardiovascular cytotoxicity and pro-inflammatory cytokines•Mechanism of apoptosis in cardiomyocyte•Blinatumomab and potential cardiac toxicity•Cytokines and myocardial infarction, cardiac cell death and reperfusion injury
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