Aim
The aim of this study is to discuss the available methodological resources and best‐practice guidelines for the development and completion of scoping reviews relevant to nursing and midwifery ...policy, practice, and research.
Design
Discussion Paper.
Data Sources
Scoping reviews that exemplify best practice are explored with reference to the recently updated JBI scoping review guide (2020) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses Scoping Review extension (PRISMA‐ScR).
Implications for nursing and midwifery
Scoping reviews are an increasingly common form of evidence synthesis. They are used to address broad research questions and to map evidence from a variety of sources. Scoping reviews are a useful form of evidence synthesis for those in nursing and midwifery and present opportunities for researchers to review a broad array of evidence and resources. However, scoping reviews still need to be conducted with rigour and transparency.
Conclusion
This study provides guidance and advice for researchers and clinicians who are preparing to undertake an evidence synthesis and are considering a scoping review methodology in the field of nursing and midwifery.
Impact
With the increasing popularity of scoping reviews, criticism of the rigour, transparency, and appropriateness of the methodology have been raised across multiple academic and clinical disciplines, including nursing and midwifery. This discussion paper provides a unique contribution by discussing each component of a scoping review, including: developing research questions and objectives; protocol development; developing eligibility criteria and the planned search approach; searching and selecting the evidence; extracting and analysing evidence; presenting results; and summarizing the evidence specifically for the fields of nursing and midwifery. Considerations for when to select this methodology and how to prepare a review for publication are also discussed. This approach is applied to the disciplines of nursing and midwifery to assist nursing and/or midwifery students, clinicians, researchers, and academics.
摘要
目的
本研究旨在讨论可用的方法论资源和最佳实践指南, 以便确定和执行涉及护理和助产政策、实践及研究的范围审查。
设计
讨论稿。
数据来源
参考最近更新的JBI范围审查指南 (2020年) 以及系统审查和荟萃分析范围审查扩展的首选报告项目 (PRISMA‐ScR) , 以便探讨最佳实践的范围审查程序。
护理和助产学启示
范围审查可用于合成证据, 目前越来越普遍。其主要用于解决大量研究问题, 并汇集通过不同来源获得的证据。范围审查是一种有用的证据合成方式, 适用于护理和助产程序, 并可为研究人员提供机会, 帮助其审查广泛的证据和资源。然而, 仍应严格执行范围审查程序, 且应保证其透明度。
结论
本研究可为研究人员、临床医师提供指导和建议, 帮助其合成证据, 并在护理和助产领域应用范围审查方法。
影响
伴随着范围审查日益普及, 多个学术和临床学科人员提出应保证方法的严谨性、透明度和适当性, 包括护理和助产学。本讨论稿的重点在于范围审查的各组成部分, 包括: 提出研究问题和目标; 制定方案; 确定资格标准和拟议搜索方法; 寻找和选择证据; 提取和分析证据; 展示结果以及概述护理和助产领域的具体证据。此外, 讨论内容包括方法选择时间和评论发表方法。此方法适用于护理和助产学科, 可用于协助护理和/或助产学生、临床医生、研究人员和学术人员。
1. World-wide declines in pollinators, including bumblebees, are attributed to a multitude of Stressors such as habitat loss, resource availability, emerging viruses and parasites, exposure to ...pesticides, and climate change, operating at various spatial and temporal scales. Disentangling individual and interacting effects of these Stressors, and understanding their impact at the individual, colony and population level are a challenge for systems ecology. Empirical testing of all combinations and contexts is not feasible. A mechanistic multilevel systems model (individual-colony-population-community) is required to explore resilience mechanisms of populations and communities under stress. 2. We present a model which can simulate the growth, behaviour and survival of six UK bumblebee species living in any mapped landscape. Bumble-BEEHAVE simulates, in an agent-based approach, the colony development of bumblebees in a realistic landscape to study how multiple Stressors affect bee numbers and population dynamics. We provide extensive documentation, including sensitivity analysis and validation, based on data from literature. The model is freely available, has flexible settings and includes a user manual to ensure it can be used by researchers, farmers, policy-makers, NGOs or other interested parties. 3. Model outcomes compare well with empirical data for individual foraging behaviour, colony growth and reproduction, and estimated nest densities. 4. Simulating the impact of reproductive depression caused by pesticide exposure shows that the complex feedback mechanisms captured in this model predict higher colony resilience to stress than suggested by a previous, simpler model. 5. Synthesis and applications. The Bumble-BEEHAVE model represents a significant step towards predicting bumblebee population dynamics in a spatially explicit way. It enables researchers to understand the individual and interacting effects of the multiple Stressors affecting bumblebee survival and the feedback mechanisms that may buffer a colony against environmental stress, or indeed lead to spiralling colony collapse. The model can be used to aid the design of field experiments, for risk assessments, to inform conservation and farming decisions and for assigning bespoke management recommendations at a landscape scale.
To identify how patient journey mapping is being undertaken and reported.
A scoping review of the literature was undertaken using JBI guidance.
Databases were searched in July 2021 (16th-21st), ...including Ovid's Medline, Embase, Emcare and PsycINFO; Scopus; Web of Science Core Collection, the Directory of Open Access Journals; Informit and; ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
Eligible articles included peer-reviewed literature documenting journey mapping methodologies and studies conducted in healthcare services. Reviewers used Covidence to screen titles and abstracts of located sources, and to screen full-text articles. A table was used to extract data and synthesize results.
Eighty-one articles were included. An acceleration of patient journey mapping research was observed, with 76.5% (n = 62) of articles published since 2015. Diverse mapping approaches were identified. Reporting of studies was inconsistent and largely non-adherent with relevant, established reporting guidelines.
Patient journey mapping is a relatively novel approach for understanding patient experiences and is increasingly being adopted. There is variation in process details reported. Considerations for improving reporting standards are provided.
Patient journey mapping is a rapidly growing approach for better understanding how people enter, experience and exit health services. This type of methodology has significant potential to inform new, patient centred models of care and facilitate clinicians, patients and health professionals to better understand gaps and strategies in health services. The synthesised results of this review alert researchers to options available for journey mapping research and provide preliminary guidance for elevating reporting quality.
Simulated patients (SPs) are increasingly used in health education and research. The aim of this article was to investigate templates and protocols that enable SPs to accurately and consistently ...adopt these roles. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guided the search strategy for articles that detailed such templates or protocols. Embase Classic + Embase, ProQuest ERIC, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid EMCare, psycINFO, and Scopus were searched, and 17 articles were included in the review. The templates and protocols that were located differed in structure, length, and depth and were developed or used in medical, nursing, allied health, and veterinary medicine disciplines. The validity, reliability, and replicability of studies are explored, and the quality of reporting is evaluated using the Simulation Research Rubric. Recommendations for increasing the rigor of programs and the reporting of research where SPs are adopted are considered.
The Needs in Recovery Assessment (NiRA) is a tool designed to support recovery-oriented and person-centred approaches in mental health services through facilitating the identification and ...prioritisation of needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interrater reliability of the NiRA. Method: Ten mental health clinicians from various professional backgrounds used the NiRA to facilitate assessment interviews with Simulated Patients. Completed and semi-completed NiRA forms, questionnaires, and audio-visual recordings of assessment interviews were collected for analysis. The interrater reliability of the NiRA was calculated using percent agreement and Gwet's Agreement Coefficient (AC)
1
. Results: Percent agreement across all items of the finalised tool was 0.84 (item range: 0.55 to 1.0). Overall interrater reliability (Gwet's AC
1
) was 0.70 (95% CI 0.64-0.76) with items ranging from −0.08 to 1.0. Conclusion: The NiRA is a reliable tool and is ready to be trialled in a feasibility study in clinical settings. It is anticipated that the NiRA will facilitate a deeper understanding of service users' needs and a more targeted approach to meeting unmet needs.
This scoping review will assess the literature that documents or utilizes patient journey mapping methodologies in health care settings. It will also examine the reporting processes of studies that ...use this methodology.
Health care systems are complex and can be challenging for patients to navigate. Using patient journey mapping as a research method promotes a deeper understanding of patient experiences when navigating these systems. Patient journey mapping provides valuable insights into where systems are working well, where gaps in care exist, and how the system could respond to these gaps.
This review will consider peer-reviewed articles and publicly available academic literature documenting patient journey mapping methodologies. The review will also consider studies providing guidance and recommendations on how to report patient journey mapping studies in health care services and systems.
The proposed review will follow JBI guidance for scoping reviews. The following databases will be searched: MEDLINE, Embase, Emcare, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, the Directory of Open Access Journals, Informit, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. The search will not be limited to year of publication but will be limited to studies reported in English. The PRISMA-ScR extension will be used to document the literature search. Two reviewers will screen titles, abstracts, and full-text articles. An extraction table will be used to extract relevant data from all included articles and to facilitate data analysis.
Recovering from a first episode of mental illness entails unique challenges and often includes experiencing unmet needs. The availability of a formal, structured and valid means of assessing the ...needs of individuals recovering from a first episode of mental illness may improve mental health service delivery. This article describes the development of a new needs assessment tool, the Needs in Recovery Assessment (NiRA), and presents the results of processes used to validate the tool. The NiRA was developed using data collected in a previous literature review and focus groups with mental health service users. It contains three sections for the identification, prioritization, planning and re‐evaluation of a broad array of needs. It was presented in two workshops, where mental health service users and clinicians evaluated its validity, acceptability and usability. Items of need and the format of the NiRA were evaluated using Likert‐scale questions, open‐ended short answer and closed questions. Each item of need was evaluated for its validity by a panel of experts via an online survey. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data, including means, percentages and the Content Validity Index (CVI).Streiner and Kottner's scale development and testing guidelines were used in the reporting of this study. 48 items of need were evaluated as valid by mental health service users, clinicians and academics. Most items received an I‐CVI of greater than .93. The scale CVI/Avg was .96. The NiRA is perceived as a valid and acceptable tool for assessing the needs of people recovering from a first episode of mental illness.
Background The Needs in Recovery Assessment (NiRA) is a newly developed needs assessment tool, designed to identify the needs of people recovering from mental illness. This tool has been evaluated ...outside of the clinical context for validity and reliability. The aim of this study is to introduce the NiRA into clinical practice and to evaluate the value of the NiRA as an adjunct to service delivery from the perspectives of stakeholders and to evaluate the barriers and facilitators of embedding the NiRA in a mental health service. Methods The establishment of the NiRA in a tertiary mental health unit over a 6-month period will be evaluated using a multi-methods approach. Quantitative data will be collected using the NiRA itself and the Recovery Self-Assessment (RSA). Face-to-face interviews with service users and clinicians will be conducted following the initial completion of the NiRA, with a follow-up interview for service users on discharge from the service. Regular informal follow-up with clinicians throughout the study will support the introduction of the NiRA. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse quantitative data, and descriptive qualitative methods will be used to analyse data from interviews. Discussion Aligning mental health services with recovery-oriented frameworks of care is imperative. The NiRA is a tool that has been designed in accordance with recovery principles and may assist services to be more recovery-oriented. If the NiRA is able to achieve the aims and objectives of this project, a larger implementation study will be conducted. Trial registration Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12621000316808 Keywords: Pilot study, Needs assessment tool, Mental health, Recovery, Protocol
Background
First episode psychosis (FEP) can be a traumatic experience that may alter an individual's ability to meet their own needs. The Supportive Care Needs Framework (SCNF) could complement the ...recovery‐oriented, person‐centred approach that is the current foundation of mental health care.
Aim
To identify the supportive care needs (SCNs) of individuals recovering from a FEP.
Methods
A scoping review of the literature was undertaken. Review questions were developed, and relevant studies were identified through database and hand searches of peer‐reviewed journal articles. Data from selected articles were tabulated, and contextual meaning was given to the data through a process of collating, summarizing, and reporting.
Results
A total of 14 peer‐reviewed journal articles met inclusion criteria. SCNs were identified at different stages of recovery, ranging from initial treatment to 7 years postdiagnosis. Emotional, informational, practical, psychological, and social needs were identified in over half of the included articles, while needs in the physical and spiritual domains were identified in less than five.
Conclusions
Unmet needs in each of the seven domains of need of the SCNF were identified in this population. There are a number of gaps in the literature relating to the specific needs of this population and the timing for which individuals may require more supportive care in their recovery journey.
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