Introduction
Because patients and patient organizations want to strengthen their role in the care pathway and drug evaluation and in order to improve pharmacovigilance activities, European competent ...authorities implemented regulations to allow direct reporting of adverse drug reactions related to medicinal products by patients in 2012.
Objectives
To describe evolution and analyze determinants of patient reporting activity in France in order to assess patient involvement in pharmacovigilance.
Method
Using the French national pharmacovigilance database, univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to compare the characteristics of adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports from patients and healthcare professionals (HCP) between 2011 and 2020. The relationship between regional patient ADR report activity and regional care provision and socio-professional characteristics was analyzed using the principal component analysis.
Results
A significant and higher increase in ADR reports over time from patients (
r
= 0.89,
p
< 0.001) compared to HCP (
r
= 0.27,
p
= 0.002) has been observed. Patient ADR report activities compared to HCP concerned more women (80% vs. 55%,
p
< 0.001), younger age classes (
p
< 0.001), reporting through web portal (83% vs. 17%,
p
< 0.001), and less serious events (26% vs. 63%,
p
< 0.001). In the principal component analysis, regional patient reporting activity was related to socio-professional categories, age classes, and densities of hospital beds and physicians.
Conclusion
Our results confirm an increasing involvement of patients in ADR report activities. The determinants of patient reporting activities are not only related to drug and medical factors but also to social factors. Digital tools may also play a role in health democracy in pharmacovigilance.
Changing our environmental policy has been at the forefront of many political discussions. But how can we make this change come about? In American Politics and the Environment, Second Edition, Byron ...W. Daynes, Glen Sussman and Jonathan P. West argue it is critical that we must understand the politics of environmental decision making and how political actors operate within political institutions. Blending behavioral and institutional approaches, each chapter combines discussion of an institution along with sidebars focusing on a particular environmental topic as well as a personal profile of a key decision maker. A central focus of this second edition is the emergence of global climate change as a key issue. Although the scientific community can provide research findings to policy makers, politics can create conflicts, tensions, and delays in the crafting of effective and necessary environmental policy responses. Daynes, Sussman, and West help us understand the role of politics in the policy making process and why institutional players such as the president, Congress, and interest groups succeed or fail in responding to important environmental challenges.
Following reports of ethion resistant cattle ticks (Boophilus microplus (Canestrini)) in New Caledonia, a series of dosage mortality tests was undertaken in an attempt to establish the extent of this ...resistance. Thirty samples of B. microplus which was introduced from Australia in 1942, were taken from various locations on the main island, and the results compared with similar tests carried out using an Australian susceptible reference strain (Yeerongpilly) and an Australian resistant strain (Biarra). Larvae 6-15 days after hatching were exposed to different concentrations of ethion in olive oil for 24 h. The study showed that varying levels of ethion resistance had developed in New Caledonia, and that it was most strongly marked in tick populations from the east coast region. Some very low levels of resistance are probably of no practical importance, but the LC
50
value of the most resistant population was eight times that of the Yeerongpiily reference strain. Ethion resistance has appeared on the island after seven years of application. Reasons for the observed regional variation in resistance level are discussed. It is suggested that the concentration of ethion cattle dipping baths should be increased before introducing new acaricides. Alternative control methods should be considered.
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