The present study aimed at investigating whether the neuromuscular system behaves differently (in terms of force and muscle activity generation) as a function of the task being performed (i.e. ...maximal voluntary efforts vs stair negotiation) and the presence of patellofemoral pain (PFP) and possible influences of pain intensity. Thirty-eight women with (n = 19) and without PFP (n = 19) had their knee strength (extension joint torque) measured during maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) and electromyography (EMG) data recorded during both MVIC and stair ascent tasks, which were performed before and after a loading protocol designed to exacerbate pain symptoms. Women with PFP displayed lower levels of vastus medialis (p = 0.002) and vastus lateralis (p = 0.032) EMG activation during MVIC assessments. Conversely, the PFP group showed higher levels of vastus medialis muscle activity during stair climbing (p = 0.007), which happened exclusively after the loading protocol. Similarly, women with PFP displayed lower knee extensor torque only during the MVIC tests performed after the loading protocol, which was moderately correlated with the increase in self-reported pain (p = 0.041, r = 0.37), whereas the changes in EMG activity during stair ascent were not correlated with changes in pain intensity (p = 0.215, r = 0.12). These results suggest that, in comparison to pain-free controls, women with PFP display lower levels of quadriceps EMG activation during maximal contractions, but higher activation during dynamic tasks (stair ascent). In addition, the moderate association between the decrease in knee extensor torque and increase in self-reported pain indicates that care should be taken by clinicians during quadriceps strength evaluation in women with PFP, as misleading outcomes may emerge if the intensity of knee pain is not considered during screening. Additionally, rehabilitation strategies should focus on both restoring neuromuscular control and increasing muscle strength.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
To compare trunk muscle thickness of women with and without patellofemoral pain (PFP) and to assess the association of trunk muscle thickness with self‐reported pain of women with PFP.
...Methods
Forty‐four women were recruited and divided into 2 groups: a PFP group (n = 22) and a pain‐free group (n = 22). The thickness of the following trunk muscles was obtained by B‐mode ultrasound imaging: transversus abdominis, obliquus internus (OI), obliquus externus (OE), rectus abdominis, and multifidus. Self‐reported pain was measured on a visual analog scale.
Results
The 44 participants were 18 to 35 years old. Women with PFP had lower thickness of the OI and OE than pain‐free women, with moderate or large effect sizes ranging from –0.78 to –0.98, which was negatively related to self‐reported pain correlations (r = –0.53 to –0.40). The contraction ratios of the OI and OE were also lower in women with PFP than in pain‐free women (P < .05). No differences between groups were found for the transversus abdominis, multifidus, and rectus abdominis, with also no correlation with self‐reported pain.
Conclusions
Lower thickness of the OI and OE is present in women with PFP, which is related to self‐reported pain. These findings might help in understanding the alterations in trunk biomechanics of individuals with PFP and the mechanisms by which interventions targeting trunk muscle strength are beneficial to individuals with PFP.
To explore the relationship between knee crepitus, quadriceps muscle thickness and isometric strength in individuals with patellofemoral pain (PFP).
Cross-sectional.
Individuals with PFP.
...Participants with PFP underwent assessments for presence, frequency and severity of knee crepitus. Real-time ultrasound images of the quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, vastus medialis and lateralis) at rest and during contraction were obtained, muscle thickness was measured in both conditions. Maximal voluntary isometric contraction tests were performed to measure knee extensor strength. The relationship between knee crepitus and quadriceps muscle thickness and knee extensor strength was explored using logistic and linear regressions.
Sixty individuals with PFP were included (age: 24; 60% women; 38% with crepitus). Knee crepitus severity was related to rectus femoris and vastus medialis thickness during rest (R2 = 0.19 and 0.09, respectively) and contraction (R2 = 0.16 and 0.07, respectively) and with vastus lateralis during contraction (R2 = 0.08). Isometric knee extensor strength was not related to knee crepitus presence, frequency, or severity.
Higher severity of knee crepitus is related to lower quadriceps muscle thickness in individuals with PFP. There is no relationship between the presence and frequency of knee crepitus with quadriceps muscle thickness or knee extensor strength.
•Knee crepitus severity is related to quadriceps muscle thickness in individuals with patellofemoral pain.•Knee crepitus presence and frequency are not related to quadriceps muscle thickness in individuals with patellofemoral pain.•Knee crepitus is not related to knee extensor muscle torque in individuals with patellofemoral pain.
Abstract Background Excessive rearfoot eversion is thought to be a risk factor for patellofemoral pain development, due to the kinesiological relationship with ascendant adaptations. Individuals with ...patellofemoral pain are often diagnosed through static clinical tests, in scientific studies and clinical practice. However, the adaptations seem to appear in dynamic conditions. Performing static vs. dynamic evaluations of widely used measures would add to the knowledge in this area. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the reliability and differentiation capability of three rearfoot eversion measures: rearfoot range of motion, static clinical test and static measurement using a three-dimensional system. Method A total of 29 individuals with patellofemoral pain and 25 control individuals (18–30 years) participated in this study. Each subject underwent three-dimensional motion analysis during stair climbing and static clinical tests. Intraclass correlation coefficient and standard error measurements were performed to verify the reliability of the variables and receiver operating characteristic curves to show the diagnostic accuracy of each variable. In addition, analyses of variance were performed to identify differences between groups. Findings Rearfoot range of motion demonstrated higher diagnostic accuracy (an area under the curve score of 0.72) than static measures and was able to differentiate the groups. Only the static clinical test presented poor and moderate reliability. Other variables presented high to very high values. Interpretation Rearfoot range of motion was the variable that presented the best results in terms of reliability and differentiation capability. Static variables do not seem to be related to patellofemoral pain and have low accuracy values.
Abstract We report the case of a giant lipoma of the quadrigeminal cistern in a 30-year-old female patient with headache, nausea, vomiting, and phono and photophobia. Despite the large size of the ...tumor, conservative treatment was chosen. Intracranial lipomas are rare benign tumors commonly associated with congenital anomalies, and their origin is related to an incorrect embryonic development. The diagnosis is made mainly by cranial computed tomographyand magnetic resonance imaging. The treatment of lipoma can be surgical or conservative, and there is no single treatment for the different patients' cases.
Abstract Background Despite its high incidence, patellofemoral pain etiology remains unclear. No prior study has compared surface electromyography frequency domain parameters and surface ...electromyography time domain variables, which have been used as a classic analysis of patellofemoral pain. Methods Thirty one women with patellofemoral pain and twenty eight pain-free women were recruited. Each participant was asked to descend a seven step staircase and data from five successful trials were collected. During the task, the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle activities were monitored by surface electromyography. The data were processed and analyzed in four variables of the frequency domain (median frequency, low, medium and high frequency bands) and three time domain variables (Automatic, Cross-correlation and Visual Onset between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles). Reliability, Receiver Operating Characteristic curves and regression models were performed. Findings The medium frequency band was the most reliable variable and different between the groups for both muscles, also demonstrated the best values of sensitivity and sensibility, 72% and 69% for the vastus medialis and 68% and 62% for the vastus lateralis, respectively. The frequency variables predicted the pain of individuals with patellofemoral pain, 26% for the vastus medialis and 20% for the vastus lateralis, being better than the time variables, which achieved only 7%. Interpretation The frequency domain parameters presented greater reliability, diagnostic accuracy and capacity to predict pain than the time domain variables during stair descent and might be a useful tool to diagnose individuals with patellofemoral pain.
This study aimed to determine the best method to treat a textile effluent containing the dye basic blue 99 (BB). Treatments by the electrochemical and the Fenton processes were compared by means of a ...2(3) experimental design, and the interaction of experimental conditions for BB oxidation were determined. The electrochemical treatment gave better results in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte and high current density (30 mA cm(-2)); the Fenton reaction provided better results at H2O2 and Fe(2+) concentrations of 10 mg L(-1) and 0.5 mmol L(-1), respectively. Electrochemical treatment was 23 times faster than the Fenton reaction because formation of chlorinated species during electrooxidation significantly contributed to dye oxidation. Although the electrochemical process was more efficient, the resulting treated effluent was more toxic to Lactuca sativa germination and growth, which indicated some biotoxicity. Results demonstrated that both processes efficiently remediated effluents containing the dye BB, but they need to be combined with other processes to ensure complete adequacy of the effluent for disposal.
To describe the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking in the Brazilian adult population, according to sociodemographic characteristics, in 2013 and in 2019.
A cross-sectional study using data on ...heavy episodic drinking among adults (≥ 18 years) from the National Health Survey, analyzed descriptively.
60,202 participants were included in 2013 and 88,531 in 2019. The prevalence of heavy episodic drinking, in 2019 (17.1%; 95%CI 16.6;17.5), was higher than 2013 (13.1%; 95%CI 13.1;14.2). In the two years, there was a higher prevalence among male sex, adults 18 to 39 years old, individuals with high schooling and Black skin color. In addition, higher prevalence were found among residents in urban areas and in the Midwest and Southeast regions.
The indication of the growing prevalence of alcohol abuse in Brazil and the differences in prevalence, according to sociodemographic characteristics, show the need to encourage public policies and actions to combat its use.
The genotype x environment interaction represents one of the major selection challenges due to the difficulty in identifying effectively superior genotypes. The present study aimed at estimating ...genetic parameters and selecting genotypes of early Carioca beans by analyzing simultaneous attributes, including yield, adaptability, and stability. In the agricultural year of 2015 and 2016, three trials were conducted, using a randomized block design, with three repetitions each, in the Agreste and Sertao regions of Pernambuco State. The genetic parameters were estimated using the mixed model procedure, and the selection was based on the harmonic mean of the relative performance of genetic values (MHPRVG, abbreviation in Portuguese) method. The environments influenced the phenotypic expression of the bean genotypes during both years, setting a specific adaptation. The mean heritability of the genotypes regarding yield exhibited low magnitude values in the trials of 2015 (5.78%) and 2016 (13.77%), indicating costly conditions for the selection of the improved genotypes. Genotype CNFC 15856 was selected, considering the genetic gain predicted for yield, by the average and specific performance in the three environments, and by the simultaneous attributes of yield, adaptability, and stability. The MHPRVG method enables the optimized selection of genotypes considering yield, stability, and adaptability; therefore, it should be included in the recommended selective criteria for agronomically superior genotypes in commercial plantations.
Using genotypes adapted to different regions is one of the main ways to increase Brazilian bean yield. The aim of the present study was to assess the genotypic performance of Carioca beans through ...mixed models. Fourteen Carioca bean genotypes were assessed in four locations in Pernambuco State (Arcoverde, Caruaru, Belém de São Francisco and São João counties) in 2015. The experiments followed a completely randomized block design, with three repetitions. Genetic parameters were estimated according to the REML/BLUP methodology, whereas genotype selection was based on the harmonic mean of relative performance of genetic values method (MHPRVG). The mean genotype heritability had moderate magnitude, high selective accuracy, besides allowing selection of agronomically superior individuals. Genotypes ‘BRS Notável’, CNFC 15480 and ‘IPR 139’ showed good adaptability and grain yield stability. There was agreement among the statistics μ ̂ + g ̂…, stability (MHVG), adaptability (PRVG), and stability and adaptability of genetic values (MHPRVG) in the discrimination of the most productive genotypes, which presented high adaptability and stability. This outcome indicated that these genotypes can be part of the selection criteria regularly used in bean breeding programs.
RESUMO: O uso de genótipos adaptados a diferentes regiões é uma das principais formas de aumentar a produtividade brasileira de feijão. O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o desempenho genotípico de feijão carioca via modelos mistos. Foram avaliados 14 genótipos de feijão carioca em quatro locais do estado de Pernambuco (Arcoverde, Caruaru, Belém de São Francisco e São João) no ano de 2015. Os experimentos foram instalados em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com três repetições. Os parâmetros genéticos foram estimados pela metodologia REML/BLUP, e a seleção baseou-se no método da média harmônica da performance relativa dos valores genéticos (MHPRVG). A herdabilidade média dos genótipos apresentou magnitude moderada, aliada a alta acurácia seletiva, o que possibilita a seleção de indivíduos agronomicamente superiores. Os genótipos ‘BRS Notável’, CNFC 15480 e ‘IPR 139’ apresentaram boa adaptabilidade e estabilidade produtiva de grãos. Houve concordância entre as estatísticas μ ̂ + g ̂..., estabilidade de valores genéticos (MHVG), adaptabilidade de valores genéticos (PRVG) e estabilidade e adaptabilidade de valores genéticos (MHPRVG) na discriminação dos genótipos mais produtivos e com alta adaptabilidade e estabilidade, indicando que elas podem fazer parte de critérios seletivos na rotina dos programas de melhoramento do feijão.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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