Introduction
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare form of non-Hodgkin T-cell lymphoma associated with breast reconstruction post-mastectomy or ...cosmetic-additive mammoplasty. The increasing use of implants for cosmetic purposes is expected to lead to an increase in BIA-ALCL cases. This study investigated the main characteristics of the disease and the factors predicting BIA-ALCL onset in patients with and without an implant replacement.
Methods
A quantitative analysis was performed by two independent researchers on cases extracted from 52 primary studies (case report, case series, and systematic review) published until April 2022 and searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google-Scholar databases using “Breast-Implant” AND/OR “Associated” AND/OR “Anaplastic-Large-Cell-Lymphoma”. The statistical significance was verified by Student’s
t
-test for continuous variables, while Fisher’s exact test was applied for qualitative variables. Cox model with time-dependent covariates was used to estimate BIA-ALCL’s onset time. The Kaplan–Meier model allowed the estimation of the probability of survival after therapy according to breast implant exposure time.
Results
Overall, 232 patients with BIA-ALCL were extracted. The mean age at diagnosis was 55 years old, with a mean time to disease onset from the first implant of 10.3 years. The hazard of developing BIA-ALCL in a shorter time resulted significantly higher for patients not having an implant replacement (hazard ratio = 0.03; 95%CI: 0.005–0.19;
p
-value < 0.01). Patients with implant replacement were significantly older than patients without previous replacement at diagnosis, having a median time to diagnosis since the first implant of 13 years (7 years in patients without replacement); anyway, the median time to BIA-ALCL occurrence since the last implantation was equal to 5 years.
Discussion
Our findings suggest that, in BIA-ALCL patients, the implant substitution and/or capsulectomy may delay the disease’s onset. However, the risk of reoccurrence in an earlier time should be considered in these patients. Moreover, the time to BIA-ALCL onset slightly increased with age. Selection bias, lack of awareness, misdiagnosis, and limited data availability could be identified as limits of our study. An implant replacement should be considered according to a risk stratification approach to delay the BIA-ALCL occurrence in asymptomatic patients, although a stricter follow-up after the implant substitution should be recommended.
Systematic Review Registration
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO
, identifier: CRD42023446726.
A retrospective observational study utilising cancer incidence data from a population-based registry investigated determinants affecting primary liver cancer survival in a southern Italian region ...with high hepatitis viral infection rates and obesity prevalence. Among 2687 patients diagnosed between 2006 and 2019 (65.3% male), a flexible hazard-based regression model revealed factors influencing 5-year survival rates. High deprivation levels HR = 1.41 (95%CI = 1.15–1.76); p < 0.001, poor access to care HR = 1.99 (95%IC = 1.70–2.35); p < 0.0001, age between 65 and 75 HR = 1.48 (95%IC = 1.09–2.01); p < 0.05 or >75 HR = 2.21 (95%CI = 1.62–3.01); p < 0.0001 and residing in non-urban areas HR = 1.35 (95%CI = 1.08–1.69); p < 0.01 were associated with poorer survival estimates. While deprivation appeared to be a risk factor for primary liver cancer patients residing within the urban area, the geographic distance from specialised treatment centres emerged as a potential determinant of lower survival estimates for residents in the non-urban areas. After balancing the groups of easy and poor access to care using a propensity score approach, poor access to care and a lower socioeconomic status resulted in potentially having a negative impact on primary liver cancer survival, particularly among urban residents. We emphasise the need to interoperate cancer registries with other data sources and to deploy innovative digital solutions to improve cancer prevention.
Background Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant global health challenge, necessitating innovative approaches for primary prevention. Personalized prevention, based on genetic risk scores ...(PRS) and digital technologies, holds promise in revolutionizing CVD preventive strategies. However, the clinical efficacy of these interventions requires further investigation. This study presents the protocol of the INNOPREV randomized controlled trial, aiming to evaluate the clinical efficacy of PRS and digital technologies in personalized cardiovascular disease prevention. Methods The INNOPREV trial is a four-arm RCT conducted in Italy. A total of 1,020 participants, aged 40–69 with high 10-year CVD risk based on SCORE 2 charts, will be randomly assigned to traditional CVD risk assessment, genetic testing (CVD PRS), digital intervention (app and smart band), or a combination of genetic testing and digital intervention. The primary objective is to evaluate the efficacy of providing CVD PRS information, measured at baseline, either alone or in combination with the use of an app and a smart band, on two endpoints: changes in lifestyle patterns, and modification in CVD risk profiles. Participants will undergo a comprehensive assessment and cardiovascular evaluation at baseline, with follow-up visits at one, five, and 12 months. Lifestyle changes and CVD risk profiles will be assessed at different time points beyond the initial assessment, using the Life's Essential 8 and SCORE 2, respectively. Blood samples will be collected at baseline and at study completion to evaluate changes in lipid profiles. The analysis will employ adjusted mixed-effect models for repeated measures to assess significant differences in the data collected over time. Additionally, potential moderators and mediators will be examined to understand the underlying mechanisms of behavior change. Discussion As the largest trial in this context, the INNOPREV trial will contribute to the advancement of personalized cardiovascular disease prevention, with the potential to positively impact public health and reduce the burden of CVDs on healthcare systems. By systematically examining the clinical efficacy of PRS and digital interventions, this trial aims to provide valuable evidence to guide future preventive strategies and enhance population health outcomes.
The rising popularity of undercooked or raw seafood containing larvae of the
parasite has led to issues of public health concern due to allergic manifestations. We conducted an observational study on ...the use of an innovative
allergy diagnostic algorithm in a convenience sample of 53 allergic outpatients recruited in Western Sicily, between April 2021 and March 2022. We included individuals with an anamnesis suggestive of IgE sensitization to
reporting clinical manifestation in the last month due to allergic reactions after eating fresh fish, or in subjects at high exposure risk with sea products while abstaining from fish ingestion, excluding those with documented fish sensitization. Outpatients were tested via Skin Prick Test, IgE-specific dosage and Basophil Activation Test (BAT). Twenty-six outpatients were diagnosed with
, while 27 with Chronic Urticaria (CU). We found a seven-fold excess risk for
(p4) positivity in the
allergic outpatients, as compared to the CU ones. BAT showed the best diagnostic accuracy (92.45%) and specificity (100%), while specific IgE to
(p1) documented the best sensitivity (92.31%) but a very low specificity (37.04%). In conclusion, our findings may represent a potentially useful contribution to the future development of updated clinical guidelines.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is one of the most aggressive malignancies of the neck, and for the majority of these patients the cause of death is a compromised airway, metastatic disease, ...superior vena cava syndrome, asphyxiation, or exsanguination. In case of the airway being compromised, emergency treatment is mandatory but not well defined. We report 4 different kinds of acute presentation of complications. Anaplastic thyroid cancer; diagnostic, clinical and prognostic indication, evaluation of choice of treatment are discussed. The spectrum of treatment varies from observation and preservation of the airway from a tracheostomy to extensive surgery. When a potentially curative resection is not feasible, the major challenge for the surgeons is the management of airway due to tracheal compression, unilateral or bilateral vocal cord paralysis and direct infiltration of the tumor in the tracheal lumen. Tracheostomy is indicated only in cases of insufficient respiratory glottic space and has the possible purpose of avoiding urgent tracheostomy. In cases of respiratory failure, after urgent tracheostomy it is also useful to perform a thyroid biopsy to make a diagnosis. PEG positioning is always indicated for the purpose of better nutrition in dysphagia patients. Any further surgical therapy, in cases of non-urgency and with a confirmed diagnosis, is, in our opinion, contraindicated due to the poor prognosis of the neoplasm.
The rising popularity of undercooked or raw seafood containing larvae of the Anisakis parasite has led to issues of public health concern due to allergic manifestations. We conducted an observational ...study on the use of an innovative Anisakis allergy diagnostic algorithm in a convenience sample of 53 allergic outpatients recruited in Western Sicily, between April 2021 and March 2022. We included individuals with an anamnesis suggestive of IgE sensitization to Anisakis reporting clinical manifestation in the last month due to allergic reactions after eating fresh fish, or in subjects at high exposure risk with sea products while abstaining from fish ingestion, excluding those with documented fish sensitization. Outpatients were tested via Skin Prick Test, IgE-specific dosage and Basophil Activation Test (BAT). Twenty-six outpatients were diagnosed with Anisakis, while 27 with Chronic Urticaria (CU). We found a seven-fold excess risk for Anisakis (p4) positivity in the Anisakis allergic outpatients, as compared to the CU ones. BAT showed the best diagnostic accuracy (92.45%) and specificity (100%), while specific IgE to Ascaris (p1) documented the best sensitivity (92.31%) but a very low specificity (37.04%). In conclusion, our findings may represent a potentially useful contribution to the future development of updated clinical guidelines.
•In a retrospective multicenter study, around 1% of the patients require PPI after cardiac surgery.•More than 30% of these patients recover A/V conduction property within months.•Pacemaker dependency ...is associated with higher mortality.•SR before surgery seems to have a protective effect on pacemaker dependency.
Permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) represents a rare complication after cardiac surgery, with no uniform agreement on timing and no information on follow-up. A multicenter retrospective study was designed to assess pacemaker dependency (PMD) and long-term mortality after cardiac surgery procedures. Between 2004 and 2016, PPI-patients from 18 centers were followed. Time-to-event data were evaluated with semiparametric regression Cox models and semiparametric Fine and Gray model for competing risk framework. Of 859 (0.90%) PPI-patients, 30% were pacemaker independent (PMI) at 6 months. PMD showed higher mortality compared with PMI (10-year survival 80.1% ± 2.6% and 92.2% +2.4%, respectively, log-rank p-value < 0.001) with an unadjusted hazard ratio for death of 0.36 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.65, p< 0.001 favoring PMI) and an adjusted hazard ratio of 0.19 (95% CI 0.08 to 0.45, p< 0.001 with PMD as reference). Crude cumulative incidence function of restored PMI rhythm at follow-up at 6 months, 1 year and 12 years were 30.5% (95% CI 27.3% to 33.7%), 33.7% (95% CI 30.4% to 36.9%) and 37.2% (95% CI 33.8% to 40.6%) respectively. PMI was favored by preoperative sinus rhythm with normal conduction (SR) (HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.65 to 3.40, p< 0.001), whereas coronary artery bypass grafting and aortic valve replacement were independently associated with PMD (HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.88, p = 0.006 and HR 0.807, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.99, p = 0.047 respectively). Time-to-implantation was not associated with increased rate of PMI. Although 30% of PPI-patients are PMI after 6 months, PMD is associated with higher mortality at long term.
Highlights • Prevalence of AED use and epileptic seizures was higher than 12 years earlier. • In 62% of cases AEDs were prescribed in the absence of a seizure diagnosis. • Seizure individuals had ...lower cognitive function scores than the whole population. • Seizure individuals were more likely to have co-morbid conditions. • There were indicators of AED treatment being suboptimal in many cases.
PDF
