Research focused on minoritized communities has predominantly been conducted by individuals associated with universities who have little connection to or investment in these communities beyond their ...research agenda. Oftentimes, this research benefits the researcher more than the community. This study of a peer‐taught, prison‐based, adult language, and literacy program challenged traditional research paradigms through the implementation of participatory action research (PAR). Informed by PAR epistemologies, the research team, composed of the incarcerated peer‐instructors and a university volunteer, employed qualitative methodologies over an 18‐month period to better understand how the program was experienced by its different members in relation to classroom practices and policies. We examine how PAR provided a reflexive space for us to examine our shifting subjectivities as members and researchers in the program while also challenging our understandings of the experiences of program members. Additionally, this study calls for a broader consideration of how change is defined.
Abstract
A stellar occultation by the extreme large-perihelion trans-Neptunian object (541132) Leleākūhonua (also known by the provisional designation of 2015 TG
387
) was predicted by the Lucky Star ...project and observed with the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network on 2018 October 20 UT. A single detection and a nearby nondetection provide constraints for the size and albedo. When a circular profile is assumed, the radius is
km, corresponding to a geometric albedo
, for an adopted absolute magnitude of
H
V
= 5.6, typical of other objects in dynamically similar orbits. The occultation also provides a high-precision astrometric constraint.
A stellar occultation by the extreme large-perihelion trans-Neptunian object (541132) Lele k honua (also known by the provisional designation of 2015 TG387) was predicted by the Lucky Star project ...and observed with the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network on 2018 October 20 UT. A single detection and a nearby nondetection provide constraints for the size and albedo. When a circular profile is assumed, the radius is km, corresponding to a geometric albedo , for an adopted absolute magnitude of HV = 5.6, typical of other objects in dynamically similar orbits. The occultation also provides a high-precision astrometric constraint.
The purpose of this dissertation was to explore how and to what extent supervised agricultural experience instruction is delivered in U.S. agricultural teacher education programs. Specific objectives ...of this dissertation were to synthesize supervised agricultural experience research published between 1994 and 2014, identify where and to what extent supervised agricultural experience instruction was included within agricultural teacher education programs, and describe the content of supervised agricultural experience curriculum materials within agricultural teacher education. Each of these objectives was examined as the purpose of a manuscript prepared for publication. To investigate the first research objective, an exhaustive search was conducted using library databases as well as digital journals and conference proceedings. Similar to the previous syntheses, research conducted between 1994 and 2014 was primarily descriptive, conceptually broad, and often limited to relatively small populations such as single states. The second objective was to identify where and to what extent supervised agricultural experience instruction was included within curricula in agriculture teacher education programs in the United States. The findings of this study showed that there was a broad range of instructional levels for each of the agricultural teacher preparation supervised agricultural experience competencies within individual teacher education programs. The third objective was to describe the content and placement of supervised agricultural experience curriculum within agricultural teacher education programs in course syllabi and other course materials. Eighty-eight documents from 28 agricultural teacher education programs were analyzed. Inductive coding using constant comparison revealed 10 themes addressed within the course materials provided in this study. Recordkeeping was the most common aspect of the supervised agricultural experience curriculum to be taught using an experiential or project-based method. Additional multistate and national studies are recommended to describe the content and context of supervised agricultural experience instruction in teacher education and to refine quality indicators related to supervised agricultural experience practice. It is also recommended that supervised agricultural experience competencies in agricultural teacher education be taught using inquiry-based or problem-solving methods guided by the experiential learning process to move preservice teachers beyond conceptual supervised agricultural experience knowledge by developing the knowledge and skills necessary to overcome the barriers to the implementation and management of supervised agricultural experience.
Abstract
In 2019, the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network (RECON) obtained multiple-chord occultation measurements of two Centaur objects: 2014 YY
49
on 2019 January 28 and 2013 ...NL
24
on 2019 September 4. RECON is a citizen-science telescope network designed to observe high-uncertainty occultations by outer solar system objects. Adopting circular models for the object profiles, we derive a radius
km and a geometric albedo
for 2014 YY
49
and a radius
km and a geometric albedo
for 2013 NL
24
. To the precision of these measurements, no atmosphere or rings are detected for either object. The two objects measured here are among the smallest distant objects measured with the stellar occultation technique. In addition to these geometric constraints, the occultation measurements provide astrometric constraints for these two Centaurs at a higher precision than has been feasible by direct imaging. To supplement the occultation results, we also present an analysis of color photometry from the Pan-STARRS surveys to constrain the rotational light curve amplitudes and spectral colors of these two Centaurs. We recommend that future work focus on photometry to more deliberately constrain the objects’ colors and light curve amplitudes and on follow-on occultation efforts informed by this astrometry.
Synesthesia is an unusual blending of the senses that occurs in about four percent or more of the human population. Much effort has been devoted to establishing criteria to define what synesthesia is ...ever since the phenomenon reemerged as a fascination within the scientific community in the late 1970s. To date, the most common criteria for synesthesia are that synesthetic experiences be automatic, consistent, rely on an external stimulus that triggers the phenomenological experience, and that this experience is fully conscious to the mind. This framework allows for some differentiation of synesthetes compared to non-synesthetes within the human population, and yet it also creates a self-selecting bias in the synesthetic population; if the scientific community defines criteria for synesthesia, and then only studies people whom fit those criteria, the resulting data will likely validate the definitions if only because they have been defined that way. What is left unknown are ways that synesthetes, as a community of otherwise normal human beings, vary in subtle ways, both in their psychophysical behavior and in their neurobiological form and function in relation to other human beings who do not experience any form of conscious, unusual sensory blendings yet defined as synesthesia. The studies described in this thesis explore whether perception in the population of individuals currently defined as synesthetes is in fact uniquely different from perception in the rest of the human population. These unique differences in perception are also used here to better inform our understanding of the functions of the human brain. Chapter 2 introduces the concept of perceptual binding and its relation to synesthesia. Some synesthetes experience colors that are associated with letters and numbers, and these so-called grapheme-color synesthetes may rely on similar brain mechanisms to bind their synesthetic colors to space as the ones they (and most humans) use to bind color to space normally. Chapter 3 addresses the question of binding with regard to an unusual phenomenon specific to grapheme-color synesthetes: that it is possible for some of these synesthetes to experience two colors that are spatially co-localized without blending. The results of this behavioral study will be shown to correlate with the vividness of visual imagery, a measure that extends beyond synesthetic phenomenology. Finally, Chapter 4 demonstrates how synesthetes differ from well-matched non-synesthetes in relation to behavior and the anatomy of the brain. Specifically, synesthetes have more vivid visual imagery as a population, more arborized white matter, and show a positive correlation between vivid imagery and increased axonal branching that is absent in non-synesthete controls. Together, these studies suggest that the brains of synesthetes rely on attention-specific mechanisms used by most humans to bind color to space. However, synesthesia as a whole may not simply be one end of a continuum of brain differences. Rather, synesthetes may be unique both in their phenomenological experiences of the world, and in some ways, the organization of the brain that creates them.
Synesthesia is an unusual blending of the senses that occurs in about four percent or more of the human population. Much effort has been devoted to establishing criteria to define what synesthesia is ...ever since the phenomenon reemerged as a fascination within the scientific community in the late 1970s. To date, the most common criteria for synesthesia are that synesthetic experiences be automatic, consistent, rely on an external stimulus that triggers the phenomenological experience, and that this experience is fully conscious to the mind. This framework allows for some differentiation of synesthetes compared to non-synesthetes within the human population, and yet it also creates a self-selecting bias in the synesthetic population; if the scientific community defines criteria for synesthesia, and then only studies people whom fit those criteria, the resulting data will likely validate the definitions if only because they have been defined that way. What is left unknown are ways that synesthetes, as a community of otherwise normal human beings, vary in subtle ways, both in their psychophysical behavior and in their neurobiological form and function in relation to other human beings who do not experience any form of conscious, unusual sensory blendings yet defined as synesthesia. The studies described in this thesis explore whether perception in the population of individuals currently defined as synesthetes is in fact uniquely different from perception in the rest of the human population. These unique differences in perception are also used here to better inform our understanding of the functions of the human brain. Chapter 2 introduces the concept of perceptual binding and its relation to synesthesia. Some synesthetes experience colors that are associated with letters and numbers, and these so-called grapheme-color synesthetes may rely on similar brain mechanisms to bind their synesthetic colors to space as the ones they (and most humans) use to bind color to space normally. Chapter 3 addresses the question of binding with regard to an unusual phenomenon specific to grapheme-color synesthetes: that it is possible for some of these synesthetes to experience two colors that are spatially co-localized without blending. The results of this behavioral study will be shown to correlate with the vividness of visual imagery, a measure that extends beyond synesthetic phenomenology. Finally, Chapter 4 demonstrates how synesthetes differ from well-matched non-synesthetes in relation to behavior and the anatomy of the brain. Specifically, synesthetes have more vivid visual imagery as a population, more arborized white matter, and show a positive correlation between vivid imagery and increased axonal branching that is absent in non-synesthete controls. Together, these studies suggest that the brains of synesthetes rely on attention-specific mechanisms used by most humans to bind color to space. However, synesthesia as a whole may not simply be one end of a continuum of brain differences. Rather, synesthetes may be unique both in their phenomenological experiences of the world, and in some ways, the organization of the brain that creates them.
A stellar occultation by the extreme large-perihelion trans-Neptunian object (541132) Lele\={a}k\={u}honua (also known by the provisional designation of 2015 TG387) was predicted by the Lucky Star ...project and observed with the Research and Education Collaborative Occultation Network on 2018 October 20 UT. A single detection and a nearby nondetection provide constraints for the size and albedo. When a circular profile is assumed, the radius is \(r={110}_{-10}^{+14}\) km, corresponding to a geometric albedo \({p}_{V}={0.21}_{-0.05}^{+0.03}\), for an adopted absolute magnitude of H V = 5.6, typical of other objects in dynamically similar orbits. The occultation also provides a high-precision astrometric constraint.
Detectives with the cold case squad hope time can help persuade witnesses who once feared for their lives to come forward and bring justice for Moaning. --
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