A case of myiasis due to Musca domestica describes in Pseudocerastes persicus for the first time. The snake was found in Bari Karafs, Kashan, Iran, with a lesion on its body. Fourteen live larvae of ...M. domestica removed from its wound. This is the first report of a new larval habitat of M. domestica.
Depletion of groundwater resources is nowadays being discussed as one of the most significant challenges in this field. Thus, simulation of the available groundwater resources seems necessary for ...taking reliable management measures for the plains. In the present study, a combination of various metaheuristic algorithms including feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN), the algorithm of innovative gunner (AIG), and black widow optimization (BWO) algorithm was employed to simulate the groundwater of the Selseleh plain located in the southwest of Iran during the period 2008–2018 on a monthly time scale. Furthermore, chicken swarm optimization (CSO) was adopted to optimize the weight coefficients. The data were divided with 70% being used for training purpose and the remaining 30% for test validation. Different statistical indices including the coefficient of determination (
R
2
), root-mean-square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient, and percentage of bias (PBIAS) were utilized for evaluation of the efficiency of modeling. The results illustrated that all the three hybrid models had better results in combinatory patterns. Moreover, the evaluation criteria suggested that among all the applied models, the ANN-AIG model was the only one possessing all statistical indices (e.g.,
R
2
= 0.964–0.995, RMSE = 0.273–0.71 m, MAE = 0.219–0.059 m, NSE = 0.886–0.978, and PBIAS = 0.002–0.001) in the validation stage. In a nutshell, this study suggested that among all the recommended hybrid models, ANN-AIG, ANN-BWO, and ANN-CSO reduced the simulation error compared to the standalone ANN model with (12.78–20.26)%, (10.13–17.61)%, and (9.27–1675)%, respectively.
The spatial distribution of droplets in a spray cloud created by wave-impact sea spray and the distribution of their sizes and velocities over a vessel deck are investigated. Existing mono-size and ...mono-velocity models of sea spray are not accurate enough for modelling marine icing phenomena. Wave-impact sea spray creates numerous droplets in front of and around a vessel. Droplets are the result of sheet and droplet breakup of sea water. The velocity-size dependence of the resultant droplets causes the creation of various sizes and velocities of droplets. A droplet trajectory method employs the velocity-size dependence of the droplets to find their spatial distributions in the cloud of spray over the vessel deck. Drag and body forces overcome the initial velocities of the droplets, and consequently, they follow the wind and gravitational directions. The motion of the droplets affects the shape and extent of the spray cloud over the vessel. A numerical scheme is used to find the distribution of sizes and velocities of the droplets over a vessel. Results show that neither the smallest nor the largest droplets reach the maximum height. The medium-sized droplets can reach the maximum height of the spray cloud. As the spray cloud travels over the deck, the droplet velocities become almost the same. Comparing the numerical results with field observations shows that the predicted results are consistent and have reasonable agreement with the field measurements.
Display omitted
•Wave-impact sea spray causes distributions of size and velocity over a vessel.•Largest and smallest droplets cannot reach the highest heights of the vessel.•Drag and body forces determine trajectories of droplets in a cloud of spray.•The extent of the spray over the MFV is compatible with the field observations.
In this paper we show that the gravitational field equations of
(
n
+
1
)
-dimensional topological black holes with constant horizon curvature, in cubic and quartic quasi-topological gravity, can be ...recast in the form of the first law of thermodynamics,
d
E
=
T
d
S
-
P
d
V
, at the black hole horizon. This procedure leads to extract an expression for the horizon entropy as well as the energy (mass) in terms of the horizon radius, which coincide exactly with those obtained in quasi-topological gravity by solving the field equations and using the Wald’s method. We also argue that this approach is powerful enough to be extended to all higher order quasi-topological gravity for extracting the corresponding entropy and energy in terms of horizon radius.
This article reviews several mathematical formulations including the corresponding boundary conditions for numerical predictions of solidification and melting. Emphasis is on techniques that are used ...in solving solid-liquid interface phenomena. The fixed grid enthalpy method is reviewed based on the solution techniques of conduction and convection related phase change problems. Variable grid methods are categorized and then analyzed based on their accuracy, computational efforts and convergence characteristics. The article concludes with some guidance for selecting the accurate solution techniques for solving solidification and melting problems.
An electrochemical cell with two ion-selective electrodes (Na
+
glass) and (Cl
-
solid state) was used to measure the mean ionic activity coefficient of NaCl in an aqueous mixture containing NaCl, ...glycine, and NaNO
3
at 308.15 K. The experiments were conducted at fixed molality of NaNO
3
(0.1 m) and various molalities of glycine (0–1 m) and NaCl (up to 0.8 m). The experimental data were modeled using a modified version of the Pitzer equation. Finally the activity coefficient ratio of glycine was determined based on the Maxwell equation.
An analytical model for heat conduction through brine-spongy ice is developed. This model fills a gap in knowledge related to transient heat conduction to a two-phase substrate which is crucial for ...modeling transient icing and deicing of cold surfaces in contact with salt water. The core of the model is based on the phase change of pure ice and brine pockets trapped in the structure of spongy ice. Freezing of brine pockets causes the release of the latent heat of fusion that is considered as the source of heat generation distributed throughout the brine-spongy ice. A nonlinear partial differential equation and a number of equations of state for ice, brine, and brine-spongy ice create governing equations of heat transfer through brine-spongy ice. A standard numerical scheme solves the set of equations in various initial conditions. The variation of temperature, volume fraction of brine and salinity of brine pockets are calculated numerically. Experimental samples of brine-spongy ice are examined under transient conditions and their surface temperatures are captured using an infrared thermal camera. The numerical results, which are for various overall salinities, are closely aligned with the measured surface temperatures.
This article presents a process of numerically predicting and experimentally verifying the dispersion quality and penetration level of fuel particles entering and moving in various directions ...relative to vortex engine walls. If the length scale of particles considered in this study is not comparable to the chamber length and, furthermore, the density is ignored, the effect of the particle on the flow field can be neglected and a one-way solution will be viable for the problem. The solutions in each case are carried out to estimate the particle trajectory and parameters affecting it. The governing equations are converted to a set of nonlinear, coupled, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of second order, and solved by a numerical scheme. The results indicate that a high centrifugal force pushes the particles toward the sidewall. This propelling force becomes more eminent when the particles approach the chamber center-position. Moreover, the results reveal that the best injection configuration in the vortex engine arrangement is simply not the head side arrangement; the sidewall, and end side composition arrangement of the injection demonstrates to provide the best desired outcomes.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
BFBNIB, DOBA, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this study, mitochondrial DNA analysis using 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was performed to investigate the phylogeny relationship of
Trichiurus lepturus
in the Persian Gulf compared to the other ...investigated area. The amplification of 16S rDNA resulted in a product of 600 bp in all samples. The results showed that the isolated strain belongs to
T. lepturus
showing 42 divergence sites among the same reported partial sequences of 16S rRNA gene from the other area (West Atlantic and Indo-Pacific area). Phylogeny results showed that all 18 haplotypes of the species clustered into five clades with reasonably high bootstrap support of values (>64%). Overall, the tree topology for both phylogenetic and phenetic trees for 16S rDNA was similar. Both trees exposed two major clusters, one wholly containing the haplotypes of the
T. lepturus
species belonging to Indo-Pacific area with two major sister groups including Persian Gulf specimen and the other cleared the Western Atlantic and Japan individuals clustered in another distinct clade supporting the differentiation between the two areas. Phylogenic relationship observed between the Persian Gulf and the other Indo-Pacific Individuals suggested homogeneity between two mentioned areas.
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