Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in many parts of the world. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV infections occurs when a person with primary immunity is infected by a second, different DENV ...strain. Antibodies to Zika virus (ZIKV), which emerged in the Western Hemisphere in 2015, are cross reactive with DENV and theoretically could provoke ADE in a DENV naïve individual. We report the first known patient in the United States with a rapidly progressive and fatal case of travel-associated DENV in which prior exposure to ZIKV likely played a role in triggering an ADE phenomenon. This association of prior ZIKV immunity and subsequent new dengue infection is a worrisome phenomenon and an important contribution to the body of knowledge on immunity to flaviviruses.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We characterized a case of neonatal conjunctivitis in New York, USA, caused by Neisseria meningitidis by using whole-genome sequencing. The case was a rare occurrence, and the isolate obtained ...belonged to an emerging clade (N. meningitidis US nongroupable urethritis) associated with an increase in cases of urethritis since 2015.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Invasive meningococcal disease can be difficult to detect early in its course when patients may appear well and the severity of their illness is obscured by non-specific complaints.
We report five ...cases of meningococcal sepsis in adult patients who presented to an emergency department early in the course of their disease, but whose severity of illness was not recognized.
Suspicion of meningococcal sepsis should be heightened in the setting of hypotension, tachycardia, elevated shock index, leukopaenia with left shift, thrombocytopaenia and hypokalaemia, prompting early sepsis care.
Objective
To evaluate the secondary attack rate (SAR) in children and adolescents, contacts of essential activities workers who were infected by SARS‐CoV‐2; and to describe associated clinical and ...epidemiological data.
Methods
A cross‐sectional study conducted in children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years of age, that were household contacts of parents and other relatives who were infected by SARS‐CoV‐2 in the city of Goiânia, Central Brazil, from March to October 2020. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected from all participants. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected and tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA using real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Factors associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and SAR were analyzed using Poisson regression.
Results
A total of 267 children and adolescents were investigated. The prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA by the real‐time RT‐PCR test and/or the presence of COVID‐19 associated symptoms (anosmia/ageusia and flu syndrome) was 25.1% (95.0% Confidence Interval 95.0% CI = 20.3‐30.6). More than half (55.1%) of the participants had sygns and symptoms. The most prevalent signs and symptoms in positive individuals were nasal congestion (62.7%), headache (55.2%), cough (50.8%), myalgia (47.8%), runny nose (47.8%), and anosmia (47.8%). The Poisson model showed that the following signs or symptoms were associated with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: fever, nasal congestion, decreased appetite, nausea, anosmia, and ageusia. Families that had more than one infected adult, in addition to the index case, presented greater transmissibility to children and adolescents.
Conclusions
Our results contribute to the hypothesis that children and adolescents are not important sources of transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 in the home environment during a period of social distancing and school closure; even though they are susceptible to infection in the household (around ¼ of our study population).
Background. When the 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus emerged in the United States, epidemiologic and clinical information about severe and fatal cases was limited. We report the first 47 fatal cases of ...2009 H1N1 influenza in New York City. Methods. The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene conducted enhanced surveillance for hospitalizations and deaths associated with 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus. We collected basic demographic and clinical information for all patients who died and compared abstracted data from medical records for a sample of hospitalized patients who died and hospitalized patients who survived. Results. From 24 April through 1 July 2009, 47 confirmed fatal cases of 2009 H1N1 influenza were reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Most decedents (60%) were ages 18–49 years, and only 4% were aged ⩾65 years. Many (79%) had underlying risk conditions for severe seasonal influenza, and 58% were obese according to their body mass index. Thirteen (28%) had evidence of invasive bacterial coinfection. Approximately 50% of the decedents had developed acute respiratory distress syndrome. Among all hospitalized patients, decedents had presented for hospitalization later (median, 3 vs 2 days after illness onset; P < .05) and received oseltamivir later (median, 6.5 vs 3 days; P < .01) than surviving patients. Hospitalized patients who died were less likely to have received oseltamivir within 2 days of hospitalization than hospitalized patients who survived (61% vs 96%; P < .01). Conclusions. With community-wide transmission of 2009 H1N1 influenza A virus, timely medical care and antiviral therapy should be considered for patients with severe influenza-like illness or with underlying risk conditions for complications from influenza.
INTRODUCTIONInvasive meningococcal disease can be difficult to detect early in its course when patients may appear well and the severity of their illness is obscured by non-specific complaints. CASE ...PRESENTATIONWe report five cases of meningococcal sepsis in adult patients who presented to an emergency department early in the course of their disease, but whose severity of illness was not recognized. CONCLUSIONSuspicion of meningococcal sepsis should be heightened in the setting of hypotension, tachycardia, elevated shock index, leukopaenia with left shift, thrombocytopaenia and hypokalaemia, prompting early sepsis care.
Abstract Confirmed and probable cases of invasive Neisseria meningitidis ( Nm ) infection are reportable in New York City. We conducted a study to identify Nm among culture-negative reports of ...bacterial and viral meningitis. During the study period, 262 reports of suspected meningitis were eligible. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 138 patients were obtained for testing. No Nm cases were detected. Results from real-time polymerase chain reaction and 16S on CSF specimens were concordant with hospital microbiology findings in 80%; however, other pathogenic organisms were detected in 14 culture-negative specimens. New York City's surveillance system appears to be effective at capturing cases of Nm meningitis. Nucleic acid testing is useful for detecting the presence of bacterial DNA when antibiotic therapy precedes lumbar puncture or bacterial cultures are negative. It remains unanswered whether culture-negative cases of Nm bacteremia are being missed by reportable disease surveillance.
En una multiplicidad de recorridos que se sitúan en la Universidad Nacional de Rosario, partimos de comprender a la extensión como lazo social y comunicacional que se construye y se convierte en ...mirada integral sobre los procesos de enseñanza–aprendizaje cuando acontece el encuentro que deviene en ecología de saberes. Así, el aula desborda sus límites materiales y simbólicos en la aparición de la alteridad que reconoce sujetos de derecho entramados en cuerpos individuales y sociales entre territorios dialogantes.
Zika virus has rapidly spread through the World Health Organization's Region of the Americas since being identified in Brazil in early 2015. Transmitted primarily through the bite of infected Aedes ...species mosquitoes, Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause spontaneous abortion and birth defects, including microcephaly (1,2). New York City (NYC) is home to a large number of persons who travel frequently to areas with active Zika virus transmission, including immigrants from these areas. In November 2015, the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) began developing and implementing plans for managing Zika virus and on February 1, 2016, activated its Incident Command System. During January 1-June 17, 2016, DOHMH coordinated diagnostic laboratory testing for 3,605 persons with travel-associated exposure, 182 (5.0%) of whom had confirmed Zika virus infection. Twenty (11.0%) confirmed patients were pregnant at the time of diagnosis. In addition, two cases of Zika virus-associated Guillain-Barré syndrome were diagnosed. DOHMH's response has focused on 1) identifying and diagnosing suspected cases; 2) educating the public and medical providers about Zika virus risks, transmission, and prevention strategies, particularly in areas with large populations of immigrants from areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission; 3) monitoring pregnant women with Zika virus infection and their fetuses and infants; 4) detecting local mosquito-borne transmission through both human and mosquito surveillance; and 5) modifying existing Culex mosquito control measures by targeting Aedes species of mosquitoes through the use of larvicides and adulticides.
Most fishing management systems in the world have long assessed and managed single-stocks over very large areas. The increasing use of the oceans and the problems faced by many fisheries have ...increased the trend to focus on spatial-based fisheries management. Most of the Brazilian industrial fisheries concentrate in the so-called "southeastern-south region" (SE/S), a large jurisdictional area exceeding 1600 km of latitudinal extent, along which industrial demersal fishing vessels operate quite unrestrictedly, resulting in large overlapping in their catch composition and fishing areas. Despite being essentially multi-specific, management of these fisheries is focused on a few target-species, with poor results in terms of sustainability. This paper aimed at identifying possible future spatial fishing management units for the region, based on the distribution of demersal stocks, depth, bottom characteristics and fishing dynamics from double-rig, pair and stern trawlers, bottom gillneters, bottom longliners and octopus potters which were landed in Santa Catarina harbors (southern Brazil) between 2010 and 2012. Based on these data and information from existing literature, six potential spatial units were proposed at coastal (<30 m depth), shelf (southeastern and southern sectors) (30 to 100 m), shelf break (100 to 250 m) and slope areas (>250 m). This new scheme represents a step forward in designing a final spatial management model for the SE/S industrial fisheries, improving a previous model published in the early 2000's and conforming, in general, to the three main subdivisions recognized for the South Brazil Large Marine Ecosystem. Keywords: fishing management, marine spatial planning, demersal fisheries, industrial fisheries, ecosystem approach in fisheries, southeastern-south Brazil. En el mundo la mayoria de los sistemas de manejo de pesquerias han evaluado y manejado stocks unicos en extensas areas. El aumento del uso de los oceanos y los problemas enfrentados por muchas pesquerias han generado un enfoque creciente de atencion en el manejo pesquero basado en areas. La mayor parte de las pesquerias industriales brasilenas se concentra en la llamada "region sureste y sur" (SE/S), una gran area jurisdiccional que excede 1600 km de extension latitudinal, donde los buques pesqueros involucrados en las pesquerias demersales industriales operan casi sin restriccion, resultando en una gran superposicion en la composicion de capturas y areas de pesca. Al ser estas esencialmente multi-especificas, el manejo de estas pesquerias se basa en un grupo pequeno de especies objetivo con resultados pobres en terminos de sustentabilidad. El articulo busca identificar posibles unidades de manejo pesquero espacial para la region, sobre la base de la distribucion de los stocks demersales, profundidad y tipos de fondo, asi como tambien en la dinamica de las flotas de arrastre dobles, arrastre simple, arrastre por parejas, enmalle de fondo, palangre de fondo y trampas para pulpo, las que desembarcaron sus capturas en los puertos de Santa Catarina (sur de Brasil) entre 2010 y 2012. Basado en estos datos y en informacion obtenida en la literatura, se propusieron seis unidades espaciales de manejo en la zona costera (<30 m de profundidad), plataforma continental (sectores sur y sureste, 100-250 m) y talud continental (>250 m). Este nuevo esquema representa un avance en el desarrollo de un mo delo de manejo espacial para las pesquerias industriales del SE/S, mejorando un modelo anterior publicado a inicios del 2000 y se ajusta en general, a las tres principales subdivisiones reconocidas para el Gran Ecosistema Marino del Sur de Brasil. Palabras clave: manejo pesquero, planificacion espacial marina, pesquerias demersales, pesquerias industriales, enfoque ecosistemico en la pesca, sureste y sur de Brasil.
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