Abstract
Recommender Systems (RecSys) have been around since the early days of the Internet, helping users navigate the vast ocean of information and the increasingly available options that have been ...available for us ever since. The range of tasks for which one could use a RecSys is expanding as the technical capabilities grow, with the disruption of Machine Learning representing a tipping point in this domain, as in many others. However, the increase of the technical capabilities of AI-powered RecSys did not come with a thorough consideration of their ethical implications and, despite being a well-established technical domain, the potential impacts of RecSys on their users are still under-assessed. This paper aims at filling this gap in regards to one of the main impacts of RecSys: personal autonomy. We first describe how technology can affect human values and a suitable methodology to identify these effects and mitigate potential harms: Value Sensitive Design (VSD). We use VSD to carry out a conceptual investigation of personal autonomy in the context of a generic RecSys and draw on a nuanced account of procedural autonomy to focus on two components: competence and authenticity. We provide the results of our inquiry as a value hierarchy and apply it to the design of a speculative RecSys as an example.
Kidney transplant may be a good choice to treat chronic renal failure even in patients with two or more previous renal grafts. However, there might be several surgical complications and other ...difficulties we have to deal with. The aim of this report is to analyze the third, fourth and fifth transplants performed in our center focusing on the surgical complications and graft and patient survivals.
We performed a retrospective analysis of the 73 third, fourth and fifth kidney transplants performed in our center between February 1975 and December 2015. Statistical analysis has been performed with IBM SPSS 23.0 software.
62 patients received a third graft, 10 received a fourth one and one patient received a fifth graft. The median age of the recipients was 48 years, while for donors it was 50. Median cold ischemia time was 21 hours. Transplantectomy was not necessary in 49.31% of the cases. In 59.7% of the cases the graft vessels were anastomosed to the external iliac vessels. There were 21 cases of relevant postoperative complications (27.4% of the total grafts). Vascular thrombosis appeared in 5.5%. After 49 months of follow-up, the 1-, 3-, and 5-year graft survival were 64.3%, 56.16% and 50.69%, respectively.
A new renal transplant in patients with two or more previous grafts is feasible, being necessary to individualize the cases. In spite of being more complex operations than previous transplants with a higher complication rate, we can obtain both acceptable graft and patient survival outcomes with an appropriate approach.
Angélica María Mateus Mora commence son livre, Cinéma et audiovisuel latino-américains. L’Indien : images et conflits, en constatant une lacune importante dans la recherche sur les cinémas ...latino-américains : « l’étude des représentations cinématographiques de l’Indien et du monde indien en Amérique latine, ainsi que l’analyse de leurs rapports avec les réalités sociales, culturelles ou ethnoculturelles du sous-continent, n’ont pas encore fait l’objet d’une recherche systématique » (p. 12). L...
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer that resembles developmental stages of the neural crest. It is not established what developmental processes neuroblastoma cancer cells represent. Here, we sought ...to reveal the phenotype of neuroblastoma cancer cells by comparing cancer (
= 19,723) with normal fetal adrenal single-cell transcriptomes (
= 57,972). Our principal finding was that the neuroblastoma cancer cell resembled fetal sympathoblasts, but no other fetal adrenal cell type. The sympathoblastic state was a universal feature of neuroblastoma cells, transcending cell cluster diversity, individual patients, and clinical phenotypes. We substantiated our findings in 650 neuroblastoma bulk transcriptomes and by integrating canonical features of the neuroblastoma genome with transcriptional signals. Overall, our observations indicate that a pan-neuroblastoma cancer cell state exists, which may be attractive for novel immunotherapeutic and targeted avenues.
Purpose
Organizations that offer services based on knowledge and innovation consider their recruitment process as strategic. The purpose of this paper is to consider that organizational lifecycle is ...related with the management styles through innovation climate and human dimension of recruitment.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors utilized two methods proposed by Adizes (1976, 1979, 2004). The first one is an inductive, exploratory method with a quantitative approach. The second one utilizes a qualitative approach through semi-structured interviews. The quantitative approach was performed with a questionnaire via internet. The target was executive managers from organizations with more than ten employees, which are offering professional, scientific and technical services. The authors obtained 170 responses.
Findings
Results show that the majority of organizations balance open innovation and control, trending to the first one. During the first stages of the organizational lifecycle, decision-making principally relays on the founder’s open innovation strategies, whereas in the last stages administrative-based control is predominant.
Research limitations/implications
The authors must highlight that this study has been performed for the case of services companies placed only in Mexico. Then, the extrapolation and generalization of results should be dealt carefully.
Practical implications
The authors consider the questionnaire very useful for the introduction of open innovation strategies for human resources managers, since it takes into account organizational lifecycle in their human dimension of recruitment processes, it helps to design training and retention programs for employees, and avoids premature aging of the company.
Social implications
Given that today, knowledge management and innovation have become strategic assets of companies, it is necessary a change of mentality in many organizations that facilitates a new perception on the development of innovation. This will only be possible with the firm support of the management of the company and the involvement of all employees in this new task.
Originality/value
Several studies analyze management styles in each stage of organization lifecycle, although they do not link the obtained information to open innovation and human dimension of the recruitment process. The authors work applies the questionnaire of Adizes (1976, 1979, 2004), which relates the organizational life cycle and the management style and discloses the proper management styles with recruiting, training and retention programs to keep flexibility above control to nurture open innovation.
Este artigo aborda o projeto de desenvolvimento cinematográfico conhecido como Nuevo Cine Latinoamericano a partir de uma análise do conceito de "novidade". Ele está centrado nas razões que levaram ...alguns cineastas, no final dos anos 1960, a considerar que seus filmes eram "novos". Analisa assim suas particularidades em relação aos novos cinemas europeus, com foco no viés revolucionário que adquire o termo "novo" na América Latina. Por fim, o conceito é estudado utilizando como fonte as declarações e os debates públicos dos festivais do Sodre, em Montevidéu (1958), Sestri Levante (1962 e 1963) e Viña del Mar (1967).
The genetic basis of human sex development is slowly being elucidated, and >40 different genetic causes of differences (or disorders) of sex development (DSDs) have now been reported. However, ...reaching a specific diagnosis using traditional approaches can be difficult, especially in adults where limited biochemical data may be available.
We used a targeted next-generation sequencing approach to analyze known and candidate genes for DSDs in individuals with no specific molecular diagnosis.
We studied 52 adult 46,XY women attending a single-center adult service, who were part of a larger cohort of 400 individuals. Classic conditions such as17
-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency type 3, 5
-reductase deficiency type 2, and androgen insensitivity syndrome were excluded. The study cohort had broad working diagnoses of complete gonadal dysgenesis (CGD) (n = 27) and partially virilized 46,XY DSD (pvDSD) (n = 25), a group that included partial gonadal dysgenesis and those with a broad "partial androgen insensitivity syndrome" label. Targeted sequencing of 180 genes was undertaken.
Overall, a likely genetic cause was found in 16 of 52 (30.8%) individuals (22.2% CGD, 40.0% pvDSD). Pathogenic variants were found in sex-determining region Y (SRY; n = 3), doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor 1 (DMRT1; n = 1), NR5A1/steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) (n = 1), and desert hedgehog (DHH; n = 1) in the CGD group, and in NR5A1 (n = 5), DHH (n = 1), and DEAH-box helicase 37 (DHX37; n = 4) in the pvDSD group.
Reaching a specific diagnosis can have clinical implications and provides insight into the role of these proteins in sex development. Next-generation sequencing approaches are invaluable, especially in adult populations or where diagnostic biochemistry is not possible.
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