Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death, and most colorectal cancer usually arises from colorectal adenomas. Removal of polyps reduces mortality from colorectal cancer. ...Colorectal adenomas are known to aggregate in families; however, the genetic determinants for risk of polyps are largely unknown.
In this study, we used data from the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study and the Tennessee-Indiana Adenoma Recurrence Study to conduct a GWAS of adenoma cases and controls. Our design consisted of discovery and replication phases for a total of 2,551 Caucasian adenoma cases and 3,285 Caucasian controls. We carried out logistic regression to test for association in both the discovery and replication phase and further examined the results with meta-analysis.
No single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) achieved a genome-wide significant P value; however, the most significantly associated SNPs were either previously associated with colorectal cancer in GWAS, such as rs10505477 in the gene POU5F1 odds ratio (OR) = 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.81-0.94; P = 4.4 × 10(-4)), or have been biologically linked to benign growths in other tissues, such as rs1919314 in the gene histone deacetylase 9 (OR = 1.32; 95% CI, 1.18-1.47; P = 1.1 × 10(-6)).
This study suggests that several SNPs may be related to adenoma risk and provides clues for future studies.
These results suggest that some known genetic risk factors of colorectal cancer are necessary but not sufficient for carcinogenesis.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic loci for various cancers. However, only one is for endometrial cancer.
We conducted a three-stage GWAS including 8,492 ...endometrial cancer cases and 16,596 controls. After analyzing 585,963 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 832 cases and 2,682 controls (stage I) from the Shanghai Endometrial Cancer Genetics Study, we selected the top 106 SNPs for in silico replication among 1,265 cases and 5,190 controls from the Australian/British Endometrial Cancer GWAS (stage II). Nine SNPs showed results consistent in direction with stage I with P < 0.1. These nine SNPs were investigated among 459 cases and 558 controls (stage IIIa) and six SNPs showed a direction of association consistent with stages I and II. These six SNPs, plus two additional SNPs selected on the basis of linkage disequilibrium and P values in stage II, were investigated among 5,936 cases and 8,166 controls from an additional 11 studies (stage IIIb).
SNP rs1202524, near the CAPN9 gene on chromosome 1q42.2, showed a consistent association with endometrial cancer risk across all three stages, with ORs of 1.09 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.16 for the A/G genotype and 1.17 (95% CI, 1.05-1.30) for the G/G genotype (P = 1.6 × 10(-4) in combined analyses of all samples). The association was stronger when limited to the endometrioid subtype, with ORs (95% CI) of 1.11 (1.04-1.18) and 1.21 (1.08-1.35), respectively (P = 2.4 × 10(-5)).
Chromosome 1q42.2 may host an endometrial cancer susceptibility locus.
This study identified a potential genetic locus for endometrial cancer risk.
Separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa has been attempted using ion-exchange column chromatography, with cation- and anion-exchange resins of low, intermediate, and high ionic strength. ...Examination of F-bodies on the Y chromosome of treated human sperm and progeny resulting from insemination of treated rabbit spermatozoa indicates that in none of the cases investigated did the treatment cause a separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. The treatment does appear to filter out dead rabbit (and bull) spermatozoa, but the possible beneficial effects of this phenomenon are as yet uninvestigated.
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