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•Dietary fructose causes non-alcoholic liver hepatosis.•Pomegranate alleviates the symptoms of the liver degeneration.•Proteomics revealed mechanisms behind the protection of ...pomegranate.•Bioactives from pomegranate are identified.
Deciphering the mechanisms underlying the direct association between fructose consumption and the onset and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), is of great importance for adopting potential nutritional strategies. Thus, an evaluation of the impact of sustained high fructose consumption on the liver physiology of Wistar rats was made. Moreover, the effectiveness of a dietary pomegranate-derived supplement (P) at counteracting fructose-induced liver injury was also assessed. For unveiling the underlying mechanisms, an untargeted proteomic analysis of the livers from nineteen Wistar rats fed on a basal commercial feed and supplemented with either drinking water (C) (n = 6), 30 % (w/v) fructose in drinking water (F) (n = 7) or 30 % (w/v) fructose solution plus 0.2 % (w/v) P (F+P) (n = 6) was assessed. Fructose intake severely increased the abundance of several energy-production related-proteins, such as fructose-bisphosphate aldolase or fatty acid synthase, among others, as well as diminished the amount of another ones, such as carnitine O-palmitoyl transferase or different subunits of acyl-coenzyme A oxidase. These changes could facilitate mitochondrial disturbances and oxidative stress. Regarding the hepatic proteome of F, P extract restored mitochondrial homeostasis and strengthened endogenous antioxidant mechanisms diminishing the amount of proteins involved in process that could increase the oxidative status, as well as increasing both the quantity of several proteins involved in proteasome functionality, as expressing changes in the amount of certain RNA-splicing related-proteins, regarding F proteome.
Objetivo. Estimar el porcentaje de infección respiratoria aguda (IRA) en menores de cinco años en las últimas dos semanas en México, de acuerdo con los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y ...Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022). Material y métodos. Se analizaron datos de la Ensanut Continua 2022. Resultados. El porcentaje de IRA fue de 27.6% (IC95%: 25.2,30.1). La prevalencia fue mayor en el primer tercil socioeconómico (44.1% IC95%: 38.0,50.4). El signo de alarma IRA más identificado fue “verse más enfermo” 33.0% (IC95%: 30.1,36.0) y el menos identificado fue “salir pus del oído” (1.5% IC95%: 0.9,2.7). Conclusiones. Las IRA afectan cerca de una tercera parte de los niños y las niñas menores de cinco años en México, particularmente de los hogares con menores capacidades económicas. Es necesario fortalecer las estrategias de prevención, entre ellas la vacunación, el control y la promoción de la salud.
Sexual issues have a high prevalence in people with rheumatic diseases, but they are not commonly discussed in clinical practice, so we aim to determine the relevance and frequency of addressing ...problems related to sexuality in Rheumatology clinical practice in Mexico. We obtained data from an electronic survey applied to Mexican physicians involved in Rheumatology practice. The questionnaire was adapted from a previous study. The responses were analyzed and presented with descriptive statistics. We received 75 responses, 52% were from women, with an average age of 35.5 years. Sixty-two (82.6%) participants considered problems related to sexuality as quite relevant to Rheumatology practice, but a lower proportion (10, 13.3%) approach them to the same extent. The main barriers to the management of sexual issues that we recognized were the patient’s embarrassment, patient´s age, and time. Most of our participants (62.7%) considered the rheumatologist as responsible for initiating the dialogue about sexual issues. Mexican rheumatologists consider sexual issues as relevant. Further training in sexuality is warranted for health care professionals attending people with rheumatic diseases.
In outbred populations such as Mexican Mestizos, the allele frequencies are fairly evenly distributed in most HLA loci with the exception of DPB1, in which only a few alleles account for the majority ...of the genes; this results in low levels of homozygosity, again, with the exception of DPB1, suggesting overdominant selection. The aim was to compare the HLA distribution and significance of variation in Mestizos form the Highlands vs. those from Oaxaca, emphasizing that the ancestry is more Mediterranean in the former, prevailing in Oaxaca the Amerindian and African ancestries.
We selected 103 Mestizos from the Highlands/Center, being 58.2% females and 41.8% males with an X age=37.7y. HLA A∗,B∗,C∗, DRB1∗,DQB1∗,DPB1, DNA genotyping was done by SBT on a 3500 ABI instrument. Allele frequency (AF) was calculated with the SPSS17 software; the haplotype (HF) analysis was assessed with the Arlequin 3.5.1.2 using the maximum likelihood method. Data were compared with those previously shown by NGS for 11 loci of 197 subjects from Oaxaca.
The prevalent alleles >5%: were: A∗02:01, ∗02∗06, ∗24:02, ∗01:01, ∗11:01; B∗39:05, ∗35:01, ∗14:02, ∗18:01, ∗51:01;C∗04:01, ∗07:02, ∗01:02, ∗07:01, ∗12:03, ∗03:04, ∗05:01;DRB1∗04:07, ∗08:02, ∗04:04, ∗03:01, ∗01:02, ∗07:01; DQB1∗03:02, ∗04:02, ∗03:01, ∗05:01;DPB1∗04:02, ∗02: 01, ∗04:01, ∗11:01. In Oaxaca however, the most frequent variants are: A∗02:01, ∗24:02, ∗02:06, ∗31:01, ∗68:01, ∗68:03, ∗02:05;B∗39:01, ∗35:01, ∗08:01, ∗51:01, ∗45:01; C∗07:02, ∗04:01, ∗01:02, ∗03:03; DRB1∗04:07, ∗08:02, ∗16:02, ∗03:01, ∗11:04, ∗14:06; DQB1∗03:02, ∗04:02, ∗03:01; ∗02:01; DPB1∗04:02, ∗02:01, ∗04:01, ∗03:01.
Great diversity exists in both groups, with a higher Mediterranean allele content in the highlands; the top 5 haplotypes found in here, are also shown in Sephardi Jews, Spanish and Lebanese. Three haplotypes are unique to Mexican Natives. Among the 10 main haplotypes present in Oaxaca, 5 exist in the Middle-East and in Sephardi Jews and 5 are unique to Mexican Natives, especially in those form Southern Mexico. In these populations, any novel allele may have been positively selected to enlarge the peptide-binding repertoire, and some are found with distinctive haplotype associations, suggesting that convergent evolution events may have also taken place.
AbstractAcute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is associated with increased short and long-term mortality. Animal models of liver failure have demonstrated that granulocyte-colony stimulating factor ...(G-CSF) accelerates the liver regeneration process and improves survival. However, clinical evidence regarding the use of G-CSF in ACLF remains scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the benefits and harms of G-CSF in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure. An electronic search was made in The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE and LILACS up to November 2013. Randomized clinical trials comparing the use of any regimen of G-CSF against placebo or no intervention in patients with ACLF were included. Primary outcomes included overal mortality, mortality due multi-organ failure, and adverse events. Relative risk (RR) and mean difference (MD) were used. Two trials involving 102 patients were included. A significant reduction in short-term overall mortality was observed in patients receiving G-CSF compared to controls (RR 0.56; 95%CI 0.39,0.80). G-CSF failed to reduce mortality secondary to gastrointestinal bleeding (RR 1.45; 95%CI 0.50, 4.27). Adverse effects reported included: fever, rash, herpes zoster, headache and nausea. In conclusion, the use of G-CSF for the treatment of patients with ACLF significantly reduced short-term mortality. While the evidence is still limited, the apparent benefit observed on short-term mortality, mild adverse effects and lack of an alternative therapy make the use of G-CSF in ACLF patients a reasonable alternative when liver transplantation is contraindicated or unavailable.
Objetivo. Evaluar la cobertura de vacunación en menores de siete años. Material y métodos. Estudio basado en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. Resultados. La cobertura ...de esquema completo en los niños menores de un año fue de 51.7% rango: de 67.6%, para la vacuna pentavalente (PV), a 93.9%, para la vacuna Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG); en los de 12-23 meses fue de 53.9% rango: de 68.5%, para la vacuna triple viral (SRP), a 98.3%, para la BCG, y en los de 24-35 meses, de 63.2% rango: de 85.3%, para la vacuna contra neumococo, a 98.6%, para la BCG. En niños de seis años, la cobertura de una dosis de SRP fue de 97.8%, y para dos dosis, de 50.7%. Sólo 2.2% de los niños de seis años no estaban vacunados. Las variables asociadas con esquema incompleto fueron edad de 2-5 meses, madre menor de 20 años o hablante de lengua indígena. Conclusiones. Debe mejorarse el reclutamiento de recién nacidos al programa de vacunación, así como su seguimiento, hasta completar el esquema, aprovechando los contactos con los servicios de salud para vacunarlos.
OBJETIVO: Describir la relación que establece un grupo de varones homosexuales entre la percepción del rechazo social a su homosexualidad, sus prácticas sexuales y el riesgo de VIH/sida. MATERIAL Y ...MÉTODOS: Se aplicaron entrevistas a profundidad a homosexuales de una universidad de la Ciudad de México reclutados mediante la técnica de "bola de nieve". Las entrevistas se grabaron y procesaron en el programa Atlas.ti y el análisis del discurso se realizó con el método denominado "teoría fundamentada". RESULTADOS: La experiencia de la homofobia que manifestaron los entrevistados generó sufrimiento psíquico, incluidos tristeza, miedo y conducta suicida, asociado con situaciones de riesgo para VIH/sida: escasa comunicación, baja negociación para usar el condón y prácticas de riesgo como la penetración anal. CONCLUSIONES: La homofobia, traducida en discriminación, incrementa la vulnerabilidad a la transmisión sexual del VIH.
The lack of efficient and cost-effective diagnostic tools contributes to poor control of tuberculosis in endemic countries. Moreover, host biological processes influence susceptibility, and infection ...resolution. It is well known that comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) affect the host immune response, making individuals more susceptible to
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
infection. Currently, there are no laboratory tools that can identify those subjects who have a higher risk of developing the disease. In this study, we used a whole blood mycobacterial growth inhibition assay to assess the immune response capacity to inhibit mycobacterial growth between healthy subjects and those living with DM2 with optimal and poor glycemic control. We also measured cytokine levels in the culture supernatant by cytokine bead arrays. We included 89 patients with DM2: 54 patients with optimal control (mean age 56.2 ± 11.75 years) and 35 patients with poor control (mean age 52.05 ± 9.94 years). We also included 44 healthy subjects as controls (mean age 42.12 ± 11.75 years). We compared the Δlog UFC (a value that represents the difference between mycobacterial growth in the control tube versus the subject’s blood) between each group. Our results demonstrate that patients with DM2 had a lower capacity to inhibit
M. tuberculosis
growth (Δlog UFC DM2 subjects 0.9581 (-0.3897 to 2.495)
vs
Δlog UFC healthy subjects 0.7190 (-0.2678 to 2.098); p=0.013). Comparing subjects living with DM2 (optimal and poor glycemic control)
vs
healthy subjects, we found only significant differences between healthy subjects and patients poorly controlled (Δlog UFC optimal control group 0.876 (-0.3897 to 2.495); Δlog UFC poor control group 1.078 (0.068 to 2.33); Δlog UFC healthy subjects 0.7190 (-0.2678 to 2.098); p= 0.022). Therefore, glycemic control assessed by glycosylated hemoglobin values influences the capacity of the host to control the infection. Our results confirm that the whole blood mycobacterial growth inhibition assay has potential utility as an
in vitro
marker of
M. tuberculosis
immunological control
in vivo
in subjects living with DM2. This assay can be used to evaluate the immune response of each individual against
M. tuberculosis
, allowing clinicians to choose a more specific host-directed therapy.
Objetivo. Comparar coberturas de vacunación en niños de 12-23 y 24-35 meses de edad de localidades menores de 100 000 habitantes en México, entre 2012 (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Ensanut ...2012) y 2018 (Ensanut 100k). Material y métodos. Estimación de coberturas con ambas encuestas. Resultados. Entre 2012 y 2018, se mantuvo la cobertura del Esquema básico, con comprobante y autorreporte, en niños de 12-23 (51.6 vs. 60.2%) y 24-35 meses (51.4 vs. 50.0%), y sólo con comprobante (53.9 vs. 51.3% y 52.8 vs. 44.2%). Se mantuvo la cobertura del Esquema básico más refuerzos en niños de 24-35 meses, comprobante y autorreporte (30.9 vs. 34.0%) y sólo con comprobante (30.2 vs. 27.8%). Disminuyeron las coberturas con segunda y tercera dosis de hepatitis B en niños de 12-23 y 24-35 meses, y con primera dosis de triple viral (SRP) y tercera de pentavalente en niños de 24-35 meses. Conclusiones. Se mantuvieron las coberturas del Esquema básico y Esquema básico más refuerzos aunque disminuyeron las coberturas con hepatitis B, pentavalente y SRP.
Objetivo. Estimar y comparar las prevalencias de infecciones respiratorias agudas (IRA) y enfermedades diarreicas agudas (EDA) en menores de cinco años, residentes en localidades con menos de 100 ...000 habitantes, mediante análisis de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición (Ensanut) 2012 y la Ensanut 100k (2018). En la Ensanut 100k se evaluaron los factores asociados con IRA y EDA. Material y métodos. Análisis de ambas encuestas e información meteorológica de la Comisión Nacional del Agua. Resultados. La prevalencia global estimada de IRA fue de 45.1% en 2012 vs. 32.9% en 2018. La disminución fue significativa en hogares de medianas y mayores capacidades económicas (CE). No se observaron cambios significativos para las EDA. En hogares con menores CE, las IRA se asociaron con material del techo y temperatura y las EDA con privación de agua entubada. Conclusiones. Entre 2012 y 2018, la prevalencia de IRA disminuyó en hogares de medianas y mayores CE. Algunas condiciones de vivienda y meteorológicas se asocian con IRA y EDA.
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