La diversification alimentaire est une étape de découverte de nouveaux goûts et textures pour les enfants et une période clé de formation des habitudes alimentaires. Les recommandations ...nutritionnelles françaises visent à limiter l’utilisation du sel et du sucre et à promouvoir l’ajout de matières grasses. La conduite de l’introduction des textures y est peu détaillée alors qu’elle pourrait conditionner l’acceptabilité future des aliments solides. Cette étude qualitative vise à comprendre les pratiques parentales et les freins éventuels concernant l’utilisation du sel, du sucre, du gras et l’introduction des textures dans l’alimentation des enfants.
Quinze parents d’enfants de 11 à 13 mois ont été interrogés. Dix parents avaient au préalable reçu des recommandations concernant l’introduction des textures (étude interventionnelle en cours). Les caractéristiques sociodémographiques du foyer, l’historique d’alimentation lactée, la diversification alimentaire et son évolution au cours de la première année ont été abordés à l’aide d’une grille d’entretien semi-directif. L’utilisation de sel, sucre, gras et des textures a été caractérisée à l’aide d’un jeu d’images afin de mettre en évidence d’éventuelles dissonances avec le discours.
Les parents déclarent utiliser peu de sel et de sucre (verbatim), cependant respectivement 5 et 6 enfants sur 15 y sont exposés via le partage de la table familiale ou la présence d’aînés (jeu d’images). Les matières grasses sont perçues négativement et seulement 7 enfants sur 15 y sont exposés via l’alimentation familiale. Pour les textures, les parents se réfèrent à la dentition de l’enfant et sont freinés par la peur de l’étouffement. Ils proposent plus facilement des purées pour gagner du temps et se réfèrent aux textures des petits pots du commerce. L’introduction des textures semble plus facile pour les mères multipares par effet d’expérience ou par mimétisme lorsque l’enfant partage la table familiale. Enfin, les recommandations proposées dans le cadre de l’étude interventionnelle semblent favoriser l’introduction de textures variées.
Le gras, le sel et le sucre sont rarement utilisés dans l’alimentation des enfants, cependant ces derniers y sont exposés dans le cadre de l’alimentation de la table familiale. La faible utilisation des matières grasses semble être expliquée par une confusion avec les recommandations PNNS destinées aux enfants de plus de 3 ans (« Évitez de manger trop gras, trop salé, trop sucré »). Le manque d’information concernant l’introduction des textures s’avère être un frein pour les parents. Ces travaux complètent les connaissances actuelles des pratiques de diversification alimentaire. La méthodologie proposée (approches verbale et non verbale) permettra de comprendre l’impact de recommandations d’introduction des textures à plus grande échelle.
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a heavy-ion detector studying the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The ALICE ...Data-AcQuisition (DAQ) system handles the data flow from the sub-detector electronics to the permanent data storage in the CERN computing center. The DAQ farm consists of about 1000 devices of many different types ranging from direct accessible machines to storage arrays and custom optical links. The system performance monitoring tool used during the LHC run 1 will be replaced by a new tool for run 2. This paper shows the results of an evaluation that has been conducted on six publicly available monitoring tools. The evaluation has been carried out by taking into account selection criteria such as scalability, flexibility, reliability as well as data collection methods and display. All the tools have been prototyped and evaluated according to those criteria. We will describe the considerations that have led to the selection of the Zabbix monitoring tool for the DAQ farm. The results of the tests conducted in the ALICE DAQ laboratory will be presented. In addition, the deployment of the software on the DAQ machines in terms of metrics collected and data collection methods will be described. We will illustrate how remote nodes are monitored with Zabbix by using SNMP-based agents and how DAQ specific metrics are retrieved and displayed. We will also show how the monitoring information is accessed and made available via the graphical user interface and how Zabbix communicates with the other DAQ online systems for notification and reporting.
A Large Ion Collider Experiment (ALICE) is the heavy-ion detector designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The ...online Data Quality Monitoring (DQM) plays an essential role in the experiment operation by providing shifters with immediate feedback on the data being recorded in order to quickly identify and overcome problems. An immediate access to the DQM results is needed not only by shifters in the control room but also by detector experts worldwide. As a consequence, a new web application has been developed to dynamically display and manipulate the ROOT-based objects produced by the DQM system in a flexible and user friendly interface. The architecture and design of the tool, its main features and the technologies that were used, both on the server and the client side, are described. In particular, we detail how we took advantage of the most recent ROOT JavaScript I O and web server library to give interactive access to ROOT objects stored in a database. We describe as well the use of modern web techniques and packages such as AJAX, DHTMLX and jQuery, which has been instrumental in the successful implementation of a reactive and efficient application. We finally present the resulting application and how code quality was ensured. We conclude with a roadmap for future technical and functional developments.
The ALICE DAQ infoLogger Chapeland, S; Carena, F; Carena, W ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
01/2014, Letnik:
513, Številka:
1
Journal Article
Recenzirano
Odprti dostop
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a heavy-ion experiment studying the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). The ALICE DAQ ...(Data Acquisition System) is based on a large farm of commodity hardware consisting of more than 600 devices (Linux PCs, storage, network switches). The DAQ reads the data transferred from the detectors through 500 dedicated optical links at an aggregated and sustained rate of up to 10 Gigabytes per second and stores at up to 2.5 Gigabytes per second. The infoLogger is the log system which collects centrally the messages issued by the thousands of processes running on the DAQ machines. It allows to report errors on the fly, and to keep a trace of runtime execution for later investigation. More than 500000 messages are stored every day in a MySQL database, in a structured table keeping track for each message of 16 indexing fields (e.g. time, host, user, ...). The total amount of logs for 2012 exceeds 75GB of data and 150 million rows. We present in this paper the architecture and implementation of this distributed logging system, consisting of a client programming API, local data collector processes, a central server, and interactive human interfaces. We review the operational experience during the 2012 run, in particular the actions taken to ensure shifters receive manageable and relevant content from the main log stream. Finally, we present the performance of this log system, and future evolutions.
MAD - Monitoring ALICE Dataflow Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Chapeland, S. ...
2014 19th IEEE-NPSS Real Time Conference
Conference Proceeding
Odprti dostop
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is the heavy-ion detector designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC). ...Following a successful Run 1 which ended in February 2013, the ALICE data acquisition (DAQ) entered a consolidation phase to prepare for Run 2 which will start in the beginning of 2015. One of the identified points for improvement was the monitoring of the experiment dataflow - from the data arrival on the DAQ farm via the readout links up to its shipment to CERN's main computer centre. To address this requirement, the ALICE MAD (Monitoring ALICE Dataflow) system was developed. MAD uses the MonALISA framework as core module to gather, process, aggregate and distribute monitoring values from the different processes running in the distributed DAQ farm. It allows for data not only to be pulled from the data sources but also to be pushed by dedicated data collectors or the data source processes themselves. To provide a complete view of the data acquisition status, the set of monitored metrics vary from the backpressure status on the readout links to event counters in each of the DAQ nodes and aggregated data rates for the whole data acquisition. MAD also injects alarms in the Orthos alarming facility whenever abnormal conditions are detected. To support the ALICE shift crew, MAD interfaces with a dedicated web-based GUI that uses WebSockets to provide dynamic and on-time status displays. Designed as a widget-based system, it allows not only an easy integration of new visualization blocks but also customization of the information displayed to the shift crew based on the ALICE activities.
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a detector dedicated to the studies with heavy ion collisions exploring the physics of strongly interacting nuclear matter and the quark-gluon plasma at the ...CERN LHC (Large Hadron Collider). After the second long shutdown of the LHC, the ALICE Experiment will be upgraded to make high precision measurements of rare probes at low pT, which cannot be selected with a trigger, and therefore require a very large sample of events recorded on tape. The online computing system will be completely redesigned to address the major challenge of sampling the full 50 kHz Pb-Pb interaction rate increasing the present limit by a factor of 100. This upgrade will also include the continuous un-triggered read-out of two detectors: ITS (Inner Tracking System) and TPC (Time Projection Chamber)) producing a sustained throughput of 1 TB/s. This unprecedented data rate will be reduced by adopting an entirely new strategy where calibration and reconstruction are performed online, and only the reconstruction results are stored while the raw data are discarded. This system, already demonstrated in production on the TPC data since 2011, will be optimized for the online usage of reconstruction algorithms. This implies much tighter coupling between online and offline computing systems. An R&D program has been set up to meet this huge challenge. The object of this paper is to present this program and its first results.
Inferential evidence indicates that macular pigments (lutein and zeaxanthin) protect photoreceptors and/or retard age-related macular degeneration. These experiments tested the hypothesis that ...retinal zeaxanthin prevents light-induced photoreceptor cell death.
Retinal damage was assessed in quail fed a carotenoid-deficient (C-) diet for 6 months. Groups of 16 birds (8 male, 8 female) were fed a C- diet supplemented with 35 mg 3R,3'R-zeaxanthin for 1, 3, or 7 days; one group was continued on C- diets. Half of each group was exposed to intermittent 3200-lux white light (10 1-hour intervals separated by 2 hours in dark). After 14 additional hours in the dark, one retina of each quail was collected for HPLC analysis, and the contralateral retina was embedded in paraffin for counts of apoptotic nuclei.
After 7 days' supplementation, concentrations of zeaxanthin in serum, liver, and fat had increased by factors of 50.8, 43.2, and 6.5, respectively (all P < 0.001). In contrast, retinal zeaxanthin fluctuated significantly upward on day 3, but there was no net change on day 7. The number of apoptotic rods and cones in light-damaged eyes correlated significantly and inversely with zeaxanthin concentration in the contralateral retina (r = -0.61; P < 0.0001 and r = -0.54; P < 0.002), but not with serum zeaxanthin. Similar correlations were observed with retinal lutein, which correlated strongly with retinal zeaxanthin (r = 0.95; P < 0.0001).
Retinal zeaxanthin dose dependently reduced light-induced photoreceptor apoptosis; elevated serum levels did not. These data provide the first experimental evidence that xanthophyll carotenoids protect photoreceptors in vivo.
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