Synthetic colorants used for dye and mordant purposes in textile industries are currently causing environmental problems in the world. The usage of these synthetic colorants is a major health problem ...and harms the environment. For this reason, synthetic colorants should be replaced by natural colorants. Therefore, this study aimed to extract natural dye stuff from spent coffee ground and bio-mordant from mango bark. The raw materials were collected, washed, dried, crushed and their physico-chemical properties were determined. Finally, the samples were extracted by using the solvent extraction method. During the extraction process, the central composite design method (CCD) was used to analyze and optimize the effect of dosage (g/l), temperature (℃) and time (min). The maximum natural dye yield value of 18.41% was obtained at a dosage of 60 g/l, temperature of 70°C and time of 90 min. Also, the highest natural mordant yield of 19.03% was achieved at the value of 45 g/l, 70°C and 90 min. The fastness properties of dyed and mordanted cotton fabric results were within a range of acceptable standard values. Therefore, using spent coffee grounds for natural dyes and mango bark for natural mordant can be a feasible commercial alternative to synthetic dyes in textile and dyeing industries.
Wastewater treatment with chemical coagulants has a variety of drawbacks, including sludge management, cost, concerns for human health, and environmental pollution. In light of this, a study was ...conducted to determine whether banana plant stem (Musa acuminate) made coagulant can effectively reduce turbidity (NTU) of wastewater. In this study, conventional extraction method was used to extract the coagulant from the banana plant stem by using NaCl (0.1, 0.5, 1 M) solvent. After extraction, the coagulation efficiency of each produced coagulant was computed in terms of their turbidity removal efficiency (%) from sampled wastewater. The sampled wastewater had an average turbidity value of 893 NTU. Response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were used to study the effects of NaCl solvent concentration (M), extraction time (min), and particle size (mm) on the coagulation efficiency (%) of the extracted coagulant. In addition, the coagulant was characterized such as FTIR analysis, point of zero charge value determination, and inulin compound presence analysis. From all prepared coagulants, the maximum coagulation efficiency obtained was 86.3% at the optimum conditions, such as 0.55 M (NaCl) of solvent concentration, 1.25 mm particle size, and 20 min of extraction time. The characterized coagulant had 6.2 points of zero charge value and also had various types of functional groups. Based on the findings of this study, it can be said that the coagulant prepared from banana stems (Musa acuminate) was an efficient natural coagulant that could be applied to treat wastewater.
Introduction Cancer, the most stressful event a person may experience often triggers depression. Depression among these groups of people, in turn, affects chemotherapy adherence, length of ...hospitalization, quality of life and cancer treatment outcome. Even though the problem is enormous studies that address it are limited. Therefore this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression and associated factors among cancer patients on chemotherapy in Felege-Hiwot referral hospital and University of Gondar referral hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to May 2019. A total of 302 cancer patients on chemotherapy were included. Depression was assessed using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9). Binary logistic regression was used to select variables and determine Crude Odds Ratio (COR). Variables with P value 0.2 were entered into multivariable logistic regression. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals for variables with P-value 0.05 was estimated to show factors affecting depression among cancer patients. The fitness of the model was checked by using the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test. Results The prevalence of depression among cancer patients on chemotherapy was 70.86% (95% CI: 65.38, 75.92). Educational status of college and above (AOR = 0.1, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.43), Jobless (AOR = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.58), Underweight(AOR = 2.39, 95% CI: 1.10, 5.19)chemotherapy duration greater than or equal to 6 months or more (AOR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.16, 4.79) were notably associated with depression. Conclusion The burden of depression among cancer patients in this study was high. We recommend concerned bodies working to curve the problem to intervene based on the identified risk factors. Improving educational status, reducing work stress and maintaining normal weight would reduce depression.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background. The surgical operation room is a known stressor workplace. Occupational stress can cause negative impacts on the personal well-being of healthcare professionals, health services, and ...patient care. Since there was limited research evidence in Ethiopia and the developing world, we aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with occupational stress among operation room clinicians at university hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. Methodology. After ethical approval was obtained, a cross-sectional census was conducted from May 10 to June 10, 2021. The United Kingdom Health and Safety Executive’s Management Standards Work-Related Stress Indicator Tool was used to assess occupational stress. Data were collected from 388 operation room clinicians and analysed by using binary logistic regression analysis. Results. The prevalence of occupational stress was 78.4%. Rotating work shifts (AOR: 2.1, CI: 1.1–4.7), working more than 80 hours per week (AOR: 3.3, CI: 1.5–3.8), use of recreational substances (AOR: 2.1, CI: 1.1–3.8), being an anesthetist (AOR: 4.1, CI: 1.7–10.0), and being a nurse (AOR: 4.0, CI: 1.7–9.7) were found significantly associated with occupational stress. Conclusion. We found that there was high prevalence of occupational stress among operation room clinicians and factors associated with occupational stress were rotating work shifts, working more than 80 hours per week, use of recreational substances, being an anesthetist, and being a nurse. Hospitals are advised to arrange occupational health services for operation room clinicians, prepare sustainable training focused on occupational health, and reorganize shifts, working hours, and staffing.
Anemia is more prevalent among women, and it is a moderate public health problem in Ethiopia. The wealth status and place of residence of a woman have implications on the intervention of anemia. ...Studies that examined the relationship between women's wealth index status and residency in Ethiopia are scarce. We aimed to identify the urban-rural differential in the association between household wealth index and anemia among women of childbearing age in Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional design was employed with a nationally representative sample of 14,100 women aged 15-49-year-old from the Ethiopian demographic and health survey conducted in 2016. We used the two-stage sampling method to select the sample size. The primary outcome was anemia in women of childbearing age. A hemoglobin level of below 11 g/dl for pregnant women and 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women was the indicator of anemia. Using a three-level random intercept model to explore associated factors at the individual and household levels quantified the observed and unobserved variations between household wealth index and residence on anemia.
Women belonging to a lower household wealth index category were more anemic (29.6%) than those middle and above wealth index categories. Women who lived in rural areas (25.5%) were prone to anemia than those who lived in urban areas (17.5%). The odds of anemia were significantly higher in women of the low household wealth category who living in rural compared to women of the middle and above household wealth category who living in urban (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14-1.65, P < 0.001).
In this study, anemia is more common among women who live in rural with the low house wealth category. Therefore, novel public health interventions should target women who live in rural areas with the lowest household wealth status.
Tuberculosis is one of the world's most common causes of death in the era of Human immunodeficiency virus. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of TB/HIV ...co-infection.
Hospital based retrospective studies were conducted among adult HIV-positive patients. Logistic regression method and Chi square test were applied.
A total of 571 HIV positive study participants were enrolled. Of these, 158 (27.7%) were found to have pulmonary tuberculosis. Lower baseline CD4 count<200cell/µl, patients who drunk alcohol, patients who were ambulatory at the initiation of ART, patients whose marital status was single were significant predictors for increased risk of tuberculosis in PLWHIV (P <0.05). Non smoker patients, patients in WHO clinical stage I, patients in WHO clinical stage II and ownership of the house had significant protective benefit against risk of TB (P <0.05).
The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection in adults on ART in our study was moderately high. Having advanced clinical status and presence of risk factors were found to be the predicting factors for co-infection. The health office should open TB/HIV co-infection units in the hospitals and health workers should be cautious when a patient has an advanced disease.
Suicide is a worldwide public health issue and considered as a psychiatric emergency. The majority of all completed suicides occur in low- and middle-income countries. A diagnosis of cancer has been ...associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation and suicide is one of the leading causes of non-cancer-related mortality among cancer patients in recent years. Suicidal ideation is four times higher in cancer patients than in the general population. There is limited evidence on suicidal ideation on patients diagnosed with cancer in Ethiopia as well as in African countries.
To assess the magnitude and associated factors of suicide ideation among cancer patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2019.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 1 to 30, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used and a total of 410 of cancer patients participated in the study. Data were collected using the Suicide Manual of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) questionnaire. Data were coded, entered into EpiData manager version 4.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Descriptive, analytical statistical procedures, bivariable, multivariable logistic regression with odds ratio, 95% confidence interval were employed. The statistical significance was declared at
-value <0.05.
The finding of the present study on magnitude of suicidal ideation among cancer patients were 28.5% with 95%CI: 24.1-33.2, respectively. In multivariable logistic regression analysis being female advanced stage, perceived stigma and anxiety was significantly associated with suicidal ideation.
The magnitude of suicidal ideation among cancer patients was higher than in the general population. It also reported that, advanced stage, perceived stigma, anxiety and being female were factors significantly associated with suicidal ideation. This study gives us clues that cancer patients are prone to suicide ideation. Therefore, cancer patients need special attention to reduce these problems.
Up-to-date digital soil resource information and its comprehensive understanding are crucial to supporting crop production and sustainable agricultural development. Generating such information ...through conventional approaches consumes time and resources, and is difficult for developing countries. In Ethiopia, the soil resource map that was in use is qualitative, dated (since 1984), and small scaled (1 : 2 M), which limit its practical applicability. Yet, a large legacy soil profile dataset accumulated over time and the emerging machine-learning modeling approaches can help in generating a high-quality quantitative digital soil map that can provide better soil information. Thus, a group of researchers formed a Coalition of the Willing for soil and agronomy data-sharing and collated about 20 000 soil profile data and stored them in a central database. The data were cleaned and harmonized using the latest soil profile data template and 14 681 profile data were prepared for modeling. Random forest was used to develop a continuous quantitative digital map of 18 World Reference Base (WRB) soil groups at 250 m resolution by integrating environmental covariates representing major soil-forming factors. The map was validated by experts through a rigorous process involving senior soil specialists or pedologists checking the map based on purposely selected district-level geographic windows across Ethiopia. The map is expected to be of tremendous value for soil management and other land-based development planning, given its improved spatial resolution and quantitative digital representation.
Postspinal anesthesia shivering is a common complication during spinal anesthesia. It is very unpleasant and physiologically stressful for patients and challenging for healthcare providers. Shivering ...could be treated with tramadol or pethidine. However, the comparative effectiveness of one drug over the other drug has not been proven with a low-drug setup.
To compare the effect of intravenous tramadol versus pethidine on postspinal shivering control among obstetric mothers who underwent cesarean section.
A prospective cohort study design was conducted on 180 ASA (American Society of Anesthesiology) I and II obstetric mothers. A systematic random sampling method was employed. Data were entered into EpiData version 4.6 and exported into SPSS version 25 for analysis. The independent sample
test was used to compare the difference of means between groups for normally distributed data, and the Mann-Whitney
test was used for non-normally distributed data. Categorical data were analyzed using the chi-squared test. Data were presented by mean±standard deviation for normally distributed data and median and interquartile range for non-normally distributed data. Categorical data were presented as numbers and frequencies.
values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
One hundred eighty participants were used for analysis. The mean time of shivering disappearance was 5.5±1.75 min and 6.6±2.08 min in tramadol and pethidine groups, respectively (
<0.001). The hemodynamic changes were all comparable between the two groups. The difference in the recurrence of shivering after treatment was significant between the groups (
<0.001). Sedation was higher in the pethidine group, 9 (10%), than in the tramadol group, 2 (2.2%). Nausea and vomiting were found to be higher in the tramadol group, 10 (11.1%), than in the pethidine group, 5 (5.6%).
Tramadol controlled shivering early, and recurrence of shivering and incidence of sedation were also low in the tramadol group. Therefore, tramadol is as effective as pethidine for the treatment of postspinal shivering in obstetric mothers who underwent cesarean delivery. So tramadol can be used as an alternative for postspinal shivering in obstetric mothers.
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