Abstract
Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which featuring helical phase front, have been regarded as an alternative spatial degree of freedom for optical mode coding and ...multiplexing. For most reported OAM-based mode coding schemes, data information is only encoded by different OAM mode states. In this paper, we introduce a novel design technique to construct vortex array phase grating (VAPGs) for the flexible generation of vortex arrays, and employ the proposed VAPGs to realize multi-dimensional space/mode/amplitude coding/decoding. By designing VAPGs with different parameters and loading them on to a single spatial light modulator (SLM), we successfully generate vortex array with different mode states and relative power in the experiments. Moreover, a 10-bit multi-dimensional space/mode/amplitude data coding/decoding scheme for image transfer in free-space link with a zero bit-error-rate is experimentally demonstrated, which confirm the feasibility of our proposed VAPG-based coding/decoding scheme.
To determine the nationwide status of persistent BVDV infection in different bovine species in China and compare different test methods, a total of 1379 serum samples from clinical healthy dairy ...cattle, beef cattle, yaks (Bos grunniens), and water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) were collected in eight provinces of China from 2010 to 2013. The samples were analyzed using commercial antibody (Ab) and antigen (Ag) detection kits, and RT-PCR based on the 5'-UTR and Npro gene sequencing. Results showed that the overall positive rates for BVDV Ab, Ag and RT-PCR detection were 58.09% (801/1379), 1.39% (14/1010), and 22.64% (146/645), respectively, while the individual positive rates varied among regions, species, and farms. The average Ab-positive rates for dairy cattle, beef cattle, yaks, and water buffalo were 89.49% (298/333), 63.27% (248/392), 45.38% (236/520), and 14.18% (19/134), respectively, while the Ag-positive rates were 0.00% (0/116), 0.77% (3/392), 0.82% (3/368), and 5.97% (8/134), respectively, and the nucleic acid-positive rates detected by RT-PCR were 32.06% (42/131), 13.00% (26/200), 28.89% (52/180), and 19.40% (26/134), respectively. In addition, the RT-PCR products were sequenced and 124 5'-UTR sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis of the 5'-UTR sequences indicated that all of the 124 BVDV-positive samples were BVDV-1 and subtyped into either BVDV-1b (33.06%), BVDV-1m (49.19%), or a new cluster, designated as BVDV-1u (17.74%). Phylogenetic analysis based on Npro sequences confirmed this novel subtype. In conclusion, this study revealed the prevalence of BVDV-1 in bovine species in China and the dominant subtypes. The high proportion of bovines with detectable viral nucleic acids in the sera, even in the presence of high Ab levels, revealed a serious threat to bovine health.
Celotno besedilo
Dostopno za:
DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A facile strategy using cheap and readily available precursors has been successfully developed for the synthesis of rare-earth doped hexagonal phase NaYF4 nanocrystals with uniform shape and small ...particle size as well as strong photoluminescence. Due to their optical properties and good biocornpatibility, these multicolor nanocrystals were successfully used as a bio-tag for cancer cell imaging. This novel synthetic method should also be capable of extension to the synthesis of other fluoride nanocrystals such as YF3 and LaF3.
Important strides have been made toward understanding the relationship between self-efficacy and life satisfaction. However, existing studies have largely focused on work and academic domains, ...leaving self-efficacy in the finance domain less frequently investigated. The present study applied the self-efficacy construct to the finance domain, namely "financial self-efficacy" (FSE), and tested the sequential mediating roles of high standards tendency and investment satisfaction in the relationship between FSE and general life satisfaction. A total of 323 employees from finance-related businesses completed anonymous questionnaires regarding FSE, high standards tendency, investment satisfaction, and general life satisfaction. Results indicated that FSE influenced general life satisfaction through investment satisfaction, and sequentially through high standards tendency and investment satisfaction. These results provide contributions to the current literature on life satisfaction, and positive psychology literature by shedding light on the roles of high standards tendency and investment satisfaction in the relation between FSE and general life satisfaction.
Extensive explorations are undertaken of the feasibility of utilizing self-phase modulation (SPM) to mitigate the channel fading effect associated with digital-orthogonal-filtering-enabled ...software-reconfigurable intensity-modulation direct-detection passive optical networks (PONs). A comprehensive theoretical model is developed and subsequently verified, based on which numerical simulations are undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of the effects of both SPM and adaptive channel power loading in maximizing the signal transmission capacity of each individual channel in the aforementioned PON systems. It is shown that, for the channel experiencing the worst channel fading effect, the SPM effect can enhance its transmission capacity by a factor as large as 2, and a further 45% transmission capacity improvement is also obtainable when adaptive channel power loading is applied. The signal transmission capacity improvement enabled by the coexistence of these two effects increases almost linearly with transmission distance. The research work not only provides a new means for dynamically manipulating the signal transmission capacity of each individual channel, but also allows the utilization of low-cost optical components without comprising the overall PON system performance.
Inflammatory indexes, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), have been ...confirmed as prognostic factors in multiple manigances. However, the prognostic value of these parameters in bevacizumab-treated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is still not clear.
We retrospectively studied 119 patients with advanced NSCLC who received bevacizumab treatment. The associations of pretreatment NLR, PLR, SII and LMR with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.
The median PFS and OS of patients with high baseline NLR, PLR and SII and low LMR were significantly decreased than those of patients with low baseline NLR, PLR and SII and high LMR. Multivariable analysis indicated that high baseline SII was independently related with inferior prognosis, and baseline LMR was an independent predictor for OS.
In this study we retrospectively studied 119 patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer receiving bevacizumab treatment. We found that the prognosis of the patients with high baseline neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and low lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) were significantly poorer than those in patients with low baseline NLR, PLR and SII and high LMR. Multivariable analysis indicated that high baseline SII was independently related with inferior progression-free survival and overall survival, and that baseline LMR was an independent predictor for overall survival. This study suggests that we can predict the efficacy of bevacizumab by analyzing several blood cell count indexes.
We propose a modified method of constant modulus algorithm (CMA) based on polarization demultiplexing in Stokes space for polarization demultiplexing (SS-PDM) in optical coherent receivers. SS-PDM ...can tolerate chromatic dispersion (CD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL), but is sensitive to PMD. On the other hand, the CMA with high-order FIR filters could compensate for polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) effectively, but suffers from the singularity problem which results from PDL. Therefore, we use the polarization rotation matrix estimated by SS-PDM to set the initial center taps of the CMA. The singularity problem of the CMA is avoided effectively in a much wider range of PDL and its convergence speed is also improved. We demonstrate this modified CMA in a simulation of 100-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK with PDL of 1, 3, and 5 dB, respectively. PDL is emulated by attenuating one polarization tributary before polarization multiplexing and the interaction between PDL and PMD is ignored. The singularity problem disappears as expected. Because the tolerance of PDL is affected by DGD, we further investigate the PDL tolerance under different DGD. Finally, we conduct the simulation of 100-Gbit/s PDM-QPSK with PDL of 3 dB over 3000 km SSMF and 4000 km SSMF separately. The convergence speed accelerates indeed compared with that of the conventional CMA.
Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), caused by bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), is an important disease affecting cattle worldwide resulting in great economic losses. Marker vaccines are ...effective in controlling infectious diseases including IBR, because they allow the discrimination between the natural infection and the vaccination. Therefore, a triple gene deleted strain BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- was developed and evaluated in vivo and in vitro as a marker vaccine. In cell culture, this triple mutant virus showed significantly slower growth kinetics and smaller plaques when compared to wild-type (wt) BoHV-1 and double mutant BoHV-1 gG-/tk- (p < 0.01). On proteomic level, it revealed downregulation of some virulence related proteins including thymidine kinase, glycoproteins G, E, I, and K when compared to the wt. In vitro, the triple mutant virus showed a significantly lower and shorter viral shedding period (p < 0.001) in calves compared to double mutant. Moreover, the immunized calves with triple mutant virus showed protection rates of 64.2% and 68.6% against wt BoHV-1 and wt BoHV-5 challenge, respectively, without reactivation of latency after dexamethasone injection. In conclusion, BoHV-1 gG-/tk-/gE- is a safer marker vaccine against IBR although its immunogenicity in calves was decreased when compared to double mutant virus.
The overhead of cyclic prefix (CP) in coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) tends to be too large for high-speed and long-haul optical fiber transmissions. We discuss and experimentally demonstrate a ...transmission of reduced guard interval OFDM (RGI-OFDM) with much reduced CP overhead based on digital sub-band demultiplexing. The proposed techniques are used to process a 66.7-Gb/s RGI-CO-OFDM signal ( ~ 20-GHz bandwidth) after 5440-km fiber transmission. The experiments show that it can reduce the overhead from 36.7% to 12.5%. We also optimize the digital signal processing in the filter bank for a better performance.
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