Oxidative stress and changes in antioxidant status have been implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and free radicals can cause considerable damage to the ...acetylcholine receptors. 388 individuals, including 97 patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), 135 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and 156 healthy controls, were assessed for serum levels of bilirubin and uric acid (UA), in order to determine the levels of these natural antioxidants in the serum. We found that serum UA levels in patients with MG were significantly lower (266.03 ± 93.09 μmol/l) compared with those of the healthy control group (338.87 ± 107.10 μmol/l, p = 0.001). However, there was no significant difference of serum UA levels between patients with MG and those with MS (p = 0.071). We also found that serum levels of total, direct and indirect bilirubin in patients with MG were significantly lower, compared with those in the healthy control group, whether male or female. From this study, we conclude that serum levels of bilirubin and UA are lower in MG patients.
The rhizosphere microbiota plays a critical and crucial role in plant health and growth, assisting plants in resisting adverse stresses, including soil salinity. Plastic film mulching is an important ...method to adjust soil properties and improve crop yield, especially in saline-alkali soil. However, it remains unclear whether and to what extent the association between these improvements and rhizosphere microbiota exists. Here, from a field survey and a greenhouse mesocosm experiment, we found that mulching plastic films on saline-alkali soil can promote the growth of soybeans in the field. Results of the greenhouse experiment showed that soybeans grew better in unsterilized saline-alkali soil than in sterilized saline-alkali soil under plastic film mulching. By detecting the variations in soil properties and analyzing the high-throughput sequencing data, we found that with the effect of film mulching, soil moisture content was effectively maintained, soil salinity was obviously reduced, and rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities were significantly changed. Ulteriorly, correlation analysis methods were applied. The optimization of soil properties ameliorated the survival conditions of soil microbes and promoted the increase in relative abundance of potential beneficial microorganisms, contributing to the growth of soybeans. Furthermore, the classification of potential key rhizosphere microbial OTUs were identified. In summary, our study suggests the important influence of soil properties as drivers on the alteration of rhizosphere microbial communities and indicates the important role of rhizosphere microbiota in promoting plant performance in saline-alkali soil under plastic film mulching.
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•Composting treatment and phase influenced fungal community.•Composting reduced plant and animal pathogens.•Plant and animal pathogens were negative correlated with compost ...maturity.•Specific OTUs were expected to compete for environmental preferences (niches).
Accumulating evidence indicates that the functional rather than taxonomic composition of microbial communities is closely correlated to local environmental factors. While composting is a widely accepted practice, specific knowledge of how fungal functional groups interact during the composting process remains limited. To address this, the impact of the initial C/N ratio of composting material on fungal community was analyzed in order to reveal the succession of functional diversity. Compared with the raw materials, the final composting product significantly reduced the relative abundances of plant and animal pathogens. Abundances of plant and animal pathogens, as well as dung saprotrophs, were negatively correlated with compost maturity, while abundances of wood saprotrophs exhibited positive correlations. Specific OTUs that showing highly abundant in each treatment were expected to compete for environmental preferences (niches) and/or interact with each other in positive (facilitative) ways. OTU2 (wood saprotroph) exhibiting the highest occurrence was negatively related to OTU7 (animal pathogen) and OTU4 (plant pathogen) during the mesophilic phase. Taken together, high-efficiency composting is represented as pattern variations of fungal community with a process of gradual decline of plant and animal pathogens as well as dung saprotrophs.
Summary
Stimulating the development of soil suppressiveness against certain pathogens represents a sustainable solution toward reducing pesticide use in agriculture. However, understanding the ...dynamics of suppressiveness and the mechanisms leading to pathogen control remain largely elusive.
Here, we investigated the mechanisms used by the rhizosphere microbiome induces bacterial wilt disease suppression in a long‐term field experiment where continuous application of bio‐organic fertilizers (BFs) triggered disease suppressiveness when compared to chemical fertilizer application. We further demonstrated in a glasshouse experiment that the suppressiveness of the rhizosphere bacterial communities was triggered mainly by changes in community composition rather than only by the abundance of the introduced biocontrol strain.
Metagenomics approaches revealed that members of the families Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae with the ability to produce secondary metabolites were enriched in the BF plant rhizosphere but only upon pathogen invasion. We experimentally validated this observation by inoculating bacterial isolates belonging to the families Sphingomonadaceae and Xanthomonadaceae into conducive soil, which led to a significant reduction in pathogen abundance and increase in nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene abundance.
We conclude that priming of the soil microbiome with BF amendment fostered reactive bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of tomato plants in response to biotic disturbance.
Purpose This paper aims to analyze the role and advantages of knowledge resources in the carbon emission reduction of the industrial chain, and how it can be used to promote the carbon emission ...reduction of the industrial chain, so that the industry can better achieve the saving of energy and the reduction of emission. Design/methodology/approach This paper argues that the traditional resource-plundering industrial chain production method can no longer meet the needs of sustainable development of the green and low-carbon industrial chain, and builds the coupling and coordination of knowledge technology innovation drive and industrial chain carbon emission reduction mechanism, in the four dimensions of industrial chain organization, government support, internet support and staff brainstorming, put forward suggestions for knowledge resources to drive carbon emission reduction in the industrial chain. Findings This paper holds that the use of knowledge resource advantages can better help industrial chain enterprises to carry out technological innovation, knowledge resource digital platform construction, knowledge resource overflow and transfer, application and management of network information technology, so as to reduce carbon emission in industrial chain. Originality/value This paper contributes to the discussion about the high-quality implementation of the revitalization strategy of the industrial chain and also deepens research on the knowledge resource-driven carbon emission reduction of the industrial chain. Further, this paper enriches the role of knowledge resources in the industrial industry, and the theoretical results support the advantages of knowledge resource in the field of chain carbon emission reduction.
Abstract
Accurate prediction of hydroelastic response in ocean waves is of great significance to the structural design and reliability design of floating structures. In this paper, based on the ...potential flow theory, a large floating structure is simplified as a thin-plate material, and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the structure are calculated by using the modal expansion method and the boundary element method. The correctness of the theory and calculation is verified by comparing the experimental and numerical results. Further, the wave properties and structural materials characterization were changed, this paper calculates the stress and deflection of the structure under wave action, and analyzes the effects of hydroelastic response on the safety of the structure.
Uric acid (UA) has been reported to be reduced in the serum of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON). However, the relationship between UA and neuromyelitis optica (NMO) was ...unknown. NMO was claimed to be a distinct nosologic entity from MS. The aim of our study was to investigate the correlation between serum UA level and the clinical characteristics of NMO. The serum UA level was measured in 403 Chinese patients; 69 with NMO, 32 ON, 127 MS, 80 cerebral infarction (CI) patients, and 95 healthy controls (CTL). Serum UA level in NMO was significantly lower than that in CI (249.89 ± 93.74 vs. 315.42 ± 85.57 μmol/L,
p
= 0.004) and CTL (249.89 ± 93.74 vs. 314.33 ± 102.05 μmol/L,
p
< 0.0001). However, no difference was found between NMO and MS (
p
= 0.496) or NMO and ON (
p
= 0.858). When the analysis was performed in the female cohort separately, UA level was significantly lower in females than in males in all groups. It was also shown in our study that UA level in patients with NMO was not correlated with disease activity revealed by MRI, disease disability or duration of disease. Our results indicated a reduced serum UA level in patients with NMO.
•Fumigation combined with organic input controlled tomato bacterial wilt disease.•The treatment led to significant changes in the soil bacterial and fungal communities.•Fumigation and organic input ...equally affected the rhizosphere microbiome variation.•Rhizosphere bacteria were the key factor directly and indirectly controlling the disease.•Stimulation of key bacterial taxa played an important role in disease suppression.
With no efficient method widely recognized for controlling or preventing tomato bacterial wilt, a devastating disease caused by the soil-borne bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum, tomato production is severely hindered. Therefore, the objective was thus to provide a strategy based on fumigation using ammonium bicarbonate along with organic amendment to reduce disease severity, and the impact of this treatment on the soil microbiome as well as the underlying mechanism leading to disease suppression were evaluated using high-throughput sequencing. Results showed that this combined strategy effectively controls tomato bacterial wilt disease despite the high abundance of R. solanacearum in both the bulk and rhizosphere soil in all treatments. The treatment led to significant changes in the soil bacterial and fungal communities, and at harvest time, fumigation and organic amendment equally affected the variation in the rhizosphere microbiome. Further, a shift in the rhizosphere bacterial community acted as the key factor directly and indirectly suppressing R. solanacearum and controlling bacterial wilt disease. In addition, Rhodanobacter, Terrimonas and Chitinophaga in the rhizosphere were the potential taxa involved in disease suppression. Both fumigation and organic amendment contributed to disease suppression by decreasing the abundance of R. solanacearum and altering the bacterial composition in combination with the stimulation of key bacterial taxa.
In this study, we investigated the interactive effects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF)
Rhizophagus irregularis
and soil bacteriomes on maize growth under salt stress (100 mM NaCl) and also ...the effect of salt and bacteriomes on the mycorrhizal infection levels. We found that soil bacteriomes directly promoted the growth of maize and indirectly enhanced maize biomass by increasing mycorrhizal colonization levels, irrespective of salt stress. Although
R. irregularis
by itself had no maize growth-promoting effect even at a high mycorrhizal colonization level in roots, its benefits to maize were reflected in other aspects, evidenced by the significantly increased rate of arbuscule formation (a proxy for a functional plant-AMF nutritional exchange) under salinity. A negative correlation between arbuscule colonization and root biomass suggested
R. irregularis
expands the role of maize roots. Besides, the positive correlation between the overall AMF colonization level and shoot biomass supported the tenet of a positive contribution of
R. irregularis
to maize growth. Our findings suggest that soil bacteriomes interactively work with
R. irregularis
, modulating the growth of maize by affecting the colonization of AMF in roots.
Due to the globalization and increasing human activities, there is a significant increase in bacterial invasions to the soil ecosystems. Soil resident communities are vulnerable to bacterial invasion ...and suffered legacy effects after unsuccessful invasion. However, whether such changes in the soil ecosystems are permanent or temporary remains unclear. Here, we investigated the functional resilience of soil ecosystems to bacterial invasion and intensive managements. We used Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli) as model strain examined the soil microbial metabolic functions, including enzyme activities, nitrogen and carbon use efficiency, community niche, and carbon metabolic potential, as well as soil physicochemical properties and microbial invader survival in 8 soil samples, 4 from natural hardwood forests and 4 from intensively managed Moso bamboo forests. The results showed that soil ecosystems were not resistant to E. coli invasion regardless of the intensity of management, which the finding was significantly reflected in the nutrient-acquiring activities or carbon utilization, or both. Besides, the invasion legacy effect (the effect after invader apoptosis) was positively related to E. coli survival time. However, most of the metabolic functions could recover almost to the initial state after 135 days of incubation, suggesting a strong recovery capacity of the soil ecosystems. These data indicate that E. coli invasion has a legacy effect on the functions of soil resident communities. However, soil ecosystems are highly resilient even under intensive human management.
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•E. coli invasion triggered instant and legacy effects on soil residential community functions.•E. coli invasion legacy effects was positively related to E. coli survival time.•The soil microbial metabolic functions were not resistant to E. coli invasion but were highly resilient, regardless of intensively managed or natural forests.
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